Balancing the odds: the relationship between growth and energy storage in juvenile snapper (Chrysophrys auratus : Sparidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina J. Sim-Smith ◽  
Andrew G. Jeffs ◽  
Craig A. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fish Lipid ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Otolith Increments ◽  
Positive Correlations

Larval and early juvenile fish living in temperate environments with limited resources face conflicting metabolic demands. To optimise their survival probability, fish must balance the need to out-grow predators by maximising their growth, while also accumulating sufficient energy reserves to sustain them through winter. We tested the hypothesis that resource allocation in Chrysophrys auratus changed from maximising growth to maximising energy storage over their first summer–autumn by measuring recent growth rates from otolith increments, and lipid, protein and carbohydrate concentrations in fish. Lipid concentrations showed the greatest change over the growing season, increasing three-fold between summer and mid-autumn. Growth rates showed the opposite trend, being significantly lower in mid-autumn than in summer. The relationships between growth rate and lipid or protein concentrations were consistent with a shift in resource allocation from growth to storage. During summer and early autumn, growth rates were independent of protein or lipid concentrations, but during mid-autumn there were significant positive correlations between the variables. Biochemical concentrations were independent of fish size, indicating that the accumulation of sufficient energy reserves for winter is determined by the timing of settlement and subsequent feeding conditions, which are likely to affect interannual recruitment variability of this important species.

scholarly journals Dietary canitine maintains energy reserves and delays fatigue of exercised african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed high fat diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ozório ◽  
Vincent Van Ginneken ◽  
Guido van den Thillart ◽  
Martin Verstegen ◽  
Johan Verreth
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Level ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Lipids, together with proteins, are traditionally considered as primary fuels during aerobic swimming. The effects of dietary fat and carnitine supplements and exercise on the energy metabolism of juvenile fish were investigated. One hundred African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets containing a fat level of 100 or 190 g kg-1 diet and one of the two levels of carnitine (15 and 1000 mg kg-1). Fish grew from 61 to 162 g in 10 wk. Thereafter, 6 fish per group swam vigorously for 3 h and the results were compared with unexercised groups. Fish receiving 1,000 mg carnitine accumulated 2- to 3-fold more carnitine than fish receiving 15 mg carnitine. Plasma acyl-carnitine level was affected by an interaction between dietary treatment and exercise (P < 0.05). Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine concentrations were higher in the white muscle (WM) of exercised fish fed the high-carnitine supplements, compared with the low-carnitine fed fish (P < 0.05). Adenilate energy charge indexes were higher and ammonia concentrations were lower in WM of fish fed high-carnitine and high-fat diets. Dietary carnitine supplements may be needed in growing fish when dietary lipid level is high. In that case extra dietary carnitine can maintain the body energy reserves at adequate level when fish is exposed to a short-term, exhaustive exercise, a physiologic stress common both in nature and in intensive aquaculture systems.

Some Relations of Land Drainage, Nutrients, Particulate Material, and Fish Catch in Two Eastern Canadian Bays

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Sutcliffe Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Material ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Suspended Particulate Material ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

A year's record of the carbon content of living and of carbon and nitrogen content of nonliving suspended particulate material from St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, is presented. From considerations of carbon/nitrogen ratios and nutrient data from other sources, the nitrogen budget is briefly considered. The possible importance of land drainage into the bay leads to some positive correlations between runoff and catch of four commercially important species in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Variation in the growth of larval and juvenile snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (Sparidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina J. Sim-Smith ◽  
Andrew G. Jeffs ◽  
Craig A. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Pelagic Larval Duration ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Otolith Increments ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Early Juvenile Period

For many fish species, growth and mortality of larvae are closely coupled, with faster-growing larvae generally experiencing higher survivorship in the plankton, which may lead to higher recruitment. Using back-calculated growth trajectories derived from otolith increments we used the modified Fry model to estimate the growth rate of larvae and early juveniles of the commercially important sparid, Chrysophrys auratus, at four sites around northern New Zealand. Back-calculated growth rates were used to test the hypothesis that fish with a short pelagic larval duration (≤20 days) grew faster than did fish with a long pelagic larval duration (>24 days) during both the larval and juvenile periods. At three of the four sites, fish with a short larval duration grew significantly faster during the larval period, and these larvae generally continued to have a larger size-at-age as juveniles up to 70-day-old. Growth rates for both the larval and early juvenile period were also found to vary significantly among the four sites and were found to be unrelated to differences in water temperature. Localised variation in early growth of C. auratus among sites may be important in helping explain differences in their contribution to the recruitment to C. auratus populations.

