Effect of land preparation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of temperate species introduced into a tropical grass sward during autumn

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
IK Goodchild ◽  
PN Thurbon ◽  
R Sibbick ◽  
R Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grass Sward

Five temperate pasture species (Trifolium repens cv. Ladino, Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt Barker, Lolium multiflorum cv. Tama, Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley, and (Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum cv. Ariki) were compared singly and in combination for their winter production when introduced into an existing couch and pangola mixed pasture grown under irrigation in tropical Queensland. The effects of preparing a cultivated seedbed and applying 50 kg N/ha.month on dry matter (DM) yield and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were studied. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the DM yields of all pasture types, (P < 0.05), but with a lesser effect on clovers and mixtures of clover and ryegrass than on ryegrass. Average DM yields for winter (April to September) were 5740, 3665 and 5238 kg/ha for nitrogen-fertilized clovers, ryegrasses, and clover and ryegrass mixtures, respectively. Corresponding DM yields without nitrogen were 4852, 874 and 4532 kg/ha, respectively. Clovers, and clover and ryegrass mixtures maintained a higher IVDMD than did the ryegrasses. Cultivation assisted early establishment of temperate pastures, though satisfactory pastures were also established after slashing and burning of the original couch and pangola mixed pasture. DM yields were higher for clover, and clover and ryegrass mixtures. Ryegrass did not persist without N fertilizer. It was concluded that clovers, ryegrasses, and clover and ryegrass mixtures could be introduced annually into existing couch and pangola mixed pastures to provide winter forage in a tropical environment.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

Influence of annual ryegrass and barley seeding rates on intercrop forage yield and quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Forage Yields

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Maris Ledger’) was seeded at rates ranging from 5 to 30 kg ha−1 as either a monocrop or an intercrop with 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1 of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Diamond’). When ryegrass is intercropped with barley, cuts 1 and 2 are usually ensiled and the remainder of seasonal production is pastured (the equivalent of two forage cuts). Monocropped annual ryegrass produced 91% as much dry matter (DM) in the silage cuts as intercropped annual ryegrass and barley but produced 105% as much pasture. Over the season, monocropped ryegrass produced 11.1 t ha−1 of forage compared with 11.7 t ha−1 for intercropped annual ryegrass and barley. Among the intercropping treatments, increased barley seeding rate resulted in greater cut 1 yields, but this was offset by reduced cut 2 yields, so barley seeding rate did not affect the yield of DM for silage. Only 50 kg ha−1 of barley seed was required to obtain maximum yearly forage yields when intercropping with annual ryegrass. No more than 10 kg ha−1 of ryegrass seed was required for optimal yield when monocropping, and no more than 15 kg ha−1 when ryegrass was intercropped with barley. Monocropped ryegrass produced superior quality forage for silage. When quality was weighted for the relative yields of cuts 1 and 2, the monocrop averaged 16% protein and 72% in vitro disappearance of dry matter (IVDDM) compared with 12% protein and 58% IVDDM for the intercrops. Among the intercrops, increasing barley seeding rate from 50 kg ha−1 to 150 kg ha−1 did not affect the protein content of silage cuts, but it decreased IVDDM from 60% to 56%. Pasture forage quality was not affected by barley seeding rate.Key words: Intercropping, annual ryegrass, barley, seeding rate, yield

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES AND HARVEST SCHEDULES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS GROWN AS A SUMMER ANNUAL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Promenade’) was grown on fine sandy and light loam soils. Nitrogen was applied at 40, 80, or 120 kg/ha after emergence and after both the first and second harvests. The 1st harvest under schedules A, B and C was on 10, 15 and 22 July followed by the 2nd harvest in 28, 37 and 40 days and the 3rd harvest in 30, 50 and 37 days after the 2nd harvest, respectively. The 4th harvest for schedule A was 46 days after the 3rd harvest. Mean dry matter yields ranged from 6.26 to 9.03 t/ha, total N in tissue from 2.09 to 2.99%, in vitro digestibility of dry matter from 73.3 to 76.3%, and dry matter content from 12.1 to 14.1% depending on the N rate and/or harvest schedule. Nitrate-N concentration in plant tissue was low for 40 and 80 kg/N/ha/application but reached up to 0.45% for the 120 kg/ha/application under harvest schedule A. Yield distribution within the season was most uniform for schedule B. A 3-harvest schedule with 80 kg/ha of applied N at seeding and after the 1st and 2nd harvests was suitable management for Promenade Westerwolds ryegrass in this region.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

Divergent Selection for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Ehlke ◽  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. N. Drolsom ◽  
J. S. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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