Sources of infection and methods of control of Septoria oenotheraein evening primrose (Oenotheraspp.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
M. N. O'Connell ◽  
V. Kethees Wararajah ◽  
A. F. Fieldsend ◽  
F. J. Cullum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Methods Of Control

Septoria oenotheraeWest. can cause severe damage in overwintered crops of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), including complete crop loss. Damage would be reduced if the sources of infection could be identified and removed. Examination of seed capsules inoculated with S. oenotheraeshowed that 96% of the pycnidia present were on the outside of the capsules, and seeds bearing pycnidia were only rarely found. However, internal infection of seeds from these capsules was demonstrated by both a blotter test and by culturing on agar media. Immersing seeds in 45°C water for 25 minutes destroyed viable fungal propagules located internally in seeds without reducing seed germination. The pathogen was also shown to overwinter in the pycnidial stage on stems left standing in the field. It is concluded that both internal seed-borne infection and overwintered crop debris are potential sources of infection in commercial seed stocks of evening primrose.

Potential sources of infection for BSE cases born in France after 1996

2006 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jarrige ◽  
C. Ducrot ◽  
D. Lafon ◽  
B. Thiebot ◽  
D. Calavas
Keyword(s):  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection

scholarly journals Tuberculous lesions in pig lymph nodes caused by kaolin fed as a supplement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Matlova ◽  
L. Dvorska ◽  
M. Bartos ◽  
J. Docekal ◽  
M. Trckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

An increased incidence of tuberculous lesions in head and mesenteric lymph nodes from slaughtered pigs weighing about 115 kg was recorded in a herd of pigs kept in two farms A and B in the CzechRepublic. Tuberculous lesions were more frequently (P < 0.01) diagnosed in pigs from Farm A (10.4%) than from Farm B (1.1%). The follow-up investigation of potential sources of infection on Farm A revealed that the piglets were fed kaolin from a nearby mine as a supplement. Among 20 samples from the pigs’ environment, atypical conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (ACPM) were detected in four samples as follows: dust (n = 2), pig faeces (n = 1) and kaolin fed as a supplement (n = 1). Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis of genotype IS901– and IS1245+ and serotype 8 was isolated from kaolin and pig lymph nodes, M. fortuitum from stable dust and pig faeces and other ACPM from stable dust. When kaolin feeding to piglets ceased, the incidence of tuberculous lesions in these pigs at slaughter 5–6 months later decreased from 16.1% to 3.4%. No ACPM was detected on Farm B in 27 samples from the environment. An investigation of surface kaolin mines did not detect mycobacteria in non-extracted kaolin. However, surface water (three isolates among 13 samples) from the pond used for kaolin levigation and 23 batches of the final product of kaolin (10 samples from each batch, i.e. a total of 230 samples were examined) were contaminated with ACPM. Among the latter, ACPM were isolated from three samples originating from three different batches. ACPM were likely to survive during transport of the kaolin, as a suspension through the pipeline, and during its further processing to the final product (sedimentation, addition of colloid substances, drying and other procedures).

Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichul Bae ◽  
Gaston Mercier ◽  
Alan K. Watson ◽  
Diane L. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Centrifuge Tube ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Seed Germination Test

Bae, J., Mercier, G., Watson, A. K. and Benoit, D. L. 2014. Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1519–1521. We introduced a germination assay for metal toxicity using micro-centrifuge tube and agar media as germination substrate. The additives associated with metal treatment preparation had no effect on germination of four test species. This method can circumvent some of the limitations derived from the traditional petri-dish germination assays.

An intraoperative assessment of bacterial contamination on surgical helmets and gloves during arthroplasty surgeries

2020 ◽  
pp. 112070002096354
Author(s):  
Martin Thaler ◽  
Ismail Khosravi ◽  
Ricarda Lechner ◽  
Birgit Ladner ◽  
Débora C Coraça-Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Intraoperative Assessment ◽  
Surveillance Cultures ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Infection is a devasting complication after primary and revision arthroplasty. Therefore, identifying potential sources of infection can help to reduce infection rates. The aim of this study was to identify the impact and potential risk of contamination for glows and surgical helmets during arthroplasty procedures. Methods: Surveillance cultures were used to detect contamination of the glow interface during the surgery and the surgical helmets immediately at the end of the surgery. The cultures were taken from 49 arthroplasty procedures from the surgeon as well as the assisting surgeon. Results: In total, 196 cultures were taken. 31 (15.8%) of them showed a contamination. 12 (13.5%) of 98 cultures taken from the surgical helmets were positive, while 18 (18.3%) of 96 cultures taken from the gloves showed a contamination. Discussion: The study showed that during arthroplasty procedures, surgical helmets and gloves were frequently contaminated with bacteria. In 20 of 49 (40.8%) arthroplasty surgeries, either the surgical helmet or the gloves showed a contamination. Surgeons should be aware that they might be a source for infection during arthroplasty surgeries.

