Reclamation of a saline/sodic soil by aquifer pumping, application of tillage and gypsum and reuse of saline groundwater

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
A Site ◽  
Piezometric Pressure

In the Goulburn Valley, at a site near Tongala, Vic., shallow perched watertables receded from 18 to 135 cm below the surface and the piezometric pressure was reduced from 16 to 180 cm below the surface in a saline/sodic soil 3 months from the start of pumping. Consequently soil salinity was reduced from ECe 12.3 to 7.3 dS/m in the top 30 cm under 1 15 mm ofrainfall. Further reduction in salinity to ECe 3 dS/m was achieved after 19 months. The presence of electrolytes in irrigation water preserved soil permeability during the irrigation season, while gypsum was beneficial during the winter rainfall season. Perennial pasture was established 11 months after pumping commenced. Weeds that originally dominated the site disappeared, while clover produced 70% of total dry matter.

The effects of saline irrigation water and gypsum on perennial pasture grown on a sodic, clay soil at Kerang, Victoria

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Mount ◽  
DL Schuppan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Saline Effluents

During five consecutive irrigation seasons at Kerang, Victoria, saline effluents were used to irrigate perennial pasture grown on a heavy clay, sodic soil. The nominal effluent salinities were 6000; 4000; 2400; 1600; 800 and 100 mg l-1 total soluble salt (TSS). After five seasons there were no significant differences in pasture dry matter yields between the 100 and 800 or 1600 mg l-1 TSS effluent treatments. In the fifth season there was a significantly higher (5 per cent) dry matter yield in the 800 mg l-1 TSS treatment when compared with the 1600 mg I-1 TSS treatment. With effluents above 1600 mg l-1 TSS, the higher the salinity the lower the pasture dry matter yield. The reason for the effluent of 800 and 1600 mg l-1 TSS producing similar yields to the 100 mg I-1 TSS is probably explained by the effects of electrolytes on soil permeability. Dry matter response to gypsum was not significant in the fourth and fifth seasons. In the second and third seasons there were significant responses at 10 and 20 t ha-1 respectively. There were no significant interactions between saline irrigations and gypsum applications. Medicago sativa (lucerne) and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) proved valuable species under saline and sodic conditions. The percentage of Agropyron elongaturn (tall wheat grass) increased with salinity whereas the clover content decreased.

scholarly journals Calcium-Enriched Animal Manure Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiology and Nutrients Homeostasis of Zea mays L.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Niamat ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Growth Physiology

Soil salinity and sodicity are among the main problems for optimum crop production in areas where rainfall is not enough for leaching of salts out of the rooting zone. Application of organic and Ca-based amendments have the potential to increase crop yield and productivity under saline–alkaline soil environments. Based on this hypothesis, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of compost, Ca-based fertilizer industry waste (Ca-FW), and Ca-fortified compost (Ca-FC) to increase growth and yield of maize under saline–sodic soil conditions. Saline–sodic soil conditions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 15, were developed by spiking soil with a solution containing NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. Results showed that soil salinity and sodicity significantly reduced plant growth, yield, physiological, and nutrient uptake parameters. However, the application of Ca-FC caused a remarkable increase in the studied parameters of maize at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1 as compared to the control. In addition, Ca-FC caused the maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in shoot up to 85.1%, 71.79%, and 70.37% at EC levels of 1.6, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Moreover, nutrient uptake (NPK) was also significantly increased with the application of Ca-FC under normal as well as saline–sodic soil conditions. It is thus inferred that the application of Ca-FC could be an effective amendment to enhance growth, yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake in maize under saline–sodic soil conditions constituting the novelty of this work.

scholarly journals Five-Year Experimental Study on Effectiveness and Sustainability of a Dry Drainage System for Controlling Soil Salinity

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changshu Wang ◽  
Jingwei Wu ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Jiesheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Salinity Control ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Salt Crust ◽  
To Receive

The dry drainage system (DDS) is an alternative technique for controlling salinization. To quantify its role in soil salinity control, a five-year field observation from 2007 to 2011 was completed in a 2900 ha experimental plot in Yonglian Experimental Station, Hetao Irrigation District, China. Results showed that the groundwater table depth in the fallow areas quickly responded to the lateral recharge from the surrounding croplands during irrigation events. The groundwater electrical conductivity (GEC) of fallow areas increased from 5 mS·cm−1 to 15 mS·cm−1, whereas the GEC below croplands produced small fluctuations. The analysis of water and salt balance showed that the excess water that moved to fallow was roughly four times that moved by an artificial drainage system and with 7.7 times the corresponding salt. The fallow areas act as a drainage repository to receive excess water and salt from surrounding irrigated croplands. Slight salt accumulation occurred in irrigated croplands and salts accumulated, with an accelerating trend over the final two years. The evaporation capability weakened, partly due to the salt crust in the topsoil, and the decrease in soil permeability in the soil column, which was almost impermeable to water. Using halophytes may be an effective method to remove salts that have accumulated in fallow areas, having great economic and ecological value. A DDS may be effective and sustainable in situations where the fallow areas can sustain an upward capillary flux from planted halophytes.