scholarly journals Utilising the boundary layer to help restore the connectivity of fish habitats and populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabin R. Watson ◽  
Harriet R. Goodrich ◽  
Rebecca L. Cramp ◽  
Matthew A. Gordos ◽  
Craig E. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Remediation Design

SignificanceHabitat fragmentation is a significant contributor to the worldwide decline of freshwater ecosystem health, the most pervasive cause of which is culverts. Culverts act as a barrier to fish movement, impacting feeding, predator avoidance, spawning, and community structures. Here we show that a common remediation strategy that involves baffles, is detrimental to the successful passage of small bodied and juvenile fish at high velocities. To remedy this widespread problem, we present a novel remediation design that benefits a range of small-bodied species and juvenile fish at the same high velocities, regardless of morphology or ecological niche. The application of this remediation design may be expanded to any smooth surfaced anthropogenic structure, to improve fish passage and restore ecosystem functionality.AbstractCulverts are a major cause of habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems, are a barrier to fish movement, and are regarded as a significant contributor in the decline of freshwater fish populations globally. To try to address this, various culvert remediation designs have been implemented, including the installation of vertical baffles and the provision of naturalistic (rock) substrates. While remediation strategies generally aim to reduce the velocity of water flowing through the structure, there is often resistance to their use because the resultant reduction in culvert discharge can negatively impact upstream flooding while also resulting in debris clogging and increased culvert maintenance costs. In addition, baffles markedly increase water turbulence that may be detrimental to passage by some fish species or size classes. Here we present some novel remediation designs that exploit the reduced water velocity in boundary layers along the culvert wall to enhance fish passage without significantly compromising discharge capacity. These longitudinal designs produce an expanded reduced velocity zone along the culvert margins that generate minimal turbulence. We show that these novel designs are significantly advantageous to the swimming endurance and traversability for six small-bodied Australian fish species. We also provide data on how and why some culvert baffle designs may impede small-bodied fish passage. This data scales with increasing water velocity, encompassing inter-specific differences in swimming capacity. These results have broad implications for fish community structure and the requirement of juvenile cohort of large-bodied commercially important species where baffles have been implemented to facilitate fish passage.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF VITAMIN D3 ON GROWTH AND SERUM PARAMETERS OF LAMBS REARED IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
S. K. HO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Three hundred and sixty-four artificially reared lambs were weaned at 21 days of age, assigned to four treatments and raised in a controlled environment. The 2 × 2 factorial experiment involved two diets containing 0.53% calcium (Ca) and 0.70% phosphorus (P) or 1.43% Ca and 0.50% P, respectively, with half of the lambs on each diet receiving two intramuscular injections (IMD) of vitamin D3 (250 000 IU at weaning and 500 000 IU at 70 days of age). The diets with the high Ca:P ratio produced higher rates of gain. Those lambs receiving IMD had slower growth rates compared to those receiving only dietary vitamin D. In all treatments, serum Ca levels were within normal ranges while serum P levels were higher than normal. Treatment differences in serum Ca were similar, though less consistent, to those observed for growth, whereas only inconsistent treatment differences occurred for P or alkaline phosphatase activity (AP). Although a few positive correlations were noted among serum parameters per se irrespective of treatment, they were without a general pattern. There were, however, positive correlations between growth rates and both serum AP and serum Ca activities, particularly at later stages of growth. The results indicated that a dietary Ca:P ratio of 2.9 was conducive to satisfactory growth, that high levels of vitamin D via injection were not beneficial and that measuring serum Ca, P and AP as indices of nutritional status is of little use as a practical management tool. Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, lambs

Prospects of interregional energy hub formation in Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
T. I. Gorkina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Energy Hub ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Main Components

