Monitoring the performance of a broad-based calibration for measuring the nutritive value of two independent populations of pasture using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Smith ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective method for the measurement of organic constituents of agricultural products. NIR is widely used to measure feed quality around the world and is gaining acceptance in Australia. This study describes the development of an NIR calibration to measure crude protein (CP), predicted in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in temperate pasture species grown in south-western Victoria. A subset of 116 samples was selected on the basis of spectral characteristics from 461 pasture samples grown in 1987-89. Several grass and legume species were present in the population. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used on the 116 samples to develop calibration equations with standard errors of 0.8,2.3 and 2.2% for CP, NDF and IVDMD, respectively. When these equations were tested on 2 independent pasture populations, a significant bias existed between NIR and reference values for 2 constituents in each population, indicating that the calibration samples did not adequately represent the new populations for these constituents. The results also showed that the H statistic alone was inadequate as an indicator of equation performance. It was confirmed that it was possible to develop a broad-based calibration to measure accurately the nutritive value of closed populations of temperate pasture species. For the resulting equations to be used for analysis of other populations, however, they must be monitored by comparing reference and NIR analyses on a small number of samples to check for the presence of bias or a significant increase in unexplained error.

Determination of Moisture in Cheddar Cheese by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L Wehling ◽  
Michelle M Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Validation Set

Abstract Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the moisture content of Cheddar cheese. Through multiple linear regression analysis, a 3-wavelength calibration was developed for use with a commercial filter monochromator instrument. For a validation set of 47 samples, the correlation coefficient squared (r2) between the NIR and oven moisture methods was 0.92, with a standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.38%. Sample temperature was found to significantly affect the spectral response; therefore, it was necessary to equilibrate all samples to a uniform temperature prior to NIR analysis. Aging may also affect the NIR characteristics of cheese, although it was possible to develop a successful calibration that encompassed a wide range of aging times

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics of annual Trifolium legumes and nutritive values as predicted by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
R. L. Ison ◽  
R. C. Kellaway ◽  
C. Stimson ◽  
G. Annison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Stem Leaf

A range of annual legume genotypes comprising one line of Trifolium subterraneum, four lines of T. michelianum, 11 of T. resupinatum var. resupinatum, and one line of T. resupinatum var. majus were grown in glasshouses under temperature regimes of 10−15°C and 16−21°C. Dry matter (DM) weights of stem, leaf, and flower tissues were measured when plants had six nodes, at first flower appearance, and at senescence. All samples were scanned by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). One-third of the samples, covering the range of spectral characteristics, were analysed for in vitro digestible organic matter (DOMD), organic matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lignin, cellulose, and the hemicellulosic polysaccharide monomers arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose. These data were used to develop calibration equations from which the composition of the remaining samples was predicted by NIRS. The higher temperature resulted in plants reaching respective phenological stages earlier, but did not affect either DM yields of total plant, stem, leaf, and petiole tissues or the proportions of each fraction. In vitro DOMD and arabinose and galactose levels decreased, while lignin, cellulose, NDF, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose levels increased with advancing maturity. In vitro DOMD was positively associated with contents of CP, arabinose, galactose, and the arabinose/xylose ratio and was negatively associated with contents of lignin, cellulose, NDF, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose. Lignin contents were highly correlated with levels of both xylose and mannose. Stems were more digestible than leaves in subterranean clover and T. resupinatum var. majus. The study also demonstrated that NIRS can be used routinely as a quick, inexpensive, and reliable laboratory technique to predict feed components of annual Trifolium legumes.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectra of gliricidia provenances

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
S.J. Lister ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
J.L. Stewart ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of

The chemical composition of tropical forages is generally more complex than that of temperate forages, yet the need for simple methods to predict nutritive value is greater. Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectra could provide a possible solution. NIR has been used to predict both in vitro and in vivo digestibility (Murray, 1993). Direct calibration with in vivo parameters is ideal, but factors such as different types of forages, animals and management conditions have to be taken into consideration. The gas production technique, which may be considered as an in vitro counterpart of the dacron bag technique, provides information relating to the fermentable fractions and kinetics of a forage and these parameters can be related to the NIR spectra. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NIR spectra and cumulative gas production and derived parameters in tree leaves.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectra of gliricidia provenances

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
S.J. Lister ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
J.L. Stewart ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of

The chemical composition of tropical forages is generally more complex than that of temperate forages, yet the need for simple methods to predict nutritive value is greater. Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectra could provide a possible solution. NIR has been used to predict both in vitro and in vivo digestibility (Murray, 1993). Direct calibration with in vivo parameters is ideal, but factors such as different types of forages, animals and management conditions have to be taken into consideration. The gas production technique, which may be considered as an in vitro counterpart of the dacron bag technique, provides information relating to the fermentable fractions and kinetics of a forage and these parameters can be related to the NIR spectra. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NIR spectra and cumulative gas production and derived parameters in tree leaves.

