Illegal trade of aquarium species through the Brazilian postal service in Ceará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívio M. Gurjão ◽  
Glaura M. L. Barros ◽  
Daniele P. Lopes ◽  
Daniel A. N. Machado ◽  
Tito M. C. Lotufo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources

Brazil is one of the main suppliers of aquarium species globally, and Ceará state is a recognised trading centre for this activity. Despite Brazilian Postal Law forbidding the mailing of live or dead organisms, smugglers still use this service to transport aquarium species throughout the country. To assess this unlawful practice, the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) and the Brazilian Post and Telegraph Co. (ECT, Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos) conducted 57 confiscations involving domestic transportation only. The main origin and principal destination of the confiscated packages was south-eastern Brazil, especially São Paulo state, where package inspections must be intensified. Considering all groups of seized species, freshwater fish were by far the most represented organisms due to intense translocation of Betta splendens. Some of the confiscated marine fish, echinoderms and cnidarians are included in the Brazilian List of Threatened Species; thus, their exploitation is restricted or forbidden. In addition, only 18 of the seized species were native to Brazil, and just 12 of them occur naturally in Ceará state, which both raises concerns about potential bioinvasions and demands more control by the Brazilian authorities of smuggled species. Although some illegal traders were repeatedly caught mailing organisms, confiscations do seem to mitigate the illicit transportation of species to some extent.

scholarly journals TRAFFICKING OF ORNAMENTAL FISH IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e639
Author(s):  
Hélio BELTRÃO ◽  
Esner Robert Santos MAGALHÃES ◽  
Zehev Schwartz BENZAKEN ◽  
Raniere Garcez Costa SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Fish Collection ◽  
Using Data

The trafficking of ornamental fish is growing on a yearly basis in the Brazilian Amazon. This represents a serious threat to the biodiversity of the region. The objective of this research was to evaluate the trafficking of ornamental fish in the Brazilian Amazon using data from the seizures by the Federal Police and Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources - IBAMA. To assess and quantify this illegal trade, we gathered data relating to the period between January 2003 and January 2020. Information was obtained from IBAMA - Amazon - regional superintendence; National Amazon Research Institute - INPA regarding smuggled species that have been recovered and placed in its fish collection. The results show that in 98 seizures made by IBAMA, a total of 170,849 specimens of at least 73 species of 10 families, and 5 orders were recovered. Most of the illegally trafficked species are from the Loricariidae family (31 species, 8.47%). Hypancistrus zebra (Loricariidae), Potamotrygon jabuti, Potamotrygon leopoldi (Potamotrygonidae), Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and Osteoglossum ferreirai (Osteoglossidae) are the most targeted by the traffickers, due to their high value. At least 12 species are undescribed new species and were registered and placed in INPA’s fish collection. The fish followed different routes to reach the border that Brazil, Colombia, and Peru share. We conclude that in order to fight this illegal trade, tougher laws against smugglers, agreements with neighboring countries to combat trafficking, formal environmental education programs for riverine populations, and further scientific studies of smuggled species are necessary.

scholarly journals Mineral Resource Depletion Assessment: Alternatives, Problems, Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ponomarenko ◽  
Marina Nevskaya ◽  
Izabela Jonek-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Tin Deposit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Levels

The depletion of non-renewable natural resources (primarily mineral and energy resources) and its assessment is a problem that is analyzed based on the concept of sustainable development. Mineral resource depletion assessment is particularly important for resource-based economies. It provides for assessing the impact of mineral asset disposal that results from the suspension or termination of operations conducted by a mining company due to insurmountable circumstances. The results of such an event will be manifested at the national, regional, and local levels and felt by mining companies, suppliers, workers, the population of the territory, and other stakeholders. The study clarifies the attributes and essence of mineral resource depletion, analyzes the advantages and limitations of the existing tools for assessing mineral resource depletion, identifies depletion factors, describes a methodology for assessing mineral resource depletion, and contains a case study of a tin deposit. The results of the study contribute to the development of the theory on the depletion of non-renewable natural resources. They provide for assessing losses to social wellbeing that can be caused by stopping the use of profitable mineral reserves.

Culture of native catfish in Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Fazlul Awal Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Major Constraint

Abstract Bangladesh is rich in freshwater fish resources, with 260 indigenous and 13 exotic species. However, fish production from natural resources has declined due to overexploitation and lack of proper management over the last few decades. As a result, many species, including catfish that were once abundantly available, are facing the threat of extinction. Catfish in Bangladesh have potential for aquaculture. There are some 46 species of catfish in Bangladesh but non-availability of stockable-size fry has been identified as a major constraint towards their farming. However, seven species of catfish have been successfully induced to breed to propagate their seed under artificial conditions.

scholarly journals Polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses of seven threatened species of parrots (family Psittacidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jan ◽  
Luca Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

The parrot family represents one of the bird group with the largest number of endangered species, as a result of habitat destruction and illegal trade. This illicit traffic involves the smuggling of eggs and animals, and the laundering through captive breeding facilities of wild-caught animals. Despite the huge potential of wildlife DNA forensics to determine with conclusive evidence illegal trade, current usage of DNA profiling approaches in parrots has been limited by the lack of suitable molecular markers specifically developed for the focal species and by low cross-species polymorphism. In this study, we isolated DNA microsatellite markers in seven parrot species threatened with extinction (Amazona brasiliensis,A. oratrix,A. pretrei,A. rhodocorytha,Anodorhynchus leari,Ara rubrogenysandPrimolius couloni). From an enriched genomic library followed by 454 pyrosequencing, we characterized a total of 106 polymorphic microsatellite markers (mostly tetranucleotides) in the seven species and tested them across an average number of 19 individuals per species. The mean number of alleles per species and across loci varied from 6.4 to 8.3, with the mean observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Identity and parentage exclusion probabilities were highly discriminatory. The high variability displayed by these microsatellite loci demonstrates their potential utility to perform individual genotyping and parentage analyses, in order to develop a DNA testing framework to determine illegal traffic in these threatened species.

scholarly journals The vegetation of Tshanini Game Reserve and a comparison with equivalent units in the Tembe Elephant Park in Maputaland, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Gaugris ◽  
W.S. Matthews ◽  
M.W. Van Rooyen ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Northern Maputaland

The Tembe Elephant Park was proclaimed in 1983 after negotiations between the then KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resources and the Tembe Tribal Authority in consultation with the local communities of northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The park boundaries were subsequently fenced and animal numbers started to increase. The fence has kept the utilisation of renewable natural resources by the local communities at bay for the past 19 years. In this period, the vegetation of the park has been utilised only by the indigenous fauna, but it has been affected by management decisions and possibly also regional environmental changes.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Orang Utan Dari Perdagangan Ilegal

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Bagus Prasetyo ◽  
Rahtami Susanti ◽  
Bayu Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Network Expansion ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Orang Utan

Illegal trade in protected animals, including orangutans, is still rife in Indonesia, resulting in a decline in population from year to year. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of orangutans from illegal trade, based on Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Living Natural Resources and their Ecosystems and their inhibiting factors. The approach to the problem that will be used in this research is a normative juridical approach. The results of the study show that first, the number of orangutan populations has decreased due to illegal trade and there are several factors that hinder the protection of the orangutan population, such as logging, encroachment and road network expansion. The illegal trade in orangutans is something that must be considered because the punishment imposed on the perpetrators is still too light, with what they are doing. Therefore, the punishment and fines can be heavier so that the perpetrators are deterred. Stop forest hunting by tightening forest guarding and providing education about protected animals to the community. Likewise in protecting animals in the country of Indonesia.Keywords: protection, orangutans, illegal trade

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