Tolerance of growing pigs to lupin alkaloids

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Godfrey ◽  
AR Mercy ◽  
Y Emms ◽  
HG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

In two experiments with a total of 93 young pigs, we measured responses in growth rate and feed intake to dietary lupin alkaloid concentrations which ranged from 0.05 to 0.52 g/kg. In the first experiment increasing the alkaloid levels from 0.12 to 0.52 g/kg in increments of 0.08 g/kg produced a progressive decline in growth rate and feed intake. In the second experiment, pig productivity was unaffected by increasing dietary alkaloids from 0.05 to 0.20 g/kg, but was depressed when the alkaloid level reached 0.35 g/kg. It was concluded that, with ad libitum feeding, growing pigs could tolerate up to 0.20 g/kg of dietary lupin alkaloids.

Methods of feeding growing pigs to maximise feed intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 128-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Lightfoot ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
C.F. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

An experiment was carried out to determine which feeding method maximised feed intake of growing pigs and to record growth rates, feed conversion efficiency and backfat measurements. There is an increasing tendency for dry fed pigs to be fed ad libitum or to appetite in order to increase growth rates and throughput of building.Limited information is available on how the modern genetically improved pig will respond to high levels of feeding and whether ad libitum feeding will encourage higher feed intake than feeding to appetite either wet or dry.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Visits

SUMMARYTwo experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.

Restricted floor feeding or ad libitum feeding of growing pigs using a prototype micro-processor controlled feed dispenser

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
A.L. Lightfoot ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
C.F. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

An experiment at Terrington compared restricted floor feeding with ad libitum hopper feeding of group housed pigs over a weight range of about 35-90 kg. A prototype micro-processor controlled feed dispensing system, developed from the “Pig Code” electronic sow feeder, was used to automatically record ad libitum feed intake. Two dispensers were used to investigate the effect of feeder siting on pig performance and pen cleanliness.

Adaptation of growing pigs to changes in environmental temperature

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Morrison ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYPigs fed ad libitum were exposed to changes from 22 to 33°C and from 33 to 20°C. Responses were investigated in two groups of animals kept for three successive periods of four weeks at 22°, 33° and finally 20°C.Twenty-four hr after the first change, from 22 to 33°C, there was a decline in body weight; after the second change, from 33 to 20°C, there was a large increase. After the change to 33°C, feed intake by the second day and growth rate for the first week were about the same as at the end of the four weeks, but about 12 days were required for water intake, rectal temperature and respiratory rate to reach steady values.After the change from 33 to 20°C, steady values for respiratory rate and rectal temperature were reached in one and 12 days respectively. The rate of gain in weight increased to reach a peak nine days following the temperature change and then declined.

Effects of diet density and environmental temperature on performance and carcass quality of pigs fed ad libitum to bacon weight

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
H.H. Spechter
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Ad libitum feeding from hoppers offers a simple system for feeding growing pigs and maximises liveweight gain. High feed intake in the later stages of production often results in excessive backfat deposition, making it difficult to achieve optimum carcass gradings with pigs kept to bacon weight. Both nutrient density of the diet and ambient temperature may influence voluntary feed intake. This experiment investigated the extent to which these factors could be used under commercial conditions to manipulate growth rate and fat deposition of pigs on an ad libitum feeding system.

Selection for components of efficient lean growth rate in pigs 2. Selection pressure applied and direct responses in a Landrace herd

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
M. K. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractResponses to divergent selection for lean growth rate with ad-libitum feeding (LGA), for lean food conversion (LFC) and for daily food intake (DFI) in Landrace pigs were studied. Selection was practised for four generations with a generation interval ofl year. A total of 2642 pigs were performance tested in the high, low and control lines, with an average of 37 boars and 39 gilts performance tested per selection line in each generation. The average within-line inbreeding coefficient at generation four was equal to 0·04. There was one control line for the DFI and LFC selection groups and another control line for the LGA selection group. Animals were performance tested in individual pens with mean starting and finishing weights of 30 kg and 85 kg respectively with ad-libitum feeding. The selection criteria had phenotypic s.d. of 32, 29 and 274 units, for LGA, LFC and DFI, respectively, and results are presented in phenotypic s.d.Cumulative selection differentials (CSD) were 5·1, 4·5 and 5·5 phenotypic s.d. for LGA, LFC and DFI, respectively. Direct responses to selection were 1·4,1·1 and 0·9 (s.e. 0·20) for LGA, LFC and DFI. In each of the three selection groups, the CSD and direct responses to selection were symmetric about the control lines. The correlated response in LFC (1·1, s.e. 0·19) with selection on LGA was equal to the direct response in LFC. In contrast, the direct response in LGA was greater than the correlated response (0·7, s.e. 0·18) with selection on LFC. There was a negative correlated response in DFI (-0·6, s.e. 0·18) with selection on LFC, but the response with selection on LGA was not significant (0·2, s.e. 0·16).Heritabilities for LGA, LFC and DFI ivere 0·25, 0·25 and 0·18 (s.e. 0·03), when estimated by residual maximum likelihood, with common environmental effects of 0·12 (s.e. 0·02). Genetic correlations for LFC with LGA and DFI were respectively positive (0·87, s.e. 0·02) and negative (-0·36, s.e. 0·09), while the genetic correlation between DFI and LGA was not statistically different from zero, 0·13 (s.e. 0·10). Selection on components of efficient lean growth has identified LGA as an effective selection objective for improving both LGA and LFC, without a reduction in DFI.

