Investigation of flowering in Banksia baxteri R. Br. and B. hookeriana Meissner for improving pruning practices

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Rohl ◽  
AM Fuss ◽  
JA Dhaliwal ◽  
MG Webb ◽  
BB Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Floral initiation and development in relation to time of flowering were investigated in Banksia baxteri and B. hookeriana with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. Floral initiation occurred in spring in B. baxteri and in early summer in B. hookeriana. Floral development was rapid in B. baxteri (3 months to reach anthesis in summer). In B. hookeriana, development took 5 months, with anthesis occurring in winter. Most B. hookeriana blooms were produced on 2-year-old shoots, while B. baxteri produced about half of its blooms on 2-year-old shoots and almost as many on 3-year-old shoots. In both species, shoots that flowered within 2 years were longer and thicker in their first year than other shoots. A critical minimum stem length was determined for the first year's growth, to be used as a criterion for determining which shoots to remove during pruning. Details are provided for the timing of pruning to achieve maximum bloom production in B. baxteri and B. hookeriana.

Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: a new element in our understanding of basal Araceae

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Scanning Electron

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Anthurium jenmanii Engl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of A. jenmanii consists of more than 100 flowers arranged in recognizable spirals. Each flower has four broad tepals enclosing four stamens that are not visible prior to anthesis. The gynoecium consists of two carpels. The floral primordia are first initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence, they then increase in size and appear as transversely extended bulges. The two lateral tepals are the first organs to be initiated, followed shortly thereafter by the two median tepals. The two lateral stamens are initiated first, directly opposite the lateral tepals, and are followed by two median stamens initiated directly opposite the median tepals. A two-lobed stigma is clearly visible during the early stages of development of the gynoecium. On some of the young inflorescences, all floral parts were covered by extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. The release of these prismatic crystals occurs before the stamens and petals have reached maturity. The mode of floral development observed in Anthurium has similarities with that reported for Gymnostachys . However, contrary to Gymnostachys, the development of the flower of A. jenmanii is not unidirectional.

Floral morphology and morphogenesis in Sanguisorba (Rosaceae): flower diversification despite petal reduction and spatial constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ru Wang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Na Su ◽  
Qiu-Jie Li ◽  
Xiao-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Most Rosaceae flowers are pentamerous and have petals, but subtribe Sanguisorbinae have small tetramerous (or trimerous) flowers without petals, and their floral morphology and morphogenesis remain poorly known. We investigated the floral development of three Sanguisorba spp. using scanning electron microscopy to clarify the relationship between floral development and mature flowers, with emphasis on floral constraints affecting reduction of petals, diversity of androecial patterns and the development of the gynoecium and ovule, and to clarify the pollination mechanisms in the absence of petals. All species have botryoids, with numerous flowers initiated acropetally, and the maturation of flowers follows different directions. All flowers are tetramerous and sepals emerge pairwise. No petal primordia appear. Antesepalous stamens are initiated in a pairwise manner; only S. hakusanensis has a second whorl. The ovary appears inferior by development of a cystiform hypanthium. There is only one ovule with a single integument by reduction of the inner. The space occupied by the larger sepals forces the stamens to develop sequentially. Our data demonstrate that petals are basically absent and that there is a possible shift of pollination mechanisms in Sanguisorba among the mainly wind-pollinated Sanguisorbinae, as both anemophilous and entomophilous characters are found in this genus.

Floral development in Daviesia cordata (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Mirbelieae) and its systematic implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prenner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
First Record ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scanning Electron

The floral development of Daviesia cordata Smith is studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy. This is the first study of a member of Mirbelieae. Although organ initiation in Papilionoideae is said to be almost uniformly unidirectional from the abaxial to the adaxial side, the presented floral development shows striking differences from this mode. Sepals, petals and the antepetalous stamens are initiated in simultaneous whorls, which is seen as a consequence of harmonisation of the plastochrons within the whorls. The antesepalous stamens are initiated unidirectional from the adaxial to the abaxial side, which is the reversed direction of the common mode of Papilionoideae. This is the first record of reversed unidirectionality in Papilionoideae, which can be linked with isolated findings in Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Concerning developmental aspects, the results seem to link the papilionoid flower closer to those of Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Further developmental studies are necessary to broaden the data matrix for a detailed phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHRYSANTHEMUM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 649f-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam G. Karlsson ◽  
Janice T. Hanscom
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Scanning Electron

