scholarly journals Maturation and germination of Vernonanthura discolor seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Camila Ribeiro de Souza Grzybowski ◽  
Rosemeire Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Elisa Serra Negra Vieira ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Periodic Monitoring

ABSTRACT Vernonanthura discolor is a native species with potential for reclamation of degraded lands, and the manufacture of wood panels. This study has aimed to evaluate the process of maturation and germination of Vernonanthura discolor seeds, determining the harvest time, and conducting the germination test. A periodic monitoring of the reproductive development of sources of Vernonanthura discolor was conducted, located in the municipality of Bocaiúva do Sul, PR, Brazil; and starting from the anthesis, weekly collections of seeds were performed to evaluate the percentage of dry matter, germinating power, and vigor, in order to identify the physiological maturity of the seeds. In the germination test, two combinations of four temperatures (20, 30, 20-30 and 30 °C), and two light regimes were tested, seeking to define the best methodology and evaluation dates of the test. It was concluded that the seeds physiological maturity Vernonanthura discolor reached 45 days after the anthesis, when the maximum values of dry weight, germination and vigor are achieved. Germination test may be conducted on blotting paper at 20 or 25 °C with a supply of light, or at 25 °C in the dark, the first count being on the 13th and the last one on the 29th day after seeding.

Fruit development and associated changes in the distribution of dry weight and nitrogen in Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. consentinii selection CB12

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Rapid Fall

Reproductive development, and the distribution of dry matter and nitrogen were followed in field plantings of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. cosentinii selection CB12 from the start of flowering until maturity. L. cosentinii (CBI 2) commenced flowering one week earlier, but developed one less order of inflorescences and fewer flowers than L. angustfiolius (Uniharvest) ; yet it set more pods and produced more seed. In both species seeds did not commence to fill until the leaves began to fall shortly after flowering ended. Seeds in pods on all orders of inflorescence filled concurrently. The increase in seed weight coincided with a rapid fall in the nitrogen content of other fractions of the tops.

THE GROWTH PATTERN OF CORN IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND STALK ROT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wall ◽  
C. G. Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Pith Tissue ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Single-cross hybrids resistant to root and stalk rot generally had greater growth rates, leaf areas, and stalk densities than susceptible single crosses. Differences in dry weight of tops were evident by the time of silk emergence and these differences became more pronounced as the hybrids approached maturity. Susceptible hybrids were characterized by a cessation of vegetative growth at pollination and a rapid senescence of leaves at or shortly after physiological maturity. Hybrids resistant to root and stalk rot were characterized by a continued increase in vegetative dry matter for several weeks after pollination, resulting in relatively heavy lower stalks and a high ratio of vegetative tissue to grain. The density of pith tissue from the lower stalk at physiological maturity was negatively correlated with subsequent stalk rot incidence.

scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION OF GERMINATION TEST AND RESPONSE TO NACL SALT STRESS IN Toona cliliata SEEDS

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Ramon De Medeiros ◽  
Manoela Andrade Monteiro ◽  
Patrícia Migliorini ◽  
Marilia Lazarotto ◽  
Lilian De Tunes
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of Australian cedar seeds (Toona ciliata M. Roem) in three different substrates and two photoperiods and evaluate the effect of salt stress with sodium chloride (NaCl) on the viability and vigor of seeds, conducting two experiments. The first experiment was conducted in a constant temperature room at 25 C and two light regimes 12h 24h white light; and three substrates: sand, between paper and on paper. Evaluations were performed on the seventhand twenty-first day after sowing. Results were expressed as percentage of Normal Seedlings, Abnormal Seedlings and Dead Seeds, Number of True Leaves, Fresh, Dry Matter, Seedling Length and Root. The second experiment used constant 25 C and photoperiod of 12 hours light. With treatments T1 (0mM: distilled water); 25mMNaCl T2; T3 50mMNaCl; T4 and T5 100mMNaCl 75mMNaCl. We evaluated PCG, G, IVG, CP, CR. The photoperiod of 24h light, does not influence the final seed germination and the use of paper on substrate provided the highest percentage of germinated seeds. As to the effect of salt stress, the concentration of 50mMsalt, caused damage to the development of seedlings.ResumoPadronização do teste de germinação e resposta ao estresse salino por NaCl em sementes de Toona ciliata. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes de cedro australiano (Toona ciliata M. Roem) em três substratos com dois fotoperíodos e avaliar o efeito do estresse salino com cloreto de sódio (NaCl) na viabilidade e vigor de sementes. O experimento I foi conduzido em ambiente com temperatura constante a 25 ºC e dois regimes de luminosidade, 12h de 24h de luz branca; três substratos: areia, entre papel e sobre papel. As avaliações foram realizadas no sétimo e vigésimo primeiro dia após a semeadura. Os resultados expressos em porcentagem de Plântulas Normais, Plântulas Anormais e Sementes Mortas, número de Folhas Verdadeiras, Massa Fresca, Massa Seca, Comprimento de Plântula e Raiz. O experimento II utilizou temperatura constante a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas luz. Com os tratamentos T1 (0 mM: água destilada); T2 25 mMNaCl; T3 50 mMNaCl; T4 75 mMNaCl e T5 100 mMNaCl. Avaliando-se PCG, G, IVG, CP e CR. O fotoperíodo de 24h de luz, não influencia na germinação e o uso do substrato sobre papel proporcionou a maior germinação. Quanto ao efeito do estresse salino, a concentração de 20 mM de sal, prejudicou o desenvolvimento das plântulas.Palavras-chave: Sementes florestais; análise de sementes, vigor, salinidade.