Insulin secretion, body composition and pig performance are altered by feeding pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Newman ◽  
Jeffery A. Downing ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Cherie L. Collins ◽  
David J. Henman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Entire Male

Three studies investigated the effect of feeding strategy on production performance and endocrine status of growing pigs. For Experiment 1, 20 entire male pigs (70.0 ± 4.6 kg) were allocated randomly to individual pens in one of four climate-controlled rooms. Pigs were fed for 23 days either ad libitum or entrained to feed bi-phasically for two 90-min periods. For Experiment 2, 20 entire male pigs (41.2 ± 3.5 kg) were housed as per Experiment 1. Pigs were fed for 49 days either ad libitum or fed bi-phasically for two 60-min periods. For Experiment 3, 100 female pigs (66.1 ± 3.5 kg) were randomly allocated to individual pens within a commercial piggery and fed for 42 days either ad libitum or bi-phasically for two 60-min periods. Ear vein catheters were inserted into 10 pigs from each group and hourly blood samples were collected for 24 h in Experiments 1 and 2 and for 11 h in Experiment 3. Plasma insulin, non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were determined in Experiments 1 and 2, and glucose and insulin concentrations in Experiment 3. Feed intake and performance were recorded in all experiments and carcass composition was assessed by computed tomography for Experiment 2. There were no differences in final liveweight between the two treatment groups for all experiments. Pigs fed for two 90-min periods (Experiment 1) showed no difference in feed intake when compared with feeding ad libitum. Pigs in Experiment 2 fed for two 60-min intervals consumed 2.49 kg/pig.day compared with those fed ad libitum that consumed 2.68 kg/day (P = 0.057). In Experiment 3, pigs fed twice daily consumed 2.82 kg/pig.day compared with 2.91 kg/pig.day in ad libitum-fed pigs (P = 0.051). Bi-phasic fed pigs in Experiment 2 had improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency compared with pigs fed ad libitum. For all experiments, there was no difference in plasma glucose concentrations between the two treatments. In all three experiments, the circulating insulin concentrations for pigs fed ad libitum remained at a constant level throughout the sampling period. However, plasma insulin concentrations for the bi-phasic fed pigs significantly increased ~1 h after both feeding periods during all three experiments. Insulin secretion of pigs fed for two 90-min periods differed from that of pigs fed for two 60-min periods. Plasma insulin concentration increased five-fold following feeding for 60 min, compared with that in pigs fed for 90 min, which increased two-fold. Bi-phasic-fed pigs from Experiment 2 had reduced (P < 0.05) total carcass fat and significantly increased muscle when compared with pigs fed ad libitum. The data showed that feeding pigs at two succinct periods aligned insulin secretion to the time of feeding. Pigs fed for 60 min, unlike those fed for 90-min intervals, had reduced feed intake in comparison to those fed ad libitum. This may suggest that the duration of the feeding bout is important for this response and this may in turn influence both energy balance and the way energy is partitioned.

scholarly journals Short-term consequences of a sudden increase in feed allowance in broiler breeder hens

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
M. W. Yu ◽  
M. E. Lupicki ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The immediate effects of a sudden increase in feed allowance on selected morphological and reproductive traits were investigated in broiler breeder hens at 44 wk of age. Fifty Indian River hens were individually caged at 40 wk of age. Prior to 40 wk of age the birds had been feed restricted in accordance with the breeder's recommended feeding program. Five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) of 10 birds each were formed based on level of feeding and duration of exposure to such feeding. T1, T2 and T3 birds were feed restricted (128 g of daily feed bird−1) from 40 to 44, 40 to 45 and 40 to 46 wk of age, respectively. T4 and T5 birds were also feed restricted at the same level as the other groups to 44 wk of age and then were full fed from 44 to 45 and 44 to 46 wk of age, respectively. To facilitate study of follicular recruitment and yolk deposition, hens were fed 10 g of oil-soluble red and black dyes, daily, on alternate days, beginning at 42 wk of age. Birds were killed on day 0 (44 wk; T1), day 7 (45 wk; T2, T4), or day 14 (46 wk; T3, T5). Full-fed hens consumed approximately 100 g more feed per day than did feed-restricted hens, with marked increases in feed intake on the first day of full feeding. After 7 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were seen in body weight, liver weight, percent liver fat, plasma lipid concentration, ovary weight, and the incidence of a double hierarchy (simultaneous development) of large follicles. After 14 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were also observed in absolute fat-pad weight, individual weights of the four largest preovulatory follicles and number of large preovulatory follicles. The increased number of large follicles in the ovary was not associated with any change in egg production. It is apparent that the morphological disruptions associated with overfeeding broiler breeder hens can be identified within 7 d of full feeding, while any effects on egg production are not seen within the first 14 d of ad libitum feeding. Key words: Broiler breeder, feed intake, yolk deposition, ovarian morphology, egg production

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