Trichoptera of a Victorian forest stream: Species composition and life histories

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Dean ◽  
DI Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Pack ◽  
Forest Stream

The species composition and life histories of the Trichoptera of a Victorian forest stream were investigated for 21 months. Monthly samples were collected from zones of fast current in midstream over the whole study period, and also from side riffles and leaf-pack accumulations for periods of 7 and 8 months, respectively. In all, 40 species were recorded as larvae, and it is suggested that species richness is similar to comparable streams in the Northern Hemisphere. The communities of all three biotopes were dominated by Tamasia acuta (Calocidae). Information is presented on life histories of the nine most abundant species. Ethochorema turbidum (Hydrobiosidae) exhibited a non-seasonal life history, while the remaining eight species were seasonal and displayed varying degrees of synchrony. Tamasia acuta required 2-3 years to complete the life cycle, Alloerella grisea (Helicophidae) required 1-2 years, and the other six species were univoltine. Agapetus monticolus and A. kimminsi (Glossosomatidae) were temporally segregated, with the former emerging in spring and early summer and the latter in summer and autumn.

Seasonal Occurrence of Adult Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in West-Central Illinois

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
Jason E. Willand
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Illinois

Abstract The Carabidae is a diverse family of beetles with many species of interest in conservation and biological control. Carabid beetle adult seasonal activity patterns were studied in a west-central Illinois forest/reconstructed tallgrass prairie matrix over a 2-yr period using pitfall traps. We found a threefold or greater difference in carabid abundance between years. Despite lower abundance, a second year of sampling yielded seven previously undetected species. Abundance and species richness were greatest in May–July and lower in August–October. Relative abundance and species richness were consistent among months between years. Shannon diversity and effective number of species were lowest in June and July. Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte) and Chlaenius platyderus Chaudoir were the two most abundant species, comprising 54.3% of total captures. These species were most abundant in July and June, respectively. Most species showed greatest abundance in spring or early summer, and declined thereafter. Collections of several species were suggestive of bimodal seasonal patterns. Carabid species composition differed significantly among months, but not between years. Our results document seasonal variation in carabid abundance and species composition, and show that sampling throughout the growing season, and multiple sampling years, provide substantial benefits for assessments of carabid diversity in this region.

scholarly journals The chromosome cycle in Coccidia and Gregarines

1915 ◽  
Vol 89 (610) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Careful Investigation

Despite the large amount of work which has already been devoted to the study of the Coccidia and Gregarines, very little indeed is known definitely about the behaviour of the chromosomes in these Protozoa. Not only has the chromosome cycle been left uninvestigated and undescribed in the majority of these organisms which have hitherto been studied, but the very existence of chromosomes in the nuclear divisions at many stages in the life-history of certain forms has even been denied; and the most contradictory and unsatis­factory accounts have been given of that most important phase in the life-cycle of the chromosomes—the phase of meiosis, or reduction. In order to fill up this gap in our knowledge of the Sporozoa, we have made —during the last few years—a very detailed study of the chromosomes of a coccidian and a gregarine. One of us (C. D.) has investigated the coccidian Aggregate eberthi Labbé, whilst the other (A. P. J.) has studied the gregarine Diplocystis schneideri Kunstler. Careful investigation of these two organisms has shown that the nuclear divisions at all stages in the life-histories are mitotic, and that the chromosome numbers are remarkably constant.

A structural gradient in cerrado vegetation of Brazil: changes in woody plant density, species richness, life history and plant composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luci Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Tabarelli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Structural Types