scholarly journals Penentuan Waktu Panen untuk Produksi Benih Bermutu Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
IDA AYU MAYUN ◽  
A.A. MADE ASTININGSIH ◽  
I WAYAN SEDANA ◽  
I GUSTI NGURAH RAKA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Right

Determination of Harvest Time for Quality Seed Production of Long Bean Plants (Vigna sinensis L.). Seed maturity generally occurs at the same time as fruit maturity. When the fruit reaches its physiological level, it is the best time to get seeds with high quantity and best quality. Early harvest before physiological maturity many seeds have not been completely filled so that they will produce low quality seeds because many seeds are wrinkled. Meanwhile, when harvested after physiological maturity, the seeds experience weather conditions so that many seeds experience physical and physiological quality deterioration. The research aimed to get the right harvest time in the production of quality seeds of long bean plants. This study used a randomized block design with 6 treatments at harvest pods after blooming and 4 replications. The six treatments were harvest age 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 days after the flowers bloom. The results showed that the right time to harvest pods for the production of long bean seeds was 26 days after blooming, the color of the pods has changed from green to yellow,  the seeds have the highest dry weight (7,56 g),  the best germination capacity (100%), and maximum vigor (88,78%).

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Day/Night Root Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Lower Range

SUMMARYNodulated plants of six varieties of Stylosanthes were grown at a constant temperature of 30°C for 21 days in a controlled environment and then for a further 21 days at a range of day/night root temperatures. Dry matter and nitrogen content of S. hamata cv. Verano and CPI40264A were measured after growth at day/night root temperatures of 30/30, 40/30, 50/30, 60/30 and 60/35°C. Similarly, growth and nitrogen content were measured for Verano, CPI40264A, S. gvianensis cv. Oxley and cv. Cook, S. humilis cv. Lawson and S. scabra cv. Seca after growth at root temperatures of 25/20, 25/25, 30/25, 30/30, 35/30 and 40/30°C. There were strong interactions of root temperature with variety and harvest time (31 and 42 days) but all varieties grew well even at the highest temperatures (50–60°C) provided they were supplied with nitrogen. Symbiotically dependent plants of S. hamata cv. Verano were more tolerant of high root temperatures and maintained better growth and nitrogen fixation at 40/30°C than those of CPI40264A, especially after the 31 day harvest. All six varieties responded similarly, but to differing extents, to the lower range of root temperatures. Nitrogen fixation was more severely affected than dry weight by high root temperature.

POTENTIAL USE OF STALK pH AND STALK PERCENT DRY MATTER AS ESTIMATORS OF LODGING SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CORN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
J. F. MULDOON ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
W. C. LEASK ◽  
M. S. ZUBER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Potential Use

Fourteen corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were grown at three locations in 1973 and one location in 1975 to study relationships between stalk pH, percent stalk dry matter (SDM), and percent broken stalks (PBS). The three traits were measured at weekly intervals for 4 or 5 wk encompassing grain physiological maturity in the tests of 1973, and on one date, near maturity, in 1975. Measurements of stalk crushing strength, rind thickness, and dry weight of 5-cm stalk sections were also obtained in 1975. In addition, records of PBS were available for the 14 hybrids from 12 tests grown over 4 yr prior to 1973. All measurements of PBS were transformed as log10 (x + 1) prior to statistical analysis; measurements of PBS, pH and SDM were adjusted by covariance to a common percent grain moisture. Measurements of stalk pH were not consistently related across the 14 hybrids to long-term measurements of PBS. Linear correlation coefficients between SDM and PBS were more consistent (i.e., usually positive) but were generally not statistically significant. Measurements of crushing strength, rind thickness and dry weight of 5-cm stalk sections for the 14 hybrids were not correlated with the 12-test means of PBS. In fact, none of the analytical measurements were as useful as measurements of PBS per se, recorded for individual tests in 1973 and 1975, in predicting hybrid differences in PBS as measured in the 12 tests prior to 1973.Key words: Corn, lodging, stalk pH, stalk dry matter

SUGARS AND EATING QUALITY OF RUTABAGAS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHIO SUZUKI ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Level

Rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) harvested in October and November contained a high level of sugars, more than 51% of dry matter. Roots harvested in September contained less sugars than those harvested later. Sugar concentration increased as much as 10% of dry weight during storage. Rutabagas harvested when the sugar concentration of dry weight reached the maximum level were of good eating quality. The optimum harvest time to obtain high quality rutabagas varied from year to year depending on weather conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological Maturity of Parapiptadenia rigida Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Hannah Braz ◽  
Danieli Regina Klein ◽  
Deise Cadorin Vitto ◽  
Neri Ebeling ◽  
Marlene Matos Malavasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Maturation Stages

