The ulus elite of the Yakuts in the communicative space of the Russian state from the 17th to 19th centuries

The article discusses the incorporation of the elite of the Yakut uluses - traditional potestary institutions - into the Russian state through its communicative space. At the same time, a new interpretation of uluses is given as a special political form of organization of nomadic peoples. In view of their dispersed and mobile lifestyle, communication played an important role among them. With titles such as toyons, kniastsy , and "best people", the taxonomy of the representatives of the Yakut elite finds analogies among other nomadic peoples. The article discusses the genealogical principle of the legitimacy of power and the governance practice of the Russian state in Yakutia. This article breaks new ground by analyzing the routes and forms of political communication through which the influence of the Russian state on the ulus system in general and on the ulus elite in particular was carried out. The activities of the provincial administration in relation to toyons to make them Russian subjects are interpreted as a route for the formation of the communication space in the imperial outskirts. The delegations of the Yakut nobles to the Russian tsars of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the inclusion of Yakut elite representatives into the Russian nobility, expanded this space by increasing the Yakuts confidence in the ruling regime. The article also takes account of local features of this process, which influenced the rate and nature of incorporation. The paper characterizes the communicative practices of embedding the Yakut ulus elite into the district governance system of Yakutia. The author argues that typologically, the ideas of citizenship adopted in the Russian state and in the Yakut ulus elite coincided. The Yakut nobles, apparently, did not differ in this from the related Turkic-Mongol elites of Southern and Western Siberia, but differed, in turn, in the pace of transition to tsarist power, since the former had an alternative in the face of politically strong neighbors, for example, Dzungaria.

What Drives Water Utility Selection of Pricing Methods? Evidence from California

Water pricing is a demand management strategy to address the looming challenge of greater water scarcity in arid regions. Much of the literature on residential water rates focuses on evaluating the impact of pricing on household conservation. A separate, but rarely addressed question is what motivates a water utility to select a particular rate structure and the timing of doing so. We assess utilities’ decisions to adopt pro-conservation rate structures, such as increasing block rates and water budget rates. We develop a conceptual model of utility decision-making regarding the transition to pro-conservation rates and apply it to California.We examine the relationship between rate adoption and characteristics of utilities and customers using logistic regression and a balanced panel dataset of 323 California water systems from 2006-2015. We find a notable shift towards pro-conservation rates, which 71% of California utilities had by 2015, compared to 44% in 2006. Capacity factors associated with adoption include size of service population and customer income level, while motivating factors include peer adoption, greater customer engagement, and special district governance. Overall, this study provides insight into barriers to pro-conservation pricing, which can inform policies to enable transitions and advance conservation goals.

Balancing trust and control through dialogue meetings in Norwegian school district governance

Increased attention has been paid to school superintendents and their role in school reforms. Still, there are few studies on dialogue meetings between actors at different levels in the school hierarchy. The current paper investigates how a superintendent balances between trust and control while supporting school development through dialogue meetings. Drawing on interviews, reflection notes, and longitudinal observational data from dialogue meetings, comprising a superintendent, subordinated school leaders, and team leaders, this action research study provides insight into requirements for productive dialogue meetings. We argue that superintendent leadership through regular dialogue meetings can foster trust-building, empowerment, and professional commitment.

MASALAH SOSIAL DAN SOCIAL DEMAND DALAM AKSESIBITLAS PENDIDKAN

Mean Years School (MYS) Bogor district in 2018 amounted to 7,82 years. Means to obligated learn 9 year in Bogor district to 2018 not yet reached. Moreover, if looking policy 12 years in obligated learn of base education. The big mission for district governance to upgrading education level as effort to creat Indonesian excellent human resources. Knowing to cause of drop out or unable of society to educational access is very important, in order to find best solutions of solve the problem it. The research objective is create schematic for explain to cause of drop out in Bogor district. It use survey method to 11 subdistrict with amount 184 people respondent. The result it is cause of drop out or unable to educational access in Bogor district, 1) Educational costs are unaffordable, 2) Interest to join traditional pesantren is very high, 3) More choose to work, cause to aid family economic, 4) bullying in school, 5) the child don’t school interest, 6) bad social intercourse, 7) a women; more choose is married, and 8) the opinion of social environmental is unembarrassing, if no schooling. The highest cause is why people drop out or unable to educational access is educational costs are unaffordable.

The role of district leaders for organization social capital

Purpose Although it is assumed that school district governance by districts leaders can impact schools’ capacity to improvement and educational quality, there is little systematic evidence to support this claim. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how governance goals and interventions affect school districts’ social capital. Design/methodology/approach The empirical enquiry used quantitative data on district leaders enacting governance as perceived by their school principals. These data were collected among 399 school principals of 23 Dutch school districts in elementary education, using a survey. Social network data on social capital within school districts were collected using a social network survey among educational administrators (i.e. district leaders, central office administrators and school principals). Additionally, examples of the relation between school district social capital and governance at six school districts were described. Findings Results suggest that district leaders can promote the organizational social capital of their school districts through focusing on educational goals. In addition, the findings show that they can reinforce their impact by using interventions varying in coercion level, of which offering support to school principals appears to be “a golden button” to make organizational social capital thrive. Research limitations/implications Limitations to the study are the generalizability of the findings (they can be questioned because “convenience sampling” was used) and warrant a longitudinal design to examine how organization social capital develops over time. Originality/value The study is unique as it addresses the impact district leaders may have on their districts’ social capital by focusing on social network approach in the study of school district governance.

Continuity and Change in Chinese Grassroots Governance: Shanghai’s Local Administrative System

Since the retreat of the workplace system, Chinese cities have been presented with the important challenge of refurbishing local administrative systems at the sub-district level while meeting the emerging needs of new urban spaces. Building on new institutionalism concepts such as conversion and layering, this study examines conditions in Shanghai to ascertain what has made it a strong administrative city. The study discusses the development of Shanghai’s current local governance structure in terms of historical legacy, formal structure, and informal practices (i.e., two-tiered government and three-tiered management). This study also researches the complex state task of strengthening sub-district governance (so-called “community construction”) in urban China. The results of this study offer theoretical implications for institutional change and continuity related to these matters, thereby indicating that increased attention should be given to the agency-side explanation of endogenous institutional changes in the Chinese polity.

GAPURA SEBAGAI DESAIN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL TENUN TROSO KABUPATEN JEPARA

Gapura as the entrance to tourist sites Troso weaving is very important, because it is a symbol of visual communication design at the forefront of the village entrance. In general, the purpose of this study to find answers that fit with the main problem is how the gate can visualize the concept of brand visual communication to give impact to the development of Troso Jepara Weaving. The research method is descriptive, that is to make an accurate, systematic and factual explanation about the facts and nature of the population or specific location in this sense in research. The Troso weaving gate was originally established in 2012 and was inaugurated by the district governance of Jepara. Prospects after the gate of Troso Weaving can be seen on the Propinsi road from Semarang to downtown Jepara, it is expected that many people come to Troso village, so that entrepreneurs can market directly to buyers without third party intermediaries.