Fruit development and associated changes in the distribution of dry weight and nitrogen in Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. consentinii selection CB12

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Rapid Fall

Reproductive development, and the distribution of dry matter and nitrogen were followed in field plantings of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. cosentinii selection CB12 from the start of flowering until maturity. L. cosentinii (CBI 2) commenced flowering one week earlier, but developed one less order of inflorescences and fewer flowers than L. angustfiolius (Uniharvest) ; yet it set more pods and produced more seed. In both species seeds did not commence to fill until the leaves began to fall shortly after flowering ended. Seeds in pods on all orders of inflorescence filled concurrently. The increase in seed weight coincided with a rapid fall in the nitrogen content of other fractions of the tops.

scholarly journals Nodule efficiency of three soybean genotypes inoculated by different methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
V. Milić ◽  
N. Mrkovački ◽  
M. Popović ◽  
Đ. Malenčić
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Nr Activity

The objective of the study was to investigate how the inoculation of soybean seed (variety Afrodita, and lines NS-L-2016 and NS-L-300168) with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1, 1a, 2b), Azotobacter chroococcum (3, 13, 14), and GA3 (gibberellic acid) affected plant dry weight, nitrogen content of nodules and whole plant, the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation (NR, GS) and soluble protein content. The highest dry matter mass and nitrogen content were found in the variety Afrodita, followed by line NS-L-300168. The GS and NR activity was increased significantly by all three inoculation treatments relative to the control. In all three genotypes, the highest values for the enzymatic activity were achieved with treatment mixture of B. japonicum and A. chroococcum strains. Each measurement was performed with three replications. The results were processed using variance analysis and the values were tested with the LSD at 5%.

scholarly journals Maturation and germination of Vernonanthura discolor seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Camila Ribeiro de Souza Grzybowski ◽  
Rosemeire Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Elisa Serra Negra Vieira ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Periodic Monitoring

ABSTRACT Vernonanthura discolor is a native species with potential for reclamation of degraded lands, and the manufacture of wood panels. This study has aimed to evaluate the process of maturation and germination of Vernonanthura discolor seeds, determining the harvest time, and conducting the germination test. A periodic monitoring of the reproductive development of sources of Vernonanthura discolor was conducted, located in the municipality of Bocaiúva do Sul, PR, Brazil; and starting from the anthesis, weekly collections of seeds were performed to evaluate the percentage of dry matter, germinating power, and vigor, in order to identify the physiological maturity of the seeds. In the germination test, two combinations of four temperatures (20, 30, 20-30 and 30 °C), and two light regimes were tested, seeking to define the best methodology and evaluation dates of the test. It was concluded that the seeds physiological maturity Vernonanthura discolor reached 45 days after the anthesis, when the maximum values of dry weight, germination and vigor are achieved. Germination test may be conducted on blotting paper at 20 or 25 °C with a supply of light, or at 25 °C in the dark, the first count being on the 13th and the last one on the 29th day after seeding.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Load Influences Blueberry Vegetative and Fruit Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682e-682
Author(s):  
B.E. Maust ◽  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Southern Highbush

A field experiment was conducted in Gainesville, Fla., with two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, `Misty' and `Sharpblue', to investigate the influence of varying flower bud load on the timing and extent of vegetative and reproductive development. Flower bud load was adjusted on three different canes on ten plants by removing none, one-third, or two-thirds of the flower buds. Vegetative budbreak, leaf area, fruit number, and fruit fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Vegetative budbreak was delayed with increasing flower bud load. Vegetative budbreak, leaf area, and leaf area: fruit ratio decreased with increasing flower bud load. Fruit maturity was delayed and average berry fresh weight and dry weight declined with decreasing leaf area:fruit ratio. Responses were similar for both cultivars although `Misty' was more adversely affected by high flower bud load and low leaf area: fruit ratio.

