Ferdinand von Mueller’s phytochemical laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ian D. Rae ◽  
Sara Maroske
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Colonial Science

Victoria’s government botanist and, at the time, Director of the Botanic Garden, Ferdinand von Mueller had a strong interest in the possible industrial and medicinal uses of plant products (economic botany), for which he established a phytochemical laboratory and engaged the services of qualified chemists to conduct experiments on wood distillation, paper-making, essential oils, alkaloids, ash of woods and seaweeds, dyes and tanning materials, and the strength of Australian timbers. The careers of Mueller’s laboratory chemists, George Christian Hoffmann, Ludwig Rummel, and Johann Georg Luehmann, and their interactions with other members of the colonial science and technology community are also described in this article.

scholarly journals Plant Capitalism and Company Science: The Indian Career of Nathaniel Wallich

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Professional Advancement ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Colonial Science

AbstractThe career of the Danish-born botanist Nathaniel Wallich, superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden from 1815 to 1846, illustrates the complex nature of botanical science under the East India Company and shows how the plant life of South Asia was used as a capital resource both in the service of the Company's economic interests and for Wallich's own professional advancement and international reputation. Rather than seeing him as a pioneer of modern forest conservation or an innovative botanist, Wallich's attachment to the ideology of ‘improvement’ and the Company's material needs better explain his longevity as superintendent of the Calcutta garden. Although aspects of Wallich's career and botanical works show the importance of circulation between Europe and India, more significant was the hierarchy of knowledge in which indigenous plant lore and illustrative skill were subordinated to Western science and in which colonial science frequently lagged behind that of the metropolis.

Economic Botany: A Textbook of Useful Plants and Plant Products

Science ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 89 (2309) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
W. W. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Plant Products

Colonial science and technology

2013 ◽  
pp. 438-461
Author(s):  
John Gascoigne ◽  
Sara Maroske
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Colonial Science

Factors Militating Against the Development of Tiv Indigenous Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 422-443
Author(s):  
Tim Cuttings Agber
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
The People

The Tiv people right from the time of old possessed a handsome knowledge about their origin, way of life or traditions, science and technology including means of cultivating crops and ways of trapping or killing animals for food, medicinal uses of different plants, methods of making shelters to lay their heads and tactics of making cloths to cover their nakedness among others in a well-defined manner. Essentially, the knowledge the people possessed, which culminated into the Tiv Indigenous Knowledge (TIK) was orally transferred from one descent to another for documentation and continuity. However, the interplay of colonialism, Christian religion and intellectual property laws, constituted factors militating against the development of this crucial indigenous knowledge. This chapter therefore, describes the Tiv indigenous knowledge and the factors militating against it as well as attempt to figure out strategies that could be useful in curtailing these problems.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions of the Bark Essential Oils of Croton Monteverdensis and Croton Niveus from Monteverde, Costa Rica

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Oil Components

The essential oils of the barks of Croton monteverdensis Huft and C. niveus Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, were isolated by hydrodistillation in yields of 0.03% and 0.10%, respectively. The chemical composition of the oils was determined by GC–MS. The most abundant essential oil components of C. monteverdensis were α-pinene (17.1%), β-pinene (10.5%), and linalool (8.3%), while C. niveus bark oil was made up largely of α-pinene (14.4%), 1,8-cineole (11.6%), and borneol (8.5%). The major components account for the fragrances and are consistent with the traditional medicinal uses of these plants.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative biological studies of three chemotypes of basil essential oils grown in Malaysia against E.coli, S.aureus and P. aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuriah Ismail ◽  
Azhari Hamid Nour ◽  
Salah Elhussein
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Different accessions of basil introduced to Malaysia as seeds and cultivated at University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) farm and their essential oils extracted by steam distillation. Three chemotypes of these essential oils with estragole, linalool and methyl cinnamate as dominant compounds were evaluated against three facultative anaerobic bacteria obtained from the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health Malaysia: namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) by qualitative and quantitative method. Different concentration ranged from 10 μL/mL to 1000 μL/mL of basil essential oil solutions prepared and tested against bacterial strain using agar well diffusion and quantitative methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth microdilution plate. Eight different concentrations of serial two-fold dilutions ranged between 250 μL/mL and 1.95 μL/mL performed using Magellan software of Tecan Infinite Series M200 Pro microplate reader. In the result of agar well diffusion test, the zone of inhibition increased as the concentration of essential oil increased. The MIC was 7.81 μL/mL for all chemotype of the oils against E.coli and S.aureus while 15.63 μL/mL for P.aeruginosa of linalool-rich chemotype and 31.25 μL/mL for estragole and methyl cinnamate-rich chemotypes. The results obtained in this study were considered encouraging the potential of basil essential oil for medicinal uses as antibiotics and hygienic purposes as antibacterial products.