Four structural types of cerrado vegetation were examined to test the following hypotheses: (1) there are predictable changes in woody plant density, species richness and life-history strategies from one structural type to another; and (2) plant species composition in the less-rich structural types represent particular and impoverished subsets of those found in the richer ones. The study was conducted at Fazenda Palmares (5°33′S, 42°37′W) Piauí State, Brazil. A 47% decrease in woody plant density between cerradão (forest) and the least-dense type of cerrado sensu stricto (scrub) was associated with a 40% decrease in species richness. The percentage of lower-layer species was reduced by 29% in the least dense type of cerrado sensu stricto compared to cerradão. The proportion of species that flower and fruit during the rainy season was also reduced by one third. Species were not distributed as impoverished subsets along the cerradão–cerrado sensu stricto gradient. It is argued that the reduction in woody plant density and richness is partly due to factors limiting the occurrence of species with particular life-history strategies. The species composition of structural types is affected by the ‘mass effect’ and also by surrounding biotas, which provide species that colonize particular types of cerrado vegetation. Both these processes reduce the likelihood that the species composition in the poorer structural types are simple subsets of those present in the richer types.

scholarly journals Adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) attracted to artificial lights in the middle reaches of the Shinano River from 2005 to 2007

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
GORO KIMURA ◽  
EISO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Flood

The species composition and abundance of adult caddisflies attracted to the illuminated showcase of a vending machine set along the middle reaches of the Shinano River were investigated every Sunday night from April to November in 2005 to 2007. A total of 1,405 adult caddisflies was collected during the investigation periods. We identified a total of 13 species belonging to 11 genera of 8 families. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) each year. Psychomyia acutipennis adults were collected from mid-May to the beginning of October (the range of mean air temperature was 13.8 to 27.7°C), with its seasonal abundance divided into several peaks, i.e., the end of May, the beginning of June, and the end of August to the beginning of September in both 2006 and 2007. On the other hand, in 2005 when there was no large-scale summer flood and there were no marked abundance peaks. The present study suggests that the mean air temperature and summer floods impacted the seasonal abundance of P. acutipennis adults.

scholarly journals O Efeito do Fogo sobre a Comunidade de Abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em Floresta de Transição Cerrado-Amazônia (Mato Grosso, Brasil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubia França da Silva Giehl ◽  
Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão ◽  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Josias Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Sara Miranda Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Transitional Forest ◽  
Fire Area

Os efeitos de queimadas induzidas sobre a comunidade de abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foram avaliados em floresta de transição entre o Cerrado e a Floresta Amazônica, no leste do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A riqueza, abundância e a composição de Euglossini foram determinadas em uma área controle não queimada (preservada), uma área queimada anualmente desde 2004 (degradação intermediária) e uma área queimada trienalmente desde 2004 (degradação elevada). Testamos a hipótese de que áreas com diferentes frequências de queimadas apresentam menor abundância de machos, menor riqueza e diferente composição de espécies de Euglossini em relação à área controle. As técnicas de coleta ativa e passiva de abelhas foram aplicadas usando seis substâncias puras para atração dos machos: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. Sete espécies foram catalogadas e não houve diferença nas abundâncias entre as três áreas amostradas (F (2, 12) = 0,150; p= 0,8). A riqueza estimada de espécies na área controle foi superior à área com fogo trienal (12 ± 3,8; 4 ± 2, respectivamente), enquanto a área com fogo anual apresentou riqueza intermediária (8 ± 4,35) e superior àquela da área com fogo trienal. A análise de UPGMA revelou diferença significativa quanto a composição de espécies da área de fogo trienal para as outras duas áreas. As queimadas anual e trienal reduziram a riqueza de espécies e alteraram a composição de espécies, com efeitos mais evidentes na área com fogo trienal, causando efeitos deletérios sobre a comunidade das abelhas das orquídeas. The effect of Fire on the Community of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Cerrado-Amazon Transitional Forest (Mato Grosso, Brazil) Abstract. We evaluated the effects of induced burned on Euglossini bee assemblages (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a transitional area between Cerrado and Amazonia, eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. We determinate abundances, richness and composition of Euglossini in three plots: control plot (unburned), plot burned each year since 2004 (intermediate degradation), plot burned each three years since 2004 (high degradation). We tested the hypothesis that two burned plots present lower male abundances, less species richness and different species composition in comparison with the control plot. We collected male bees actively and passively by using six pure fragrances: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. We collected seven species with no differences in male abundances among three plots (F (2, 12)= 0.150; p= 0.8). Estimated richness species in control the plot was higher than the plot burned each three years (12 ± 3.8; 4± 2, respectively), while plot burned each year showed intermediate richness (8 ± 4.35) and higher than plot burned each three years. Cluster Analysis (UPGMA) revealed significant differences in species composition of the triennial fire area to the other two areas. Our results suggest that fire occurring with different frequencies in transitional forest promote decreases in richness of species and modifications in species composition. These modifications were clearer in plot more degraded (burned each three years) and induce deleterious effects on orchid bee assemblage.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