Growth and chemical composition of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis). 1. Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in response to superphosphate

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw ◽  
CT Gates ◽  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Minor

In a field experiment on a solodic soil, applications of superphosphate, in the presence of molybdenum, increased the dry matter yield of S. humilis H.B.K. from 2,450 to 5,800 lb an acre, and increased the relative nitrogen content from 2.36 to 3.28 per cent. When this result was examined under more closely controlled conditions in a pot experiment, using the constituent elements of molybdenized superphosphate, it was found that the combination of phosphorus and sulphur produced the greatest dry weight and nitrogen responses. Nevertheless, substantial increases in dry weight of plant tops were obtained with added phosphorus in the absence of sulphur, although the relative nitrogen content of this dry matter was low unless sulphur was also present. There was a small response to molybdenum in this experiment, but calcium played only a minor role. In the pot experiment three replicates were placed in a glasshouse, and one under a light bank in a growth room. Plants grew faster and gave higher dry matter and nitrogen yields under the light bank than in the glasshouse. Attention is drawn to the adaptability that S. humilis displays to a wide range of nutritional conditions, and it is suggested that both the yield and nitrogen content of this legume are probably being limited by nutrient deficiency in most areas of northern Australia where it is being grown.

Effect of temperature on seed development in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). I. Dry matter changes

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
RL Dunstone
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Subtropical Species

Growth of the capsule and seed of jojoba were followed from pollination to maturity at eight temperature regimens ranging from 15/10 to 36/31�C (8/16 h; photoperiod 16 h). There was an initial lag before the onset of rapid (linear) seed development, during which the capsule expanded, and this lag varied from 106 days at 15/10�C to 7 days at 36/31�C. The wax concentration in the seed was low during the initial stages of development, but reached a maximum when the seeds were 70-75% of their final dry weight. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation in the seed increased with temperature up to 33/28�C but, because of the longer growth period at low temperature, seed size at maturity was greatest at 18/13�C. The current work suggests that prolonged periods with temperatures above 36/31�C, or below 15/10�C would be harmful to the development of jojoba seed. The high optimum temperature for growth rate of the seed (33/28�C) and sensitivity to a temperature of 15/10�C, puts jojoba into the same group as many subtropical species. However, the lower optimum temperature for seed weight at maturity (18/13�C) is close to that observed for the temperate cereals.

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Day/Night Root Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Lower Range

SUMMARYNodulated plants of six varieties of Stylosanthes were grown at a constant temperature of 30°C for 21 days in a controlled environment and then for a further 21 days at a range of day/night root temperatures. Dry matter and nitrogen content of S. hamata cv. Verano and CPI40264A were measured after growth at day/night root temperatures of 30/30, 40/30, 50/30, 60/30 and 60/35°C. Similarly, growth and nitrogen content were measured for Verano, CPI40264A, S. gvianensis cv. Oxley and cv. Cook, S. humilis cv. Lawson and S. scabra cv. Seca after growth at root temperatures of 25/20, 25/25, 30/25, 30/30, 35/30 and 40/30°C. There were strong interactions of root temperature with variety and harvest time (31 and 42 days) but all varieties grew well even at the highest temperatures (50–60°C) provided they were supplied with nitrogen. Symbiotically dependent plants of S. hamata cv. Verano were more tolerant of high root temperatures and maintained better growth and nitrogen fixation at 40/30°C than those of CPI40264A, especially after the 31 day harvest. All six varieties responded similarly, but to differing extents, to the lower range of root temperatures. Nitrogen fixation was more severely affected than dry weight by high root temperature.

Effects of Root Temperature on the Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Trifolium semipilosum and Trifolium repens

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
R. J. Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures

SUMMARYChanges in plant dry weight and nitrogen content of Trifolium semipilosum cv. Safari and T. repens cv. Grasslands Huia were monitored when the root systems of effectively nodulated 28-day-old plants were exposed to a range of constant and diurnal temperatures for 21 days. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive to high root temperatures than was dry weight accumulation, and T. semipilosum was relatively more tolerant of high root temperatures than T. repens for both dry weight and nitrogen content. The optimum temperatures for dry weight yield and nitrogen fixation (≡nitrogen content) were similar (21–23°C) for both species.Our data suggest that growth and nitrogen fixation in T. semipilosum are more tolerant of short-term exposure to increase in root temperature than in T. repens. In addition, both species accumulated more dry matter and fixed more nitrogen when night temperatures were reduced from either 30 or 35°C to 25°C. The increase was greater with T. semipilosum and may be a major factor in its adaptation to the humid subtropics and cooler (elevated) tropics.