The progression of flower initiation was documented in Dendranthema X grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitamura `Bright Golden Anne'. Rooted cuttings were planted and grown under 16 hours photoperiod (360 μmol·s-1m-2) and a constant 20C. After 7 days, the plants were pinched, the temperature reduced to 5, 10 or 15C and the day length shortened to 10 hours (13 mol·day-1m-2). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the transition from vegetative to reproductive meristem and to document the flower formation process. Shoot apices from three randomly selected plants were dissected weekly from each temperature until plants had developed floret primordia to completely cover the apical dome. Delayed floral development in the low temperature grown plants was a combination of a later flower initiation event and a slower progression of flower development. Required time for formation of 3-4 rows with floret primordia was about 21 days at 15C, 32 days at 10C and 70 days at 5C.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy of Floral Initiation in Sweet Cherry

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Guimond ◽  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower initiation and development in `Bing' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was examined using scanning electron microscopy. There was a 1- to 2-week difference in the time of initiation of flower buds on summer pruned current season shoots (P) compared to buds borne on unpruned shoots (U) or spurs (S). By late July, this difference was obvious in morphological development. The P buds had already formed floral primordia, while the S and U buds showed little differentiation in the meristem until early August. In general, buds from unpruned shoots were similar developmentally to spur buds. By late August, primordial differentiation was similar in the buds from all the wood types; however, buds from pruned shoots were significantly larger (838 μm) than buds from spurs (535 μm) and unpruned shoots (663 μm). Early summer pruning may shift allocation of resources from terminal shoot elongation to reproductive meristem development at the base of current season shoots. The similarity in reproductive bud development between spurs and unpruned shoots, given the difference in active terminal growth, might suggest that developmental resources are inherently more limiting in reproductive buds on spurs.

scholarly journals Floral Initiation and Development in Sisyrinchium bermudiana

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
G.L. Roberts ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
J. Gerrath
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sisyrinchium bemudiana L. plants were grown in growth chambers under lo-hour short-day regimes. Scanning electron microscopy of shoot apices collected at biweekly intervals showed that the transition from vegetative to floral status occurs after 10 weeks of short days. Stamens and tepals develop first as common stamentepal primordia that then bifurcate to form outer tepals with stamens opposite. Subsequently, the inner tepals are initiated in an alternate pattern.

Resin mould technique for Scanning Electron Microscopy of floral initiation and development in Proteaceae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
Steven Dupee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Dental Impression ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper illustrates the use of a replicating technique with SEM for distinct floral morphogenesis in two flower species. The initiation of floral apices and flower development have been studied intwo important cut flower crops, Telopea speciosissima and Protea cynaroides. The replicating technique using a dental impression material and Spurr's resin gives good results in monitoringthe development of Protea flower heads. When coitpared with other techniques, this one was preferred due to simpleprocedures, lack of shrinkage and collapse of cells, very little distortion and significant detail of individual flowers.

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopy of floral initiation and developmental stages in Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under water deficits

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Engin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Flower Bud Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of different irrigation conditions on flower bud development of the sweet cherry cv. ‘0900 Ziraat' was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Flower bud development was compared in three irrigation treatments. Control trees (I100) were irrigated at approximately 100% ET. Stress treatments received 50% (I50) and 20% (I20) of the water applied to the control. The rate of flower bud initiation at the stage of differentiation of sepal, petal, stamen and pistil primordia was considerably slower at I20 as compared to the more irrigated treatments. Also, when water was not provided in the next year, flower bud initiation and differentiation was delayed. These results suggested that the lower the irrigation, the slower the progression of flower differentiation.   Key words: Floral initiation, Bud differentiation, Irrigation, Prunus avium, Sweet cherry doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1558 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 15-19, 2008 (June)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document