scholarly journals Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Ayu Lestari ◽  
Abban Putri Fiqa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP. 2020. Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae. Biodiversitas 21: 910-921. Many species of Annonaceae family in tropics produce fragrances, due to the active ingredients for essential oils. Since the abundant of flower and fruit production, basic knowledge of flowering and fruiting periods needs to be known. The aim of this study was to determine influence of environmental factors to selected essential oil plants flowering and fruiting period from Annonaceae family, i.e. Artabotrys suaveolens, Cananga odorata, Desmos chinensis, Dasymaschalon borneense, Fissistigma latifolium, and Xylopia malayana. Observations were made throughout the year during dry and rainy season, with each phase carried out scoring qualitatively based on its abundance in plant canopy. Data on environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall intensity) were obtained from Registration Unit, Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). Data of flowering and fruiting period were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel, while the influence of environmental factors to flowering and fruiting period was analyzed by Biplot with Past 3.0. statistic program. Flowering period occurred in wet months at the end of year (November-December), while fruiting period occurred in long dry month. Initiation and bloom of flowering were influenced by temperature, while fruiting period was largely influenced by humidity and rainfall intensity, except for C. odorata whose fruiting period was influenced by temperature. Key words: Annonaceae, environmental factors, essential oils, flowering, fruiting

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI TUMBUHAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI PENGHASIL MINYAK ATSIRI DI LOMBOK TIMUR-NTB

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
IG. TIRTA ◽  
I PT. AGUS HENDRA WIBAWA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
A New Species

The number of natural biological resources of Indonesia to growing ideas to increase the sale value of plant products especially plant essential oil. Studies of essential plant species that have been common in the market has a lot to do, but for the species of plants are still limited. Exploration is required to get a new species essential oil to be applied to society. Exploration is one of the first steps in this activity to collect the species of plants thathave the potential as a producer of essential oils. Exploration conducted in Lombok-NTB April 16 sd May 1, 2014 Acquisition of exploration results as much as 21 numbers were suspected to contain a collection of essential oils. Additional new collections for the Botanical Gardens ‘Eka works’ Bali as much as 2 species.

Video 5: How to make your own paper making frame and paper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schudel
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
School Science ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
To Come ◽  
Primary School Science

Intended audience: Primary school science and technology teachers and learners <br><br>I have been doing paper-making workshops with children for 20 years where we recycle waste paper to make decorative recycled paper. The problem is that all website videos I have ever been able to find show you how to make paper using an expensive wooden frame. This means that if you show either learners or teachers how to make paper, they will never do so at home because the frame is too difficult to come by. This video shows how to make an effective frame using a plastic container and stretchy mesh that is used to pack lemons in supermarkets. Now, student teachers can all leave my workshops with their own frames that they can use with their learners in their classrooms OR which they can help their own learners to make for themselves. This greatly extends the potential for implementing this activity in poorly resourced classrooms. Also, it combination with the ‘why recycle paper’ video, it is an effective way of showing the relationship between science and technology in primary school classrooms.<br>

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization of essential oil from Ocimum selloi

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILIA A.S. MORAES ◽  
ROSELAINE FACANALI ◽  
MARCIA ORTIZ M. MARQUES ◽  
CHAU MING LIN ◽  
M. ANGELA A. MEIRELES
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ocimum selloi Benth, a native plant of Brazil, has medicinal uses as anti-diarrheic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory product. The yield of essential oils of the inflorescences, containing flowers and seeds, was 0.6%, and the yield of leaves, collected in two different seasons, was 0.25% (June 2000) and 0.20% (January 2001), respectively. The essential oils of the inflorescences and leaves presented as major constituents trans-anethol (41.34%, 45.42%, 58.59%) and methyl chavicol (27.10%, 24.14%, 29.96%).

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