Spatial variation in concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Morrisey ◽  
JS Stark ◽  
L Howitt ◽  
AJ Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Copper Lead

Spatial variation in the distribution of copper, lead and zinc in sediments in Botany Bay, Australia, is described. Sampling was done according to a nested, hierarchical design, and variation was detected at spatial scales from 10 m to several kilometres. In studies where the design of sampling is inadequate, the existence of variation at small spatial scales will confound comparisons at larger scales. Adequate replication at different scales, necessary to avoid confounding, has rarely been done in published studies. Implications of 'patchiness' for environmental sampling and monitoring, and the means of overcoming associated problems, are discussed.

Heavy metal pollution and macrobenthic assemblages in soft sediments in two Sydney estuaries, Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Copper Lead

The influence of heavy metals (copper