A perspective on billfish biological research and recommendations for the future

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Pelagic Ecosystem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pelagic Fishes ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
Made In

A review of papers published on billfish biological research since the 1988 Billfish Symposium highlights the important role these symposia play in disseminating billfish research results and also shows that progress since 1988 has been slow, especially when compared with tuna and other pelagic fishes. One reason for the disparity is that marlin have not yet been successfully held in captivity. Progress has been made in elucidating the trophic biology of billfish and these data are helping to build models of pelagic ecosystem dynamics. The deployment of several types of electronic tags has expedited advances in understanding the short-term movements and depth distribution of billfish, but long-term tracks remain elusive. In part, this may be because insufficient effort has been directed at developing methods for restraining marlin for tag attachment or implantation. Light-based geolocation techniques show great promise for elucidating billfish movements, but appropriate scientific rigour must be applied to the publication of these data. Several suggestions for advancing billfish research are presented.

scholarly journals Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. Wright ◽  
Michael P. Oman-Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Science ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Far Future ◽  
Made In

We discuss how visions for the futures of humanity in space and SETI are intertwined, and are shaped by prior work in the fields and by science fiction. This appears in the language used in the fields, and in the sometimes implicit assumptions made in discussions of them. We give examples from articulations of the so-called Fermi Paradox, discussions of the settlement of the Solar System (in the near future) and the Galaxy (in the far future), and METI. We argue that science fiction, especially the campy variety, is a significant contributor to the ‘giggle factor’ that hinders serious discussion and funding for SETI and Solar System settlement projects. We argue that humanity's long-term future in space will be shaped by our short-term visions for who goes there and how. Because of the way they entered the fields, we recommend avoiding the term ‘colony’ and its cognates when discussing the settlement of space, as well as other terms with similar pedigrees. We offer examples of science fiction and other writing that broaden and challenge our visions of human futures in space and SETI. In an appendix, we use an analogy with the well-funded and relatively uncontroversial searches for the dark matter particle to argue that SETI's lack of funding in the national science portfolio is primarily a problem of perception, not inherent merit.Also on arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.05318Please cite this version:Wright, Jason T., and Michael P. Oman-Reagan. “Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI.” International Journal of Astrobiology, 2017, 1–12. doi:10.1017/S1473550417000222.

scholarly journals Progress in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Jodi M. Smith ◽  
Vikas R. Dharnidharka
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Pediatric Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in pediatric kidney transplantation. Advances in immunosuppression have dramatically decreased rates of acute rejection leading to improved short term graft survival but similar improvements in long term graft survival remain elusive. Changes in allocation policy provide the pediatric population with timely access to transplant but there remains concern about the impact of less HLA matching and a decrease in living donors. This report presents data from North America on these successes and the ongoing challenges that face the pediatric transplant community.

scholarly journals The Anglican Covenant Proposed by the Lambeth Commission

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Doe
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

The Lambeth Commission (2004) proposed a number of short-term and long-term solutions to issues raised by recent and highly controversial developments in the Episcopal Church (USA) and the diocese of New Westminster (Canada). From these events have emerged important questions about the nature of communion between, and the autonomy of, each of the forty-four member churches of the Anglican Communion, and the way in which decisions of common concern are made. In order to consolidate this communion, as a long-term project, the Commission proposes the adoption of an Anglican Covenant by all forty-four churches of the Communion. This article describes the terms of the proposed Covenant and identifies their provenance, in order to establish that the proposal is for the most part a restatement of classical Anglicanism. Only in serious cases of disagreement which substantially risk the unity of the Communion is the proposal innovative. The article also describes briefly reactions to and possible implementation of the proposed Covenant.

Is MRI suitable for conclusive work-up of suspicious findings in mammography and ultrasound?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Kevin Strobel ◽  
Simone Schrading ◽  
Christiane K. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Suspicious Lesions ◽  
Made In

