Influence of different concentrations of metabolisable energy at constant ratio to dietary protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and phosphorus on the performance of White Leghorn layers in the tropics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Rama Rao ◽  
M. V. L. N. Raju ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
A. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Bird Colony ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient density on the performance (21–72 weeks of age) of White Leghorn layers reared in an open-sided poultry house in the tropics. Six diets with graded levels (9.62–11.72 MJ/kg) of metabolisable energy (ME) with an increment of 0.42 MJ were formulated. Concentrations of crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus were kept constant to ME in all diets (15.9, 0.73, 0.35, 3.19 and 0.31 g/MJ ME, respectively). At 21 weeks of age, a total of 5280 birds was distributed randomly in 4-bird colony cages and 22 such cages in a row constituted one replicate. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates from 21 to 72 weeks of age and performance parameters were recorded at 28-day intervals (period, 1–13). Egg production (EP) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ME and maximum response in EP was observed when dietary ME levels ranged between 10.93 and 11.69 MJ/kg during the majority of periods, while in periods 6, 7 and 8 (summer, 28−37°C), maximum EP was observed at higher ME levels in diet (11.64–11.69 MJ/kg diet). Feed intake (P < 0.01) decreased, feed efficiency (P < 0.01), egg mass (P < 0.01) and weight gain (P < 0.05) improved quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration. Maximum feed efficiency was observed at 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet during 21–72 weeks of age. Egg shell defects were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary nutrient density. Mortality reduced quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration and mortality was minimum at 11.64 MJ ME/kg diet. Based on results from the experiment it was concluded that White Leghorn layers (21–72 weeks of age) require 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet for maximum egg production, feed efficiency and egg mass with better liveability. The calculated intake of metabolisable energy, crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus in layers fed 11.30 MJ ME/kg diet was 1.157 MJ, 18.42 g, 865 mg, 409 mg, 3.68 g and 358 mg per bird per day, respectively.

scholarly journals A production trial with layers of four hybrids under different environmental conditions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
H. Appelman ◽  
B.J. Bonhof
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Food Consumed

161 Australorp X Rhode Island Red (RIR) X New Hampshire (NH) and 166 White Leghorn (WL) imported fowls were kept in insulated housing; 161 Australorp X RIR X NH, 166 WL, 154 RIR X WL and 148 RIR X NH X RIR fowls were kept in open houses. In the 6 groups resp., live weight at 126 days of age averaged 1602, 1227, 1578, 1234, 1397 and 1539 g, food consumption 4.02, 4.49, 4.03, 4.47, 4.25 and 4.17 kg/kg gain, overall laying percentage 56.6, 56.4, 52.5, 53.4, 55.0 and 37.5, egg production/hen 202, 201, 188, 191, 196 and 134, and egg weight 56.3, 56.3, 55.0, 55.8, 55.0 and 57.5 g. Egg mass averaged 1335, 1323, 1191, 1151, 1126 and 796 kg and food consumed/kg eggs produced 3.68, 3.53, 3.71, 3.25, 3.37 and 4.74 kg. Live weight at 16 mth of age averaged 2894, 2040, 2665, 1874, 2132 and 2517 g, and mortality 12.8, 11.1, 33.6, 43.5, 52.8 and 50.4%. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effects of a short laying rest on postrest egg production and egg quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Hilkka Hakatie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Production Period

Two factorial trials, each including three commercial laying hybrids, were conducted to study the effects of a short laying rest on postrest performance of hens and on egg quality. A total of 1800 hens laying at 65% on an average (70 wks of age) were subjected to one of the following treatments: no rest (control, C) or feeding only whole-grain barley (WB) or fasting (F, Trial 1 only) until the rate oflay dropped to 0%, after which the birds were returned to the previous all-mash diet. The second laying period was six months. Egg production of the WB and F hens ceased within one week on an average and the birds were out of production for 10 days. Laying intensity during the second production period did not differ significantly between the treatments in each trial, but egg weight and daily egg mass production increased as a result of the rest treatments. The laying rest procedures reduced feed intake, improved feed efficiency and increased live weight significantly. Egg shell and albumen quality traits were significantly better in the laying rest groups than in the controls. Significant differences in performance and egg quality between the hybrids were mainly ascertained in Trial 2. The results suggest that a short laying rest is a feasible means of improving egg quality towards the end of the laying period. It can be accomplished successfully by feeding whole-grain barley.