scholarly journals Succession in harvestman (Opiliones) communities within an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallieter De Smedt ◽  
Sam Van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Natural Succession ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Activity Density

Sand mining strongly alters the existing landscape, transforming an area into a mosaic of native (sand deposits) and foreign soils, strongly influencing biotic development. The method of restoration of such excavated areas is often debated: natural succession or active restoration. We investigated how natural succession shapes harvestman communities, as part of the soil-dwelling community. We sampled harvestmen over a continuous period of 14 months in 25 plots in an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium using pitfall traps. We found significant increases in harvestman activity-density, species richness and diversity with time since abandonment of the various sections of the quarry. After about 15 years, a drastic change in species composition was observed with the establishment of forest species that more strongly depend on humid conditions to complete their life cycle. Colonisation of harvestmen closely followed vegetation succession despite their limited mobility. We argue that natural succession could be a good management tool for restoring harvestman communities as well as those of other soil-dwelling invertebrates in abandoned sand quarries.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF THREE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MESOVELIA (HEMIPTERA-MESOVELIIDAE).,

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Common Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The Other

The purpose of this paper is to present what is known at the present time concerning the life histories and habits of the Mesoveliidae, particularly those of three species of the genus Mesovelia Muls. found in North America. Studies on our most common species, Mesovelia mulsanti bisignata Uhler, were carried out in Michigan and Kansas, while biological notes on the other two species were taken in the region of Douglas Lake, Michigan, their only known habitat. Isolated rearings and life history studies of all three species were made at Lawrence, Kansas.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Communicative Process

The individualistic orientation of life histories has long been hailed as an antidote to the generalizing tendencies of ethnographic research. However, the life history method is not without problems of its own, as the author explains by referencing some of the most well celebrated life histories and so-called “autobiographies” in the anthropological corpus. The traditional method of composing the life history as a flowing narrative is not only morally dishonest but also intellectually inadequate because it conveys the false impression of a chronologically timeless and uninterrupted soliloquy. By focusing only on the final product, life histories ignore the other two components in the communicative process. In this opening chapter, the author emphasizes the need to (re-)insert the producer and process into the research equation.

The Relationship of Form and Function of Minute Characters of Lepidopterous Larvae, and its Importance in Life-History Studies

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rae MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe information to be obtained from thorough life-history studies is an extremely useful tool, perhaps especially so when ecology is being emphasized, as it is to-day, by the life-table and other mathematical approaches to the study of population processes. This information is desired by workers in many fields of entomology – by the biological and chemical control experts, the biomathematicians, the theorists and even the taxonomists. However, much of the knowledge that these workers require, for instance the fine distinctions of behaviour and environment, has been overlooked in most life-history studies, and I strongly suspect that one of the weaknesses of studies of this nature has been the failure to analyse the mode of living of an insect (or, in the case of Lepidoptera, of the immature forms) in relation to the anatomy on one hand and environmental circumstances on the other. To look for these relationships, I believe that one requires (a) the ability and perseverance to perceive detail as minute as that required for a taxonomic study, and (b) a considerable knowledge of the taxonomic detail that is to be obtained from basic morphological studies. Therefore, in this paper, attention is drawn to pertinent structural characters of lepidopterous larvae and their probable connection with the behaviour and microhabitats of the larvae, in the hope that some guidance may be offered to future students of life-histories, at least in Lepidoptera.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document