A standard technique for detecting seed transmitted Phomopsis leptostromiformis of lupins and for testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Agar Media

A standard agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Phomopsis leptostromiformis on lupin seed. It proved to be reliable. The 95% confidence intervals of Phomopsis level of five seed samples were 13.2-1 5.8, 13.2-1 5.5, 15.4-1 7.9, 13.2-1 4.8 and 15.6-1 8.0. The characteristic colony produced by Phomopsis infected seeds on agar media was confirmed by microscopic examination for accuracy of detection and no exception was observed. The method is described in detail. The method was then used in a two year survey of 160 samples of commercial lupin seed from all parts of South Australia. The percentage of seed infected in these samples ranged from 0-20% and only 13% of the samples were free of P. leptostromiformis.

A standard technique for detecting seed-borne pathogens in peas, chemical control, and testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Pea Seed

A modified agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Ascochyta pinodes, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma medicaginis var. Pinodella and Fusarium oxysporum on pea seed. It proved to be reliable. The characteristic colonies produced by the four pathogens from infected seeds on agar media are described. They were confirmed by microscopic examination. The method was used in a survey of 214 samples of commercial field pea seed from all parts of South Australia. Ninety per cent of samples had infection with A. pinodes with levels of infection ranging from 1-45%, making it the most important seed-borne pathogen. Seventy-two per cent of seed samples were infected with M. phaseolina with levels of infection ranging from 1-35%. Thirty-one and 24% of seed samples were infected with Phoma medicaginis and F. oxysporum, respectively. Only 10% of samples were free from infection. Two chemicals (benlate and thiram) were tested for in vitro control of these seed-borne pathogens. Complete control was achieved by thiram and benlate at both high and low dose rates.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-agar Plate Method for Establishment of Axenic Primary Cultures in Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayano YAMAZAKI ◽  
Koichi NAKANISHI ◽  
Naotsune SAGA
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Plate Method

scholarly journals Agar Plate Method for Detecting Microorganisms Which Produce Equilin and Other Estrogens from Various Steroids

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Vezina ◽  
Kartar Singh ◽  
S. N. Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Plate Method

scholarly journals SERUM AND URINARY LYSOZYME (MURAMIDASE) IN MONOCYTIC AND MONOMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott F. Osserman ◽  
Dolores P. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Human Enzyme ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Sole Product ◽  
Serum And Urine

Markedly increased quantities of lysozyme have been found in the serum and urine (ranging to 2.6 g per day) of ten consecutive cases of monocytic and monomyelocytic leukemia. The enzyme has been isolated from the urine of several cases and physicochemically and immunochemically characterized. It is apparently identical to the lysozyme of normal tears, saliva, leukocytes, and serum, but structurally different from the lysozyme of hen's egg white. The activity of the human enzyme assayed with M. lysodeikticus organisms is 3 to 12 times greater than egg white lysozyme at equivalent concentrations. An agar plate method has been developed for quantitating lysozyme activity in small samples (approximately 25 µl) of serum, urine, or other biological fluids. The range and reproducibility of this method were found to be superior to previously available lysozyme assay procedures. Present evidence indicates that lysozyme is the principal, if not the sole, product of the proliferating monocytes in monocytic and monomyelocytic leukemia, and quantitation of serum and urine lysozyme should be a useful diagnostic procedure for these leukemias.

Chloride Salts of Triethyl- and Benzyl-Triethyl-Ammonium: A New Antifungal for Giant Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1162 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mudzakir ◽  
Soja Siti Fatimah ◽  
Yayan Sanjaya ◽  
Budiman Anwar ◽  
Gumilar Miftahurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Benzyltriethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Benzyl Substituent

In this study, quarternary ammonium salts based on triethylammonium and benzyltriethylammonium cations with the anion of chloride are successfully used for giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) preservation. These salts are new biocides as well as new salts which penetrate bamboo well. The prepared salts with hydrogen and benzyl substituent at the cation and consisted of chloride anion, exhibited fungicidal activity against Aspergillus Flavus. The effective and lethal doses were measured by the agar-plate method. In their activity against bamboo degrading fungi, salt of benzyl-triethyl-ammonium chloride was comparable with commercially available benzalkonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium. Keywords: Triethylammonium, Benzyltriethylammonium, chloride, antifungal, and giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and Aspergillus Flavus

Sources of infection and methods of control of Septoria oenotheraein evening primrose (Oenotheraspp.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
M. N. O'Connell ◽  
V. Kethees Wararajah ◽  
A. F. Fieldsend ◽  
F. J. Cullum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Methods Of Control

Septoria oenotheraeWest. can cause severe damage in overwintered crops of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), including complete crop loss. Damage would be reduced if the sources of infection could be identified and removed. Examination of seed capsules inoculated with S. oenotheraeshowed that 96% of the pycnidia present were on the outside of the capsules, and seeds bearing pycnidia were only rarely found. However, internal infection of seeds from these capsules was demonstrated by both a blotter test and by culturing on agar media. Immersing seeds in 45°C water for 25 minutes destroyed viable fungal propagules located internally in seeds without reducing seed germination. The pathogen was also shown to overwinter in the pycnidial stage on stems left standing in the field. It is concluded that both internal seed-borne infection and overwintered crop debris are potential sources of infection in commercial seed stocks of evening primrose.

Bioassay of the contamination of lupin seed by the mycotoxin phomopsin

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Petterson ◽  
JE Peterson ◽  
LW Smith ◽  
PM Wood ◽  
CCJ Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Good Agreement

Samples of seed from commercial crops of Lupinus spp. in three States were tested for the presence of phomopsin, the causative agent of lupinosis. Each of 43 samples was tested in one of two laboratories using a nursling rat bioassay, and 12 of these were tested in both. Factors that could affect reproducibility of the assay were examined. There was good agreement in assessments of toxicity between laboratories. The efficiency of extraction was found to vary from about 15% at low concentrations of phomopsin to no more than 60%. Phomopsin was detected in 17 of the 43 samples, at levels ranging from < 6 �g/kg to 360 �g/kg. Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection was detected in 25 of 31 samples of seed from Western Australia, the highest infection level being 18%. The highest levels of phomopsin were found in samples with more than 8% infection.

Colony-Forming Unit Enumeration by a Plate-MPN Method

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-T. TAN ◽  
R. B. MAXCY ◽  
W. W. STROUP
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Mpn Test ◽  
Surface Plate

Concepts of the standard surface plate method and the most probable number method (MPN) were combined to provide a new enumeration technique (plate-MPN). Three discrete 0.01-ml samples of an appropriate decimal dilution were inoculated onto each quadrant of a pre-dried petri plate. The discrete spots from the inoculum were then observed for growth after incubation. Results were interpreted analogous to a 3-tube MPN test using presently available tables. Application of the test to pure cultures and mixed flora provided no evidence to indicate the plate-MPN technique to be any less accurate than the standard technique for microbial counts. The plate-MPN technique was less precise than the standard technique. However, the plate-MPN technique has many advantages over traditional methods.

A Modified Agar Plate Method for Detection of Strongyloides Stercoralis

1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Koga ◽  
Kenji Kita ◽  
Hiroshi Ohtomo ◽  
Shiro Kasuya ◽  
Chirasak Khamboonruang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Plate Method
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