The establishment of appropriate standards related to the physiological and morphological aspects of the seeds are fundamental procedures to help the nurserymen and seed producers in determining the maturity and the appropriate moment of collection of the fruits. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate the physiological maturation of seeds of Parapiptadenia rigida by means of germination and vigor tests, based on the color of the pods. The seeds were collected in June 2017, from three matrices located in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil. The pods were classified in four stages of maturation, according to the Chart of colors model “Munsell colors chart” for plants tissues, and measured the biometric parameters. The parameters observed to evaluate the germinative potential are: first germination count, germination velocity index, emergency velocity index, and fresh and dry matter masses of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five maturation stages and four replicates of 25 seeds each. The averages were compared using the Tukey test at a 5% probability. The germination test showed that the increase in physiological potential of P. rigida seeds is associated with the progresses of pod maturation. Therefore, the vigor test demonstrated that the physiological maturation of the species is simultaneous with the change of coloration and maturation of the pods.

Photosynthesis and Partitioning of Dry Matter in Sunflower

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD English ◽  
JR Mcwilliam ◽  
RCG Smith ◽  
JL Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Controlled Environments

Environmental and plant factors affecting photosynthesis in sunflower were studied in controlled environments and under field conditions. The response to temperature had a broad optimum around 27°C indicating that temperature is unlikely to limit photosynthesis of the crop under normal summer growing conditions. As found for most crops, carbon dioxide was the main factor limiting photosynthesis under optimum conditions of temperature and irradiance. Photosynthetic rates varied with the age and position of the leaf on the main stem. The maximum rate achieved by any leaf was obtained by fitting an exponential relationship of the form P = A(l -e-BI), which gave an adequate description of the light response curve. The photosynthetic rate of leaves increased to a maximum just prior to full leaf expansion and then declined. An increasing rate of photosynthesis was also characteristic of the leaf profile up the main stem, culminating in highest rates in the upper part of the leaf canopy. These data indicate that the larger recently developed active leaves, which are produced on the upper part of the stem, have the greatest potential photosynthetic capacity and are most effective in supplying carbon assimilates at all stages during the development of the crop. In the field, rates of photosynthesis for individual leaves were of the same order of magnitude and followed the same pattern as those recorded in controlled environments. Also, their diurnal patterns of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were relatively unaffected by reduced water potentials as low as -2.0 to -2.5 MPa during the middle of the day. The partitioning of dry matter in sunflower into the various above ground parts was characterized and at physiological maturity the seed represented 55% of the dry weight of the inflorescence but only 33% of the dry weight of the total plant. There was a linear increase with time in the oil content of the seed following fertilization, reaching a maximum at about 20-25 days, several weeks before the seed reached physiological maturity. These data can provide the necessary response functions required for the photosynthetic submodel of a more comprehensive model to predict the yield and adaptation of sunflower under varying environmental conditions.

scholarly journals CARPOSEMINAL BIOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

FLORESTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cristina Rickli-Horst ◽  
Manoela Mendes Duarte ◽  
Cacilda João Chirinzane ◽  
Antonio Carlos Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Digital Caliper

Cabralea canjerana is a species that has ecological and economic importance for the Southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds as well as the C. canjerana germinative process submitted to different substrates and temperatures. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed with the aid of digital caliper. In the germination test, the substrates blotting paper, sand and vermiculite, and the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC were used. The germination percentage, mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), synchronization index (SI), fresh mass (FS) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were assessed. The highest germination percentages occurred for vermiculite at three temperatures, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C. There was seedling formation in all treatments. The use of the sand substrate and the temperatures of 25 and 30 °C provided lower mean values of MGT and SI and higher mean values of MGR. The highest DM occurred with sand at the temperature of 20 ºC. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds varied. We recommend the use of vermiculite at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C for germination tests.Keywords: Meliaceae, native species, germination potential, temperature, substrate. Resumo:Biometria carpo seminal e germinação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. Cabralea canjerana é uma espécie que possui importância ecológica e econômica para o Sul do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a biometria de frutos e sementes, assim como o processo germinativo de C. canjerana submetido a diferentes substratos e temperaturas. Analisaram-se as características biométricas de frutos e sementes com auxílio de paquímetro digital. No teste de germinação, foram utilizados os substratos papel mata-borrão, areia e vermiculita e as temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, avaliando-se a porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação (VMG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), índice de sincronização (I), massa fresca (MF) e massa seca (MS) de plântulas. As maiores porcentagens de germinação ocorreram com vermiculita nas três temperaturas, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C. Houve formação de plântulas em todos os tratamentos. O uso do substrato areia e das temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC proporcionou menores médias de TMG e I e maiores médias de VMG. A maior MS ocorreu utilizando-se areia sob temperatura de 20 ºC. Ocorreu variação das características biométricas de frutos e sementes. Recomenda-se a utilização de vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C para testes de germinação.Palavras-chave: Meliaceae, espécie nativa, potencial germinativo, temperatura, substrato.

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