In Vitro gas production assessement of Panicum maximum incubated with Leucaena leucocephala at varying proportions to predict the nutritional value for ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.

Effect of feeding different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of WLH layers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Raja Kumari K ◽  
Ravinder Reddy V ◽  
Chinni Preetham V ◽  
Srinivas Kumar ◽  
D.Sen A.R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A trial was conducted to evaluate the requirement of digestible lysine at various protein levels in the diet of WLH layers (BV-300) from 25-44 weeks of age. Layers (528) were fed with diets containing two protein levels i.e. 13.36 and 15.78 % each with 5 % concentration variations of lysine (0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, and 0.70) and a control with 17 % CP and 0.70 % lysine. Each diet was fed to six replicates of eight birds. Egg production, feed intake, body weight were not influenced either by the concentration of lysine or by level of protein in diet. Increased (P d” 0.05) egg weight and egg mass were observed with increasing lysine in diets. Better feed efficiency was observed with increasing lysine concentration. It can be concluded that WLH layers require approximately 0.65% lysine with 13.36% CP or 0.63% lysine with 15.78% CP (i.e. 598.80 vs 570 mg/h/day) in diet.

Effect of dietary nutrient concentration on the performance of hens beginning lay in early summer

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Pell ◽  
RW Polkinghorne
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Hens of 2 laying strains were fed ad libitum from 20 to 72 weeks of age on 3 diets of different nutrient concentration. The start of lay coincided with the onset of the hot summer. During summer, birds on the diet with high nutrient concentration (HNC, 19% protein, 12.6 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg) had significantly higher intakes of ME (3% higher) and other nutrients than did those on the diets of medium (MNC, 18% protein, 11.7 MJ ME/kg) and low (LNC, 16% protein, 11.4 MJ ME/kg) nutrient concentration. Egg weight. egg mass and feed efficiency were greater on the HNC diet than on the MNC and LNC diets. Birds on the HNC diet produced more eggs (10% more) than those on the LNC diet. Over the cooler periods, feed intakes were inversely related to energy level, with no dietary effects on egg production. It is concluded that grain- and meat meal-based diets of low nutrient concentrations are unlikely to support maximum performance in early lay in hot conditions and that increased dietary nutrient concentrations can improve performance via increased nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrations of energy, crude protein, lysine, and methionine on the performance of White Leghorn layers in the tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Rama Rao ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
T. Srilatha ◽  
A.K. Panda ◽  
M.V.L.N. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
The Tropics

The diet selection of lambs offered food choices of different nutrient density

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S.D.B. Cooper ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection Of

Cropper (1987) considered the influence of the ‘bulkiness’ of foods upon the diet selections made by growing lambs. The food pairs offered differed in both crude protein (CP) concentration and digestibility. The lambs offered such choices did not completely avoid the more bulky food, which would have been expected from an optimal foraging point of view (Krebs & McCleery, 1984). This led to the suggestion that the consumption of small quantities of the more bulky food was beneficial to the lamb, perhaps to maintain rumen function. The foods used in Cropper's (1987) experiment had different metabolisable energy concentrations and so the ratio of protein:energy would have varied between foods, thus these lambs may have attempted to select diets in order to achieve a specific ratio of such nutrients.The objective of this experiment was to test whether nutrient density (concentrations of protein and energy) has an influence upon diet selection. This was achieved by offering pairs of foods with different nutrient densities but a constant ratio of metabolisable protein (MP): metabolisable energy.

