Host size constrains growth patterns in both female and male Ceratothoa italica, a mouth-dwelling isopod

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Pawluk ◽  
Marco Ciampoli ◽  
Stefano Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Parasitic Isopods ◽  
Lithognathus Mormyrus ◽  
Host Parasite

Host–parasite associations are among the primary drivers of evolutionary diversification, and hold considerable importance for understanding ecological equilibria. In particular, crustacean ectoparasites are typically associated with many fish families, and may, under certain conditions, pose threats to fisheries and aquaculture. Cymothoid isopods include blood-feeding genera that inhabit the mouth of their host, and whose variation in life-history strategies remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate the size relationship between the highly prevalent Ceratothoa italica and its main natural host, the striped sea bream, Lithognathus mormyrus. We found significant correlation between host size and that of both female and male parasites. Although the generality of a host–female size association in mouth-dwelling cymothoids had been widely recognised for some time, here we provide the first robust support for the occurrence of this size association also in mouth-dwelling male parasites. The potential underlying biological causes of the patterns are discussed, contributing to the debate on the evolution of host–parasite interactions, and the adaptive radiation of this family of parasitic isopods.

scholarly journals Identification and partial characterization of a novel serpin from Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea)

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Roudnický ◽  
Jiří Vorel ◽  
Jana Ilgová ◽  
Michal Benovics ◽  
Adam Norek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complement Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Eudiplozoon Nipponicum

Background: Serpins are a superfamily of serine peptidase inhibitors that participate in the regulation of many physiological and cell peptidase-mediated processes in all organisms (e.g. in blood clotting, complement activation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, and programmed cell death). It was postulated that in the blood-feeding members of the monogenean family Diplozoidae, serpins could play an important role in the prevention of thrombus formation, activation of complement, inflammation in the host, and/or in the endogenous regulation of protein degradation. Results: In silico analysis showed that the DNA and primary protein structures of serpin from Eudiplozoon nipponicum (EnSerp1) are similar to other members of the serpin superfamily. The inhibitory potential of EnSerp1 on four physiologically-relevant serine peptidases (trypsin, factor Xa, kallikrein, and plasmin) was demonstrated and its presence in the worm’s excretory-secretory products (ESPs) was confirmed. Conclusion: EnSerp1 influences the activity of peptidases that play a role in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and complement activation. This inhibitory potential, together with the serpin’s presence in ESPs, suggests that it is likely involved in host-parasite interactions and could be one of the molecules involved in the control of feeding and prevention of inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals The biology of Goldsilk Sea Bream (family: Sparidae) from the inshore waters of north coast Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Rashid O. Anam ◽  
Cosmas N. Munga ◽  
James R. Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The North ◽  
Kenyan Coast ◽  
And Migration

The biology of the sparid, Acanthopagrus berda (goldsilk sea bream) was investigated using catch samples obtained from artisanal fishers at selected fish landing sites in the Marereni and Ngomeni fishing areas on the north coast of Kenya. This species has not previously been studied in Kenya although it forms significant proportions of artisanal fish landings and is also a promising aquaculture species. In order to contribute to knowledge of this species, the length-weight relationship, condition factor and feeding preference for prey items were studied in a total of 751 specimens sampled from July 2013 to July 2014. Length-weight relationships for male and female individuals from both fishing areas were strongly correlated (Males: Marereni - R2 = 0.920, Ngomeni - R2 = 0.983; Females: Marereni - R2 = 0.966, Ngomeni - R2 = 0.941). The condition factor of mixed sexes was not significantly different between the two fishing areas (Marereni 2.15 ± 0.08; Ngomeni 2.05 ± 0.02) at p > 0.05. Gut content analysis recorded a total of 5 taxa in the diet (gastropods, molluscs, detritus, crustaceans and fish). The overall sample was dominated by female individuals with an overall sex ratio of females (405 individuals) to males (338 individuals) of 1:0.8 being significantly different at p < 0.05. The species exhibited isometric and positive allometric growth patterns, indicative of the physiological well-being of this species on the north coast of Kenya. Gonadal maturation occurred throughout the year with peaks in July, August and September. However, more work is needed on the biology, distribution, spawning grounds, behavior, and migration patterns along the Kenyan coast. 

Growth and life histories in Nematoda with particular reference to environmental factors

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Boag ◽  
Gregor Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Unifying Principles

AbstractTo seek unifying principles underlying growth patterns in the phylum Nematoda, the volume of successive developmental stages was determined from published measurements. Within some groups occupying fairly uniform, non-living habitats ( e.g. , Longidoridae, Mononchida, non-parasitic Rhabditida) growth patterns are similar, as are the sizes of both sexes. In aquatic Chromadorida and Monhysterida, females are commonly larger than males. Plant-parasitic groups vary in the relative size of the sexes; within Criconematoidea there is some reduction of males in Hemicyliophora but extreme reduction in Tylenchulus. Despite freeliving and parasitic cycles of Strongyloides showing differing growth in stages 2 to 4, females are similar in both cycles. The strongylid parasites of vertebrates studied have a bacterial-feeding external stage and have lower growth rates and achieve smaller female size than Ascardia with direct life cycles. In taxa for which data are available, the increase in volume between stages 1 and 2 was 0.4-53-fold; that between stages 2 and 3, typically, 1.8-2.9-fold but up to 8191-fold; between stages 3 to 4, 1.7-3.8-fold but up to 100-fold; and between stage 4 to female, typically, 1.1-42-fold but up to 918-fold. Complete data are available for few nematode species and there is no apparent consistent pattern in which taxa contain 'outliers' at particular stages. Many more data are required to assess the impacts of habitat texture, physical support, food supply and experienced temperature on nematode growth and size.

Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1434 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FALCÓN-ORDAZ ◽  
J. C. WINDFIELD-PÉREZ ◽  
B. MENDOZA-GARFIAS ◽  
G. PARRA-OLEA ◽  
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Host Parasite

Plethodontid salamanders represent a group of amphibians that show a great evolutionary diversification in México, however no study of their helminth parasites had been conducted thus far. In this paper, we describe Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the intestine of the plethodontid salamanders Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from Llano Grande and Texcalyacac, Estado de México, in Central México. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. is easily distinguished from all other species of Cosmocerca in that females possess a uniquely spined tail, a character no seen in congeners. In addition, we compiled all the information of helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders, and we present it in the form of a checklist of both parasite-host, and host-parasite. A brief analysis of the helminth parasite species composition is presented regarding life-history and development characteristics of plethodontids.

Benefits of fidelity: does host specialization impact nematode parasite life history and fecundity?

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KOPRIVNIKAR ◽  
H. S. RANDHAWA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe range of hosts used by a parasite is influenced by macro-evolutionary processes (host switching, host–parasite co-evolution), as well as ‘encounter filters’ and ‘compatibility filters’ at the micro-evolutionary level driven by host/parasite ecology and physiology. Host specialization is hypothesized to result in trade-offs with aspects of parasite life history (e.g. reproductive output), but these have not been well studied. We used previously published data to create models examining general relationships among host specificity and important aspects of life history and reproduction for nematodes parasitizing animals. Our results indicate no general trade-off between host specificity and the average pre-patent period (time to first reproduction), female size, egg size, or fecundity of these nematodes. However, female size was positively related to egg size, fecundity, and pre-patent period. Host compatibility may thus not be the primary determinant of specificity in these parasitic nematodes if there are few apparent trade-offs with reproduction, but rather, the encounter opportunities for new host species at the micro-evolutionary level, and other processes at the macro-evolutionary level (i.e. phylogeny). Because host specificity is recognized as a key factor determining the spread of parasitic diseases understanding factors limiting host use are essential to predict future changes in parasite range and occurrence.

Ultrastructure and host parasite relationships of Kudoa pagrusi (Myxozoa) infecting the heart muscles of sea bream Pagrus pagrus (L.) from the Red Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathy Abdel-Ghaffar ◽  
Abdel-Rahman Bashtar ◽  
Heinz Mehlhorn ◽  
Khaled Al-Rasheid ◽  
Ebtsam Al-Olayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Pagrus Pagrus ◽  
Host Parasite

Age, growth and mortality of the striped sea bream, Lithognathus mormyrus L., in the Northern Adriatic

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kraljević ◽  
J. Dulčić ◽  
P. Cetinić ◽  
A. Pallaoro
Keyword(s):  
Sea Bream ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Lithognathus Mormyrus

scholarly journals Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: Parasite-blind diversification of host quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Freund ◽  
Marie Vasse ◽  
Gregory J. Velicer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Quality ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Adaptive Landscapes ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasite Evolution ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Selective Environment

Evolutionary diversification can occur in allopatry or sympatry, can be unselected or driven by selection, and can be phenotypically manifested immediately or remain phenotypically latent until later manifestation in a newly encountered environment. Diversification of host-parasite interactions is frequently studied in the context of intrinsically selective coevolution, but the potential for host-parasite interaction phenotypes to diversify latently during parasite-blind evolution is rarely considered. Here we use a social bacterium experimentally adapted to several environments in the absence of phage to analyse allopatric diversification of latent host quality - the degree to which a host population supports a viral epidemic. Phage-blind evolution reduced host quality overall, with some bacteria becoming completely resistant to growth suppression by phage. Selective-environment differences generated only mild divergence in host-quality. However, selective environments nonetheless played a major role in shaping evolution by determining the degree of stochastic diversification among replicate populations within treatments. Ancestral motility genotype was also found to strongly shape patterns of latent hostquality evolution and diversification. These outcomes show that adaptive landscapes can differ in how they constrain stochastic diversification of a latent phenotype and that major effects of selection on biological diversification can be missed by focusing on trait means. Collectively, our findings suggest that latent-phenotype evolution (LPE) should inform host-parasite evolution theory and that diversification should be conceived broadly to include latent phenotypes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document