TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER, EXPERIENCE OF MILITARY HOSPITAL RABAT: ABOUT 52 CASES

Objective: to review the epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological, biological, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of this histo-prognostic subgroup, namely triple-negative breast cancer Material and Method: Our work consists of a retrospective study carried out at the military hospital of instruction Med v rabat between January 2010 and December 2017 on 52 cases of invasive breast carcinoma with a triple negative phenotype. Result: From an epidemiological point of view: a peak in frequency was noted between 45 and 50 years old, and 48.1% of patients still in genital activity. On the anatomo-pathological level: invasive ductal carcinoma is the most predominant type representing 68.3% of cases with an average tumor size of 30mm. Histopronostic grades II and III each represent 43.2% and 56.8% of cases. Therapeutically: more than 42.3% received conservative treatment and 57.7% underwent radical surgery of the Pateytype.Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was given in 86.5% of cases and 5.8% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy On the evolutionary level, 17.3% or 9 cases developed systemic metastases with predilection for the lungs. Conclusion: Despite advances in treatments and the emergence of targeted therapies, breast cancer remains the leading cause of death in women. Current clinical and histological classifications do not fully establish the prognostic and predictive parameters of response to treatment.

Genetic architecture underlying variation in floral meristem termination in Aquilegia

Floral organs are produced by floral meristems (FMs), which harbor stem cells in their centers. Since each flower only has a finite number of organs, the stem cell activity of a FM will always terminate at a specific time point, a process termed floral meristem termination (FMT). Variation in the timing of FMT can give rise to floral morphological diversity, but how this process is fine-tuned at a developmental and evolutionary level is poorly understood. Flowers from the genus Aquilegia share identical floral organ arrangement except for stamen whorl numbers (SWN), making Aquilegia a well-suited system for investigation of this process: differences in SWN between species represent differences in the timing of FMT. By crossing A. canadensis and A. brevistyla, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has revealed a complex genetic architecture with seven QTL. We identified potential candidate genes under each QTL and characterized novel expression patterns of select candidate genes using in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to dissect the genetic basis of how natural variation in the timing of FMT is regulated and our results provide insight into how floral morphological diversity can be generated at the meristematic level.

Organizational Learning and Teacher Performance in Public Educational Institutions in a District of Lima

The relationships and differences between organizational learning and the performance of teachers in five public educational institutions in a district of Lima were determined. It was a quantitative study with a comparative correlational, non-experimental design. 145 teachers were surveyed with two validated questionnaires. The Tau-b-Kendall correlation test was used for correlation analysis. For score comparisons, the normal Z test, analysis of variance and a Scheffe test were used. Significant associations were found between the variables, and it was also determined that there were differences between the average scores of the teachers by educational level (initial, primary and secondary), with greater associations between teachers at the initial and secondary levels. Finally, the promotion of learning is an aspect that would require greater attention for the better performance of regular basic education teachers, and more aggressive strategies should be established from the institutional directions to promote more and better organizational learning as a work philosophy in these professionals in a social context where knowledge and technology interact at the level of mimicry in a structure that requires competitiveness at the human evolutionary level.

Geographical Variation in Phenotypic Plasticity of Intertidal Sister Limpet’s Species Under Ocean Acidification Scenarios

Ocean Acidification (OA) can have pervasive effects in calcifying marine organisms, and a better understanding of how different populations respond at the physiological and evolutionary level could help to model the impacts of global change in marine ecosystems. Due to its natural geography and oceanographic processes, the Chilean coast provides a natural laboratory where benthic organisms are frequently exposed to diverse projected OA scenarios. The goal of this study was to assess whether a population of mollusks thriving in a more variable environment (Talcaruca) would present higher phenotypic plasticity in physiological and morphological traits in response to different pCO2 when compared to a population of the same species from a more stable environment (Los Molles). To achieve this, two benthic limpets (Scurria zebrina and Scurria viridula) inhabiting these two contrasting localities were exposed to ocean acidification experimental conditions representing the current pCO2 in the Chilean coast (500 μatm) and the levels predicted for the year 2100 in upwelling zones (1500 (μatm). Our results show that the responses to OA are species-specific, even in this related species. Interestingly, S. viridula showed better performance under OA than S. zebrina (i.e., similar sizes and carbonate content in individuals from both populations; lower effects of acidification on the growth rate combined with a reduction of metabolism at higher pCO2). Remarkably, these characteristics could explain this species’ success in overstepping the biogeographical break in the area of Talcaruca, which S. zebrina cannot achieve. Besides, the results show that the habitat factor has a strong influence on some traits. For instance, individuals from Talcaruca presented a higher growth rate plasticity index and lower shell dissolution rates in acidified conditions than those from Los Molles. These results show that limpets from the variable environment tend to display higher plasticity, buffering the physiological effects of OA compared with limpets from the more stable environment. Taken together, these findings highlight the key role of geographic variation in phenotypic plasticity to determine the vulnerability of calcifying organisms to future scenarios of OA.

Materialism and Capitalism Today

This chapter identifies a materiality of social bonds that is not reducible to the logic of exchange value between alienated subjects. It analyses different forms of relationship of the human body to the milieu, following Marcel Mauss’s techniques of the body and André Leroi-Gourhan’s definitions of evolution. The producing body, it is argued, does more than only embody norms in a process of subjectivation. The externalization of the body in gestures cannot be reduced, therefore, to the evolutionary level that produces ethnic and social norms.