scholarly journals Serpulina pilosicoli, waterbirds and water: potential sources of infection for humans and other animals

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. OXBERRY ◽  
D. J. TROTT ◽  
D. J. HAMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection

Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from 8 of 43 (19%) faecal specimens obtained from feral waterbirds sampled around a small lake at Perth Zoological Gardens, Western Australia, and from 3 of 7 (43%) samples of the lake water. The organism was only isolated from 1 of 204 (0·5%) samples from captive birds and animals in the zoological collection. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the isolates showed that they were genetically diverse, and none had identical electrophoretic profiles as those previously obtained from human beings, dogs, pigs and other avian species. To determine the survival time of S. pilosicoli in water, cells of strain 1648 were seeded into lake and tap water, and incubated at 4, 25 and 37°C. The organism could be recultured from lake water for up to 66 days at 4°C, and for 4 days at 25°C. A healthy human volunteer who drank water seeded with S. pilosicoli strain Wes B became colonized, and developed abdominal discomfort and headaches. Contamination of water by faeces may represent a source of S. pilosicoli infection for both humans and animals.

Occurrence and viability of Septoria oenotherae in commercial seed samples of evening primrose

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. A. SIMPSON ◽  
M. N. O'CONNELL ◽  
R. M. STOBART ◽  
F. J. CULLUM
Keyword(s):  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Commercial Seed

scholarly journals Contamination of an operating theatre by Gram-negative bacteria. Examination of water supplies, cleaning methods and wound infections

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mair E. M. Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Piper ◽  
Isobel M. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Cleaning Methods

SUMMARYThis paper describes a search for Gram-negative bacteria in an operating theatre and the steps taken to reduce the level of environmental contamination.A high rate of infection in clean wounds prompted a bacteriological survey. Potential sources of infection found, and the measures employed are described in the hope that others may be encouraged to examine familiar equipment critically and to improve hygiene even in old premises.The choice, design, use and care of cleaning and sterilizing equipment were open to criticism. In particular, a currently popular floor-scrubbing machine provided a breeding ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was distributing it in the theatre environment.

scholarly journals Quantification and conceptual validation of the inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueny Kelly Santos de França ◽  
Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Marina de Resende Faria Guimarães ◽  
José da Cruz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold, is widespread throughout the world. The disease is considered to be one of the major diseases of soybean and bean crops in Brazil. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum is spread by soybean and bean seeds both in the form of sclerotia and dormant mycelium inside the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between different potentials of S. sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds and the performance of these seeds, as well as to verify the localization and quantification of the inoculum of the pathogen in the seeds inoculated by Real-time PCR (qPCR), validating the term inoculum potential. Soybean and bean seeds were inoculated with the fungus by the osmotic conditioning method based on the exposure of the seeds to the fungus for periods of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Molecular analysis was carried out by means of qPCR in whole seeds and dissected in the integument, cotyledon and embryonic axis. The results showed that the effects of S. sclerotiorum on seed germination and vigor were progressive and proportional to the increases in inoculum potentials, since there was more severe damage to the seeds and consequently to the emerged plants at the highest potential (P96). The inoculum of the pathogen was found in all parts of the evaluated seeds, even at its lowest inoculum potential (P24), with an increasing DNA concentration, and the integument obtained a greater amount of DNA than the embryo, in comparison.

A standard technique for detecting seed transmitted Phomopsis leptostromiformis of lupins and for testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Agar Media

A standard agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Phomopsis leptostromiformis on lupin seed. It proved to be reliable. The 95% confidence intervals of Phomopsis level of five seed samples were 13.2-1 5.8, 13.2-1 5.5, 15.4-1 7.9, 13.2-1 4.8 and 15.6-1 8.0. The characteristic colony produced by Phomopsis infected seeds on agar media was confirmed by microscopic examination for accuracy of detection and no exception was observed. The method is described in detail. The method was then used in a two year survey of 160 samples of commercial lupin seed from all parts of South Australia. The percentage of seed infected in these samples ranged from 0-20% and only 13% of the samples were free of P. leptostromiformis.

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