Impact on soil hydraulic properties resulting from irrigating saline–sodic soils with low salinity water

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Bethune ◽  
T. J. Batey
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Irrigation-induced salinity is a serious problem facing irrigated areas in the Murray–Darling Basin of Australia. Groundwater pumping with farm re-use for irrigation is a key strategy for controlling salinity in these irrigation areas. However, the re-use of highly saline–sodic groundwater for irrigation leads to accumulation of sodium in the soil profile and can result in sodic soils. Leaching of saline–sodic soils by winter rainfall and low salinity irrigation waters are 2 management scenarios likely to exacerbate sodicity problems. Characteristic to sodic soils is poor soil structure and potentially reduced soil permeability. Two indicators of soil permeability are infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity. A replicated plot experiment was conducted to examine the long-term impact of irrigation with saline–sodic water on soil permeability. High levels of soil sodicity (ESP up to 45%) resulted from 10 years of saline irrigation. Over this period, leaching by winter rainfall did not result in long-term impacts on soil hydraulic properties. Measured soil hydraulic properties increased linearly with the salinity of the applied irrigation water. Leaching by irrigating with low salinity water for 13 months decreased soil salinity and sodicity in the topsoil. The resulting reduction in steady-state infiltration indicates soil structural decline of the topsoil. This trial shows that groundwater re-use on pasture will result in high sodium levels in the soil. Sodicity-related soil structural problems are unlikely to develop where there is consistent groundwater irrigation of pasture. However, structural decline of these soils is likely following the cessation of groundwater re-use.

Response of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) to short-term flooding in a moderately sodic soil under field conditions

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sharma ◽  
A. Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion Rate

SUMMARYA field study in India in 1987 evaluated the effects of flooding at either tillering (25 days after sowing) or flowering (50 days after sowing) or at both on growth, yield and mineral composition of Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke in a moderately sodic soil (pH 8·5, exchangeable Na 18%).Flooding for 1, 2, 4 or 6 days at tillering or flowering significantly reduced tillering, plant height, dry matter content, ear length and 1000-grain weight and resulted in a 6·3, 150, 21·6 or 26·6% reduction in grain yield, respectively. Flooding decreased oxygen diffusion rate, restricted root growth and decreased ion uptake, especially of N, P, K and Zn, and led to higher absorption of Na, Fe and Mn. The detrimental effects were greater when the crop was flooded at both stages.

EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) CROP YIELD AND SOIL SALINITY IN A SEMI-ARID AREA OF NORTH INDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY SINGH ◽  
SUDHINDRA NATH PANDA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Water Source ◽  
North India ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Groundwater

SUMMARYThe groundwater in some parts of north India is generally saline and not suitable for drinking. However, it can be used for growing salt-tolerant crop plants. To explore the potential of using saline groundwater for farm production, a field experiment was conducted at Shahpur village, near Hisar in Haryana State, India, to study the effect of different qualities of irrigation water on mustard (Brassica juncea, cv. RH–30) crop growth, yield, water use efficiency and soil salinity. Treatments consisted of combinations of irrigation with saline groundwater (electrical conductivity (EC) 7.48 dS m−1), and a good quality canal water (EC 0.4 dS m−1) applied either alone, as blends or in alternate applications. In all treatments, canal water was used for pre-sowing irrigation. In mustard cultivation, saline groundwater with an EC of 7.48 dS m−1 can be used safely to supplement all post-sowing irrigations with marginal decline in crop yield. Irrigation with saline groundwater gave a yield as high as 95% of the optimum crop yield obtained with fresh canal water. The temporal variation in salinity showed that mustard yield responds to the average salinity of the soil during the growing season. Thus saline groundwater is a good water source to exploit for supplemental irrigation.

Digesta flow and mineral absorption in lambs before and after weaning

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dillon ◽  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Route ◽  
A Site

SummaryFour young lambs fitted with cannulas at the pylorus and at the ileo-caecal junction were used to study the effects of weaning on digesta flow and mineral absorption. Prior to weaning when milk alone was fed the small intestine was the major site for dry matter disappearance and for the absorption of Ca, P, Na and K. Both the small and the large intestine were, however, important sites for Mg absorption at this time.After weaning, when the lambs were fed a concentrate diet, at least two-thirds of the digested dry matter disappeared within the reticulo-rumen. The small intestine, however, still remained the major site for the absorption of Ca, P, Na and K. Most Mg absorption, in contrast, now occurred anterior to the pylorus and it would appear that the move from hindgut to foregut as a site for Mg absorption was directly associated with the introduction of dry feed and the development of fermentative digestion within the reticulo-rumen.Both before and after weaning the faeces was the major route for the excretion of Ca surplus to requirement and the faeces also became increasingly important as a pathway for P and Mg excretion once dry feed was given. The urine, in contrast, was consistently the major pathway for the excretion of Na and K.

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