Candida albicans Genetic Background Influences Mean and Heterogeneity of Drug Responses and Genome Stability during Evolution in Fluconazole

ABSTRACT The importance of within-species diversity in determining the evolutionary potential of a population to evolve drug resistance or tolerance is not well understood, including in eukaryotic pathogens. To examine the influence of genetic background, we evolved replicates of 20 different clinical isolates of Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, in fluconazole, the commonly used antifungal drug. The isolates hailed from the major C. albicans clades and had different initial levels of drug resistance and tolerance to the drug. The majority of replicates rapidly increased in fitness in the evolutionary environment, with the degree of improvement inversely correlated with parental strain fitness in the drug. Improvement was largely restricted to up to the evolutionary level of drug: only 4% of the evolved replicates increased resistance (MIC) above the evolutionary level of drug. Prevalent changes were altered levels of drug tolerance (slow growth of a subpopulation of cells at drug concentrations above the MIC) and increased diversity of genome size. The prevalence and predominant direction of these changes differed in a strain-specific manner, but neither correlated directly with parental fitness or improvement in fitness. Rather, low parental strain fitness was correlated with high levels of heterogeneity in fitness, tolerance, and genome size among evolved replicates. Thus, parental strain background is an important determinant in mean improvement to the evolutionary environment as well as the diversity of evolved phenotypes, and the range of possible responses of a pathogen to an antimicrobial drug cannot be captured by in-depth study of a single strain background. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon with clinical implications. We tested how replicates from diverse strains of Candida albicans, a prevalent human fungal pathogen, evolve in the commonly prescribed antifungal drug fluconazole. Replicates on average increased in fitness in the level of drug they were evolved to, with the least fit parental strains improving the most. Very few replicates increased resistance above the drug level they were evolved in. Notably, many replicates increased in genome size and changed in drug tolerance (a drug response where a subpopulation of cells grow slowly in high levels of drug), and variability among replicates in fitness, tolerance, and genome size was higher in strains that initially were more sensitive to the drug. Genetic background influenced the average degree of adaptation and the evolved variability of many phenotypes, highlighting that different strains from the same species may respond and adapt very differently during adaptation.

How Intractability Spans the Cognitive and Evolutionary Levels of Explanation

The challenge of explaining how cognition can be tractably realized is widely recognized. Classical rationality is thought to be intractable due to its assumptions of optimization and/or domain generality, and proposed solutions therefore drop one or both of these assumptions. We consider three such proposals: Resource-Rationality, the Adaptive Toolbox theory, and Massive Modularity. All three seek to ensure tractability of cognition by shifting part of the explanation from the cognitive to the evolutionary level: evolution is responsible for producing the tractable architecture. We consider the three proposals and show that, in each case, the intractability challenge is not thereby resolved, but only relocated from the cognitive level to the evolutionary level. We explain how non-classical accounts do not currently have the upper hand on the new playing field.

UTILIZING BLOG IN ELT WRITING TO NON-ENGLISH MAJOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF WIRALODRA UNIVERSITY

Revolutionary Industry 4.0 demands the advanced of technology supports not only in evolutionary level of information and communication, but also in education. Seeking to promote interest of English in higher level of education, this study aims to find out students’ experiences in utilizing Blog to learn English especially writing activity. some researchers have About 15 of Non-English first-grade undergraduate students focusing on Mathematics Education Department will participate in this study. By conducting qualitative research method, questionnaires to 15 students are given to gain the data. The data from questionnaires then be interpreted for the experiences in utilizing blog in English writing activity. The result reveals that blog gave the students a place to share their ideas, exchange ideas, and improve their English as well as their writing ability. Utilizing blog in writing activity also gave them more knowledge about ICT especially in bloging. The findings also lead to some points for the teacher to consider before they utilize blog in writing activity. First, it is about time allocation and second is about involvement of larger number of students. The finding also suggest the teacher to provide longer time in doing blog project and big class is needed to have more meaningful interaction in the blog itself.

Morphological evolution of the skull roof in temnospondyl amphibians mirrors conservative ontogenetic patterns

Addressing the patterns of ontogenetic allometry is relevant to understand morphological diversification because allometry might constrain evolution to specific directions of change in shape but also facilitate phenotypic differentiation along lines of least evolutionary resistance. Temnospondyl amphibians are a suitable group to address these issues from a deep-time perspective because different growth stages are known for numerous Palaeozoic and Mesozoic species. Herein we examine the patterns of ontogenetic allometry in the skull roof of 15 temponspondyl species and their relationship with adult morphological evolution. Using geometric morphometrics, we assessed ontogenetic and evolutionary allometries of this cranial part and the distribution of adult shapes in the morphospace to investigate whether these patterns relate to each other and/or to lifestyle and phylogeny. We found conspicuous stereotyped ontogenetic changes of the skull roof which are mirrored at the evolutionary level and consistency of the adult shape with phylogeny rather than lifestyle. These results suggest that the evolution of adult cranial shape was significantly biased by development towards pathways patterned by ontogenetic change in shape. The retrieved conserved patterns agree with a widespread evolutionary craniofacial trend found in amniotes, suggesting that they might have originated early in tetrapod evolutionary history or even earlier.