PSIII-3 Metabolizable utilization of energy and protein for egg production by addition of dried citrus pulp and eggshell into diet for laying quails (coturnix japonica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Carlos Alfredo Gaona Rodríguez ◽  
Hugo Bernal Barragán ◽  
Nydia Corina Vásquez Aguilar ◽  
Estela Garza Brenner ◽  
Néstor Arce Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding 0% (T1), 6% (T2), 12% (T3) and 18% (T4) of a mixture (83% dried citrus pulp (DCP) and 17% eggshell) into a sorghum-soybean meal-limestone based diet for laying quails, on production efficiency and quality of egg. Thirty-two quails were individually housed and randomly assigned (n = 8) to the four experimental diets, during the first 5 week of the laying cycle. Quail LW and feed intake were recorded weekly. Produced eggs were weighed (n = 457) and egg mass production recorded. Proportions of albumen, yolk and shell, egg yolk color, and shell thickness, were determined (n = 55/treatment). On week 5, total excreta of 24 laying quails (n = 6) were collected throughout 96 h, to determine metabolizable utilization of DM, energy, crude protein and ash. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS® software. Initial and final LW, feed intake and egg production were similar (P &gt;0.05) among treatments. Egg mass was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than T4. Egg weight of quails fed T1 and T2 was higher than others (P &lt; 0.05). The eggshell of quails fed T2 was thicker (248 vs 236 μm; P &lt; 0.05) than T1. Eggshell proportion of quails fed the mixture was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in T1 (11.3 vs 10.5%). Yolk proportion of T1 was higher (P &lt; 0.05). The b* parameter was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for T1. Metabolizable utilization of dietary DM (72.1%) and energy (68.8%) of T1 was 13% higher (P &lt; 0.05) than T4, however protein (avg 41.4%) and ash (avg 46.7%) utilization were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, adding up to 12% of the mixture (83% DCP and 17% eggshell) in quail diets, resulted in similar egg production parameters, and metabolizable utilization of dietary DM, crude protein, energy and ash, however improved thickness of eggshell, compared to the control diet.

scholarly journals The effect of non-phytate phosphorus and phytase levels on performance, egg and tibia quality, and pH of the digestive tract in hens fed higher-calcium-content diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
V. Skřivanová ◽  
M. Skřivan
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Tibia Bone ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus

The effect of three levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) (3.0, 2.1, and 1.7 g/kg) and two levels of 3-phytase (F) (0 and 150 phytase units (FTU)/kg) together with a high dietary calcium concentration (approximately 41.0 g/kg) on the performance characteristics, egg quality, pH of the digestive tract, and tibia bone quality of ISA Brown hens housed in enriched cages was evaluated. The diets with 3.0 g/kg of NPP with and without F and 2.1 g/kg of NPP with 150 FTU of F significantly increased egg production (P = 0.022) and daily egg mass production (P = 0.030). A low level of NPP decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the body weight of hens at the end of the experiment. The highest values of albumen height (P &lt; 0.001), albumen index (P = 0.004), Haugh units (P = 0.001), and albumen percentage (P = 0.004) were associated with the diet with the low level of dietary NPP without F addition. The low level of NPP with 3-phytase increased the calcium and phosphorus contents in eggshells (P = 0.002 and P = 0.050). The lowest values of dry matter (P &lt; 0.001) and ash content in tibia bone (P = 0.040) were measured for the hens fed the diet with 3.0 g/kg of NPP and 3-phytase supplementation. In addition, the low level of phosphorus without F addition increased (P = 0.031) the pH value in the small intestine to 6.21. In conclusion, 2.1 g of NPP with 150 FTU was found to be sufficient in the diet of hens in the middle of the laying cycle housed in enriched cages. But with respect to egg quality, higher calcium content decreased positive effect of F addition in diets with different levels of phosphorus. &nbsp;

Nutritional value of triticale for different classes of White Leghorn chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Zombade ◽  
J. S. Chawla ◽  
J. S. Ichhponani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Food Conversion

SUMMARYThree varieties of triticale (TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319) bred by the Plant Breeding Department of Punjab Agricultural University were studied for nutrient composition and metabolizable energy (ME) content for egg-type chicks. A feeding trial was also conducted to study the suitability of triticale as a replacement for maize in conventional high- and low-cereal diets for different classes of egg-type chickens.The crude protein contents of TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319 were respectively 13·4,14·4 and 2·1%. Corresponding values for starch content were 51·5, 49·2 and 54·3%, respectively. ME in triticale varieties closely followed the trend of starch content. Accordingly TL-319 was higher in ME (13·58 MJ/kg D.M.) than TL-238 and TL-257 (12·91 and 12·49 MJ/kg D.M. respectively). There were no significant differences in body-weight gain or in food conversion of chicks fed diets containing different varieties of triticale. The substitution of triticale for maize in a conventional high-cereal diet improved growth and food conversion of starter chicks. In a low-cereal diet, however, triticale had an adverse effect on the growth rate and food conversion of starter chicks. At the end of 18 weeks of age, the differences in body-weight gain, food conversion and efficiency of protein utilization by chicks on all the treatments were not significantly different (P > 0·05). Results of the production phase showed that egg production, egg mass, food conversion and energetic efficiency were significantly (P < 0·05) improved by feeding triticale.

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