3 Background: The current ACR practice guidelines discourage use of MRI for work-up of suspicious findings in mammography (Mx) and ultrasound (US). We investigated whether additional breast MRI assessment of suspicious Mx and U.S. findings could improve PPV and thus possibly help reduce the number of biopsies for false positive findings in Mx or U.S. Methods: Between 06/2010 and 04/2012, a total 2,754 patients underwent DCE breast MRI. Of these, 277 underwent MRI for further work-up of suspicious findings made in Mx (n=173, 57 patients with mass lesions, 33 with asymmetries, 12 with architectural distortions, and 71 with suspicious calcifications) or U.S. (n=104, 74 with masses, 30 with miscellaneous U.S. findings such as suspected intraductal pathology, focal acoustic shadowing or architectural distortions) . All lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 4 and 5 underwent biopsy, lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 1 or 2 did not proceed to biopsy, except for selected women with mammographic calcifications suggestive of DCIS. Lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 3 underwent additional short term follow-up by MRI, US and/or Mx. All women who did not undergo biopsy (MR-BIRADS 1-3) underwent long term follow-up for so far 12-24 months. Results: For suspicious lesions in mammography, MRI increased PPV from 19.3% (11/57) to 92.3% (12/13) for masses, from 3% (1/33) to 33.3% (1/3) for asymmetries, from 8.3% (1/12) to 25% (1/4) for architectural distortions and from 21.1% (15/71) to 62.5% (15/24) for calcifications. For suspicious lesions in ultrasound, MRI increased PPV from 13.5% (10/74) to 71.4% (10/14) for masses and from 3.3% (1/30) to 50% (1/2) for non-mass U.S. findings. In 4/277 patients, MRI showed additional suspicious findings, requiring MR-guided biopsy, one of which was histologically proven malignant. So far, none of the patients who, because of an MR-BIRADS 1-3, did not undergo biopsy has been diagnosed with invasive cancer or DCIS or with progressive conventional imaging findings necessitating secondary biopsy. Conclusions: MRI improves PPV for both suspicious Mx and U.S. findings, especially mass lesions. In experienced hands, careful use of MRI can help avoid biopsies for false positive diagnoses made in Mx and U.S.

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity indices of industrial enterprise organizational change

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Victoriia Bilyk ◽  
Olena Kolomytseva ◽  
Olha Myshkovych ◽  
Nataliia Tymoshyk ◽  
Denis Shcherbatykh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development Effectiveness ◽  
Made In

Evaluation of sensitivity of commercial enterprises to organizational changes should be made in terms of short-term planning for which it is important to ensure the financial results, as well as in terms of long-term planning, which is important for non-monetary indicators of development effectiveness. To solve this problem, the paper is designed model sensitivity Descriptive indicators of industrial enterprises to organizational changes, reflecting monetary and non-monetary effects of organizational change. The authors determined that the proposed model allows for the analysis of organizational change with regard to their impact on monetary and non-monetary efficiency. This paper contributes to the theory and practice at the border to ensure a balance between short-term and long-term development of industrial enterprises. Convincingly demonstrated the possibility of using research results in practice.

scholarly journals Grapevine Cultivars, Trellis Systems, and Mechanization of the California Raisin Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Made In

Growers in California’s San Joaquin Valley produced >25% of the world’s raisins in 2012, with a farm-gate value of >$590 million, making the United States the leading global producer of raisins. California’s traditional raisin-making method is a laborious process in which clusters of grapes (Vitis vinifera) are harvested by hand onto paper trays, which are left in the vineyard to dry. The drying fruit may need to be turned or rolled, tasks requiring manual labor, and the trays of dried raisins are also picked up by hand. Most California raisins continue to be made in this way, but in recent years, the declining availability and increasing cost of labor has prompted many growers to implement one of two mechanized production systems, “continuous tray” (CT) or “dry-on-vine” (DOV). In CT systems, machines are used to pick the berries, lay them onto a tray, and pick up the dried raisins. The CT system could be considered a short-term strategy: it is compatible with existing conventional ‘Thompson Seedless’ raisin vineyards and has been widely adopted. The DOV system could be considered a medium-term strategy: it is best suited for vineyards specifically designed for DOV, with early ripening grapevine cultivars on expansive trellis systems, which ensures timely drying, and capitalizes on the fact that sunlit row middles are not needed for fruit drying. Grapevine breeding programs are currently working toward the development of raisin grape cultivars with fruitful basal nodes, with fruit that dry naturally upon ripening. This is a long-term strategy to further reduce labor needs by enabling mechanical pruning in winter and eliminating the need for cane severance in the summer.

scholarly journals Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) behavior: A multi-year analysis of individuals at Georgia Aquarium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Black ◽  
Matthew Grober ◽  
Christian Schreiber ◽  
Chris Coco ◽  
Alistair Dove
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Time ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Daily Changes