The article examines the energy policy of Turkey in connection with the country’s desire to become an international energy hub concentrating supplies from neighboring energy resources exporting countries, due to its unique geographical location. Its key position between Asia and Europe facilitates the passage through its territory of transport routes, allowing diversification of exports and imports for neighboring countries. Turkish economic policy, conducted in recent decades, allowed the country to make a leap in its development. To maintain the existing growth rates of the economy, it is necessary to have sufficient energy consumption. The dependence of the country on external energy sources leads to a multi-vector geopolitics, conducted by the country’s government. Turkey is surrounded by countries with which there are economic and geopolitical disagreements. Orientation on Russia with its large and diverse energy resources and a capacious domestic market will support the existing growth rates of the economy, occupy the unemployed population and stabilize energy supplies. Energy diplomacy has become an important factor in ensuring the energy security of both Turkey and its partners. Energy security is influenced by such factors as disruptions in energy supply and price volatility in the global energy market. The development of energy is currently taking place in the mainstream of energy programs, the main components of which are economics, politics, scientific and technical progress, social and environmental problems. The uniqueness of EGP between the zones of energy production and consumption increased the importance of the country as an transiter of energy, that controling the Black Sea straits and having ports on the Black and Mediterranean Seas.

Growth Rates and Growth Efficiencies in Larvae and Juveniles of Rutilus rutilus and Other Cyprinid Species: Effects of Temperature and Food in the Laboratory and in the Field

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wieser ◽  
H. Forstner ◽  
F. Schiemer ◽  
W. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Growth rates were determined in four 0+ class populations of roach (Rutilus rutilus): two from warm backwaters of the Danube and two from cold-water lakes. Larval growth was also determined in the laboratory for R. rutilus, Leuciscus cephalus, and Alburnus alburnus at 15, 20, and 25 °C. Q10 values of growth rates were low (1.29–1.67) between 20 and 25 °C but were high (3.9) between 15 and 20 °C. Net growth efficiency of the larvae of R. rutilus ranged from 68.6 to 71.9% at 15 °C and from 72.3 to 73.5% at 20 °C. A comparison of temperature-corrected relative growth rates in the four populations of roach revealed significant differences between the two warmwater and the two cold-water populations. Growth of warmwater populations was fastest right after hatching and then declined in a fairly regular way. Growth of cold-water populations was slow after hatching but increased later. These differences reflect interactions between temperature and food availability in the two types of water bodies. The sudden increase in growth rate in the population from the coldest lake can be correlated with a change in gut contents which in turn reflects the improved ability of the juvenile fish for catching Zooplankton.

Allometric relationships and dendroecology of the dwarf shrub Dryas integrifolia near Churchill, subarctic Manitoba

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Au ◽  
J.C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
The Impact

Shrubs have generally been overlooked in dendrochronology, and little information exists on allometric relationships in dwarf shrubs. Dryas integrifolia M. Vahl. has been recognized as an important species in revegetation of disturbed gravel pits in northern areas. In this study, the dimensions (mat, stem, and root) of D. integrifolia shrubs were measured in four populations having recolonized disturbed areas, and anatomical slides containing growth rings were prepared for each individual. The first objective was to compare allometric relationships among descriptors of shrub dimension and between these descriptors and shrub age. Secondary objectives included documenting maximum age and evaluation of the potential for cross-dating among shrubs. Strong, consistent allometric relationships between aboveground dimensions were observed among individuals from all sites, although growth rates varied within and between sites. This indicated that even though aboveground shrub dimensions grow proportionally to one another, these measurements cannot be used to infer age, because of differences in growth rates among D. integrifolia shrubs. However, numerous cross-sections from D. integrifolia shrubs could be successfully cross-dated, and a short chronology was developed. The radial growth – climate association was found to be similar to that of dominant tree species of the region regarding the impact of October conditions. Increased snowfall in October prior to and warm May temperature during the year of ring formation appear to restrict growth of these shrubs by altering the onset of the growing season. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to accurately date D. integrifolia shrubs, and this ability may be applied to future studies involving population dynamics and remediation of open gravel sites. Growth rings also have the potential to be used in other Arctic shrubs.

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