Harvest index combined with impaired N availability constrains the responsiveness of durum wheat to elevated CO2 concentration and terminal water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Alvaro Sanz-Sáez ◽  
Amadeo Urdiain ◽  
Jose L. Araus ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

Despite its relevance, few studies to date have analysed the role of harvest index (HI) in the responsiveness of wheat (Triticum spp.) to elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) under limited water availability. The goal of the present work was to characterise the role of HI in the physiological responsiveness of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) exposed to elevated [CO2] and terminal (i.e. during grain filling) water stress. For this purpose, the performance of wheat plants with high versus low HI (cvv. Sula and Blanqueta, respectively) was assessed under elevated [CO2] (700 μmol mol–1 vs 400 μmol mol–1 CO2) and terminal water stress (imposed after ear emergence) in CO2 greenhouses. Leaf carbohydrate build-up combined with limitations in CO2 diffusion (in droughted plants) limited the responsiveness to elevated [CO2] in both cultivars. Elevated [CO2] only increased wheat yield in fully watered Sula plants, where its larger HI prevented an elevated accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates. It is likely that the putative shortened grain filling period in plants exposed to water stress also limited the responsiveness of plants to elevated [CO2]. In summary, our study showed that even under optimal water availability conditions, only plants with a high HI responded to elevated [CO2] with increased plant growth, and that terminal drought constrained the responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated [CO2].

scholarly journals Tomato-Pseudomonas syringae interactions under elevated CO2 concentration: the role of stomata

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
S. Shao ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
G. J. Ahammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Leaf Structure of Brassica Juncea under Water Stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Uprety ◽  
N. Dwivedi ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
G. Paswan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

scholarly journals Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO2 Concentration

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik L. Jensen ◽  
Karen Yangüez ◽  
Frédéric Carrière ◽  
Brigitte Gontero
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids ◽  
Increased Activity

Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms—Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa—found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.

Grain protein as a post-harvest index of N sufficiency for hard red spring wheat in the semiarid prairies

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Post Harvest

Results from fertilizer trials with hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) conducted throughout southwestern Saskatchewan under fallow and cereal stubble cropping conditions were used to determine if grain prote in concentration (GPC) could be used as an index of N sufficiency to the crop. Critical GPC were determined using the Cate-Nelson R2 procedure. Grain yield and protein concentration were negatively correlated under stubble and for fallow cropping when yields were below 2858 kg ha–1 ± 179, with grain protein decreasing by 15 mg g–1 for every 1000kg ha–1 yield increase. In these two groups of observations, water and N availability, N yield and grain produced per unit N available suggested that water availability was the dominant factor limiting grain yield. For the portion of fallow observations in which grain yields were higher than 2858 kg ha–1, water availability was not limiting, and N availability controlled grain yield and protein concentration. In this group, a GPC of 128 mg g–1 (range of 123 to 135 mg g–1) marked the transition between N deficiency and sufficiency. Under stubble cropping and for the lower-yielding portion of the fallow cropping system, where water stress was predominant, the Cate-Nelson analysis identified critical protein concentrations of 160 and 154 mg g–1, respectively. However, these critical concentrations separated populations into moderately and severely water-stressed crops, rather than providing a separation based on N availability. We concluded that GPC as a post-harvest index of N sufficiency must be used with caution in southwestern Saskatchewan. Grain protein concentration below the critical limit of 128 mg g–1 is a reliable indicator of low N sufficiency, but high grain protein does not necessarily imply N sufficiency because, frequently, grain yield and protein concentration are negatively correlated due to water stress. Key words: Yield, protein, N availability, critical levels, water stress

scholarly journals Spermine mediated improvements on stomatal features, growth, grain filling and yield of rice under differing water availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarami Berahim ◽  
Deivaseeno Dorairaj ◽  
Mohamad Husni Omar ◽  
Halimi Mohd Saud ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Grass Family

AbstractRice which belongs to the grass family is vulnerable to water stress. As water resources get limited, the productivity of rice is affected especially in granaries located at drought prone areas. It would be even worse in granaries located in drought prone areas such as KADA that receives the lowest rainfall in Malaysia. Spermine (SPM), a polyamine compound that is found ubiquitiosly in plants is involved in adaptation of biotic and abiotic stresses. The effect of SPM on growth,grain filling and yield of rice at three main granaries namely, IADA BLS, MADA and KADA representing unlimited water, limited water and water stress conditions respectively, were tested during the main season. Additinally, the growth enhancer was also tested during off season at KADA. Spermine increased plant height, number of tillers per hill and chlorophyll content in all three granaries. Application of SPM improved yield by 38, 29 and 20% in MADA, KADA and IADA BLS, respectively. Harvest index showed 2.6, 6 and 16% increases at IADA BLS, KADA and MADA, respectively in SPM treated plants as compared to untreated. Except for KADA which showed a reduction in yield at 2.54 tha−1, SPM improved yield at MADA, 7.21 tha−1 and IADA BLS, 9.13 tha−1 as compared to the average yield at these respective granaries. In the second trial, SPM increased the yield to 7.0 and 6.4 tha−1 during main and off seasons, respectively, indicating that it was significantly higher than control and the average yield reported by KADA. The yield of SPM treatments improved by 25 and 33% with an increment of farmer’s income at main and off seasons, respectively. Stomatal width was significantly higher than control at 11.89 µm. In conclusion, irrespective of the tested granaries and rice variety, spermine mediated plots displayed increment in grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability on malting quality of spring barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Ján Šimor ◽  
Vratislav Psota ◽  
Karel Klem
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Reduced Water

A multifactorial field experiment in an open-top chamber facility at the experimental station Domaninek was conducted in 2014 to understand the potential effects of climate change factors on the malting quality of spring barley and to evaluate the interactions of these factors with nitrogen nutrition. The results showed a major effect of nitrogen nutrition on malting quality. Nitrogen increased the protein content and impaired the key malting quality parameters such as a relative extract or Kolbach index. Elevated CO2 concentration had a generally positive effect on malting quality and alleviated the negative impact of nitrogen nutrition particularly. Reduced water availability had only a minor impact on malting quality; however, these effects were predominantly positive.

Increased nitrate availability in the soil of a mixed mature temperate forest subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (canopy FACE)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 757-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schleppi ◽  
Inga Bucher-Wallin ◽  
Frank Hagedorn ◽  
Christian Körner
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Availability
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