Background. From the coastal seas near Taiwan to the 6.3 million gallon Ocean Voyager habitat at Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia, whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, were brought in stages: two females arrived in June 2006 and two males in June 2007. The behavioral observations described in this study began in 2008 as the first reported observations in captivity to assist in husbandry and better understand whale shark behavior variation between individuals and across time. Methods. Two types of observations were made of the four sharks currently in the Georgia Aquarium Ocean Voyager habitat: 1) 15-minute focal observations throughout the day of individual sharks from a high gantry vantage point using Stopwatch+ software to time stamp all recorded behavior and 2) observations of swim speed, depth, and swimming direction for all sharks passing by a section of wall over longer periods of time (15 min-hours). Z-tests were used for inter-observer reliability. Results. For most traits, whale sharks demonstrated unique behavioral profiles that were consistent over many years, but, over the course of years, some of these behavioral traits changed for individual sharks. There were also daily changes in behavior that were consistent across days. For instance, whale sharks showed a clear anticipation of feeding time marked by increases in swimming speed prior to obvious cues of the feed (i.e. 1 hour prior). During observations recorded during the day, whale sharks spent the majority of their time swimming at or near the surface. Most spent relatively equal times swimming clockwise as they did counterclockwise. Swim speeds observed in the habitat were similar to the range of those estimated from work in the field. Conclusion. Each shark in the habitat demonstrated a behavioral profile unique to that individual, and we have observed short-term and long-term consistent patterns as well as changes in some behavior. These observations increase our knowledge of whale shark behavior, assisting in the husbandry of these animals and giving a better understanding of individual differences, temporal changes, and interactions between sharks.

scholarly journals Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) behavior: A multi-year analysis of individuals at Georgia Aquarium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Black ◽  
Matthew Grober ◽  
Christian Schreiber ◽  
Chris Coco ◽  
Alistair Dove
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Time ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Daily Changes

Background. From the coastal seas near Taiwan to the 6.3 million gallon Ocean Voyager habitat at Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia, whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, were brought in stages: two females arrived in June 2006 and two males in June 2007. The behavioral observations described in this study began in 2008 as the first reported observations in captivity to assist in husbandry and better understand whale shark behavior variation between individuals and across time. Methods. Two types of observations were made of the four sharks currently in the Georgia Aquarium Ocean Voyager habitat: 1) 15-minute focal observations throughout the day of individual sharks from a high gantry vantage point using Stopwatch+ software to time stamp all recorded behavior and 2) observations of swim speed, depth, and swimming direction for all sharks passing by a section of wall over longer periods of time (15 min-hours). Z-tests were used for inter-observer reliability. Results. For most traits, whale sharks demonstrated unique behavioral profiles that were consistent over many years, but, over the course of years, some of these behavioral traits changed for individual sharks. There were also daily changes in behavior that were consistent across days. For instance, whale sharks showed a clear anticipation of feeding time marked by increases in swimming speed prior to obvious cues of the feed (i.e. 1 hour prior). During observations recorded during the day, whale sharks spent the majority of their time swimming at or near the surface. Most spent relatively equal times swimming clockwise as they did counterclockwise. Swim speeds observed in the habitat were similar to the range of those estimated from work in the field. Conclusion. Each shark in the habitat demonstrated a behavioral profile unique to that individual, and we have observed short-term and long-term consistent patterns as well as changes in some behavior. These observations increase our knowledge of whale shark behavior, assisting in the husbandry of these animals and giving a better understanding of individual differences, temporal changes, and interactions between sharks.

Choosing the Right Metrics for Listerine Brand Management in Brazil

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Leandro A. Guissoni ◽  
Fundação Getulio ◽  
Adjunct Faculty ◽  
Paul W. Farris ◽  
Olegário Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brand Management ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marketing Metrics ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Ronaldo Art, brand manager for J&J’s Listerine, reflected on the progress he had made in market penetration for the oral hygiene product from the time he started in the position in 2010 to late 2014. He wanted to develop a long-term strategy for the brand rather than stimulating short-term increases in market share, which could compromise the equity of the brand, its profitability, and its long-term competitive advantage. This case has been used in Darden’s second-year course “Marketing Metrics and Integrated Marketing Communications” and would work well in any course module focused on brand management and brand strategy.

Toward a Medical Understanding of Marihuana

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad J. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indian Hemp ◽  
Made In

This paper is based on a review of the English language medical literature over the past 35 years on Indian Hemp, with direct reference being made to the more significant articles published during that time. The paucity of direct experimental observation is noted and the difficulties in experimental studies are highlighted by descriptions of the wide variations in the potency of Indian Hemp derivatives. Specific references are provided for the wide range of observations made in relation to acute and chronic physical and psychological effects, personal characteristics of the users and possible factors in causation. It is concluded that marihuana is a poorly defined intoxicant which varies in potency, deteriorates with time and whose chemical composition is largely unknown at present. There are wide variations in human response and the state of intoxication itself carries with it varying degrees of unpleasant physical and psychological experiences. The association between hashish and, to a lesser extent, marihuana and short-term and long-term complications is discussed in relation to complex variables, of which the drug is but one factor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document