Contrasting effects of rooting volume and aerial spacing on shoot morphology and reproductive performance of Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Danja

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pigeaire ◽  
JS Pate ◽  
CA Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Branches

Dry matter production and reproductive performance of sand-cultured, pot-grown plants of Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Danja were markedly affected by varied aerial density (19, 23, 45 and 90 plants m-2) at constant high rooting volume (4.7 l plants-') or by varied rooting volume (1.1, 2.4 and 4.7 1 plant-1) at constant low aerial density (19 plants m-2). Dry weight of roots decreased markedly with reduced aerial spacing, but not with reduced rooting volume, whereas root:shoot dry weight ratio was affected (increased) only by decreased rooting volume. Above-ground competition reduced fruit and seed number to a relatively greater extent than dry matter production, leading to highest 'reproductive' indices and harvest indices at lowest aerial density and least rooting volume. Decreased rooting volume reduced reproductive yield primarily by decreasing the number of orders of branches, while not affecting numbers of pods and seeds on inflorescences. Increased aerial density specifically reduced fruit set and seed number on all inflorescences. Number of branches in each order of inflorescence was reduced, but not the number of orders of branches. Results are discussed in relation to observed effects of inter-plant competition under field conditions, and to nutritional and hormonal hypotheses concerning reproductive performance.

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation during pod wall development of white lupin genotypes differing in proportion of pod walls

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. LAGUNES-ESPINOZA ◽  
C. HUYGHE ◽  
J. PAPINEAU ◽  
I. SHIELD
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Pod Wall

Pods of white lupin are characterized by a high proportion of pod walls in the pod mass at maturity. Genotypic variation in pod wall thickness at maturity and in proportion of pod walls has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to describe the pod and seed development in two ecotypes and one cultivar of spring-sown white lupin differing in proportion of pod walls, and to estimate the precise stage of development when the differences in pod wall dry matter among genotypes are first observed. The nitrogen content was also determined during the pod development of three genotypes. LA356, E084 and Lublanc were grown in the field in the UK and France in 1998 and 1999. The duration of pod and seed development was similar among genotypes and environmental conditions. Proportion of pod walls by dry weight at maturity were 0·21–0·23 for LA356, 0·27–0·28 for E084 and 0·30 for Lublanc. The ecotype with the lowest proportion of pod walls accumulated less dry matter in the pod walls than those with the highest proportion.Variation in pod wall dry matter per seed between genotypes was observed early during the pod development (300°C days from flowering) and it was maintained during all pod development. No significant differences were observed for the total nitrogen content at maturity among genotypes with high and low proportion of pod walls.

Fruit Set in Lupinus angustifolius Cv. Unicrop. I. Phenology and Growth During Flowering and Early Fruiting

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Farrington ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Amo 1618

Interaction of vegetative and reproductive development was examined in Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Unicrop, a grain legume in which only small proportions of flowers normally form fruit. Outgrowth of lateral shoots below an inflorescence coincided with shedding of flowers from upper positions on that inflorescence. Removal of laterals during early flowering of the inflorescence increased fruit number three- to fourfold, as did application to developing laterals of the growth retardants maleic hydrazide, AMO-1618, 'UNI-P-293', and 'Disugran'. Already-formed fruits appeared to restrict the number of fruit formed higher up an inflorescence, but their effect was small compared with that of lateral shoots. Shading of inflorescences due to overgrowth of surrounding laterals did not appear to affect fruit number of the inflorescence. Expanding laterals and secondary thickening of the main stem were major sinks for assimilates, while flowering inflorescences acquired only very small proportions (less than 3 %) of the shoot's current increment of dry matter. Studies of floral development showed that flower buds, open (white) flowers, and fruits were rarely shed, but that the 'corolla mauve' and 'corolla senescing' stages of late floral development were particularly vulnerable to abscission-promoting influences. This vulnerable period was marked by declining dry weight of the flower. It was not possible to determine whether the restrictive influence of lateral shoots on fruit number was of a hormonal character or due to the reduced supply of nutrients to developing flowers.

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