scholarly journals Effects of temperature and ration on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a test of the direct proportionality assumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Stormer ◽  
Francis Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Somatic Size

Fish otoliths are commonly used to estimate somatic growth rate, but this depends on the assumption that the otolith and body grow in direct proportion. Environmental conditions contribute to variability in somatic growth and can result in deviations from direct proportionality in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship. In the present study we examined the otolith-to-body size relationship for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to simulated seasonal (summer, autumn and winter) water temperatures and feeding rations. The otolith-to-somatic size relationship became uncoupled during summer between fish subjected to the cool (15°C) and hot (21°C) water temperatures. A food ration effect was also observed during the summer, such that fish fed an unlimited ration had smaller otoliths than equivalently sized fish fed a limited ration. The effects of water temperature and ration disappeared by the end of autumn, indicating that a seasonal compensatory response occurred in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship after the extreme temperatures and food limitations were alleviated. In winter, this relationship became uncoupled again, but only between fish that were fed throughout the winter and fish that were starved during the 3-month experimental period. The effects of water temperature and rations on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship of juvenile Chinook salmon could have implications for accurately estimating somatic growth from otolith growth in natural populations and should be incorporated into back-calculation techniques.

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Arkoosh ◽  
Ahna L. Van Gaest ◽  
Stacy A. Strickland ◽  
Greg P. Hutchinson ◽  
Alex B. Krupkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to sublethal exposures of gas-supersaturated water

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Mesa ◽  
J J Warren
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

To assess the effects of gas bubble trauma (GBT) on the predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we created groups of fish that differed in prevalence and severity of gas emboli in their lateral lines, fins, and gills by exposing them to 112% total dissolved gas (TDG) for 13 days, 120% TDG for 8 h, or 130% TDG for 3.5 h. We subjected exposed and unexposed control fish simultaneously to predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) in water of normal gas saturation in 6, 18, and 10 tests using prey exposed to 112, 120, and 130% TDG, respectively. Only fish exposed to 130% TDG showed a significant increase in vulnerability to predation. The signs of GBT exhibited by fish sampled just prior to predator exposure were generally more severe in fish exposed to 130% TDG, which had the most extensive occlusion of the lateral line and gill filaments with gas emboli. Fish exposed to 112% TDG had the most severe signs of GBT in the fins. Our results suggest that fish showing GBT signs similar to those of our fish exposed to 130% TDG, regardless of their precise exposure history, may be more vulnerable to predation.

scholarly journals Rearing and migration of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a large river floodplain

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Takata ◽  
Ted R. Sommer ◽  
J. Louise Conrad ◽  
Brian M. Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Large River ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
And Migration

Predator–Prey Relationships for Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Feeding on Zooplankton in "in situ" Enclosures

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl K. English
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Successful Search ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were raised in 90-m3 mesh enclosures in Saanich Inlet, B.C. The enclosures permitted ample water and zooplankton circulation while retaining 5–6 g juvenile salmon. Mean growth rate was 1.8% wet body weight/d over 6 wk. Weekly growth rates ranged from 3.9%/d while food was abundant, to −0.5%/d when food was scarce. Zooplankton concentration inside and outside enclosures without fish were not significantly different. Organisms associated with the sides of the enclosures (non-pelagic) were not a major contributor to the growth of the juvenile chinook. There was a strong relationship between the fish growth rates and the abundance of 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. Rates of successful search varied directly with the size and inherent contrast of a prey item. The minimum rate of successful search was 2.3 m3/h for salmon feeding on 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. This rate of successful search, while far greater than previously suspected, is still within the visual capabilities of the juvenile salmon. The enclosed salmon grew rapidly on zooplankton concentrations that were 1/1000 of those required to sustain similar growth rates in tank experiments.Key words: predator–prey relationship, planktivorous salmonid, marine, "in situ" enclosures, search efficiency

Elevated incubation temperature improves later‐life swimming endurance in juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1428-1439
Author(s):  
Dan Dohyung Lim ◽  
C. Louise Milligan ◽  
Yolanda E. Morbey
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
Swimming Endurance
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