Factors affecting the intake of grass silage by cattle and prediction of silage intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
F. J. Gordon ◽  
L. E. R. Dawson ◽  
R. S. Park ◽  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

AbstractA partially balanced change-over design experiment involving 192 beef steers, which were initially 14 months old and 415 kg live weight, was carried out to determine the intakes of 136 silages from commercial farms in Northern Ireland. Each silage was offered ad libitum as the sole food to 10 animals, with eight silages offered in each of 17 periods over 2 years. A standard grass hay was offered to 16 animals in each period to enable period effects on intake to be removed. Detailed chemical and biological compositions of the silages were also determined. The ranges for pH and dry matter (DM), crude protein, ammonia-nitrogen and apparent digestible organic matter (in vivo) concentrations in the silages and silage dry DM intakes were 3·50 to 5·49 (s.d. 0·396); 155 to 413 (s.d. 43·1) g/kg; 79 to 212 (s.d. 24·4) g/kg DM; 45 to 384 (s.d. 63·2) g/kg total nitrogen; 528 to 769 (s.d. 58) g/kg DM and 4·3 to 10·9 (s.d. 1·13) kg/day respectively. Relationships between intake and individual parameters or groups of parameters have been developed using simple and multiple linear regression analysis and partial least-squares analyses. Silage intake was closely related to factors which influence the extent of digestion and rate of passage of the material through the animal, as indicated by the strong relationships (R2 of regressions = 0·28 to 0·50) with in vivo apparent digestibility and rumen degradability and the concentrations of the fibre and nitrogen factors. Intake was poorly correlated with factors such as pH, total acidity, buffering capacity and the concentrations of lactic, acetic and butyric acids (R2 of regressions = zero to 0·11). Near infrared reflectance spectrometry (NIRS) provided the best fit relationship with intake (R2 of relationship = 0·90). The results also indicate that the intake potential of silages can be directly predicted with a high degree of accuracy from the NIRS of both dried and undried samples of silage, provided the appropriate sample preparation and scanning methods are used.

Nondestructive Analysis for Nitrogens of Soils by near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A87-A91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Cho ◽  
G. Lin ◽  
Y. K. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Filter Type ◽  
Non Destructive

Traditional wet analytical method such as the gravimetric, Kjeldahl or Walkley-Black method are still the most widely used for determining the organic matter (OM), moisture and notal nitrogen (T–N) content of soils. However, these are time-consuming, high in cost and labour intensive as well producing harmfull pollutants making the method undesirable for field measurement. Over three years we have been working on the development of a non-destructive on-site analyser for measuring OM, moisture and T–N. In this research we investigated the possibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the non-destructive analysis of T–N, inorganic and available nitrogen in domestic soil samples.85 soil samples of upland over the Kyungpook prefecture were colledted to make a calibration and validation. Dried soil samples were packed in the closed-cup and the NIR spectra data was measured from 1100–2500 nm using a scanning type NIR instrum, InfraAlyzer 500 and filter type NIR instrument, InfraAlyzer 400, which has a modified sample compartment. Multiple linear regression analysis between the content of soil properties determined by the traditional method and the NIR spectral data were conducted to develop an non-destructive analysing equation for T–N, inorganic and available nitrogen. In the case of the scanning type, the standard error or prediction were 0.028%. 1.7 mg−1 and 1.1 mg−1 for T–N, inorganic and available nitrogen respectively. The prediction results in the filter type appeared to have the same accuracy as the scanning type. It is concluded that NIR spectroscopy could be used to predict soil nitrogen compounds such as total nitrogen, inorganic and available nitrogen non-destructively.

On-line application of visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict physical and sensory characteristics of beef quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
N Prieto ◽  
D W Ross ◽  
E A Navajas ◽  
G Nute ◽  
R I Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Meat Samples

Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) has been widely used by the industry research-base for large-scale meat quality evaluation to predict the chemical composition of meat quickly and accurately. Meat tenderness is measured by means of slow and destructive methods (e.g. Warner-Bratzler shear force). Similarly, sensory analysis, using trained panellists, requires large meat samples and is a complex, expensive and time-consuming technique. Nevertheless, these characteristics are important criteria that affect consumers’ evaluation of beef quality. Vis-NIR technique provides information about the molecular bonds (chemical constituents) and tissue ultra-structure in a scanned sample and thus can indirectly predict physical or sensory parameters of meat samples. Applications of Vis-NIR spectroscopy in an abattoir for prediction of physical and sensory characteristics have been less developed than in other fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the on-line Vis-NIR spectroscopy for the prediction of beef quality characteristics such as colour, instrumental texture, water holding capacity (WHC) and sensory traits, by direct application of a fibre-optic probe to the M. longissimus thoracis with no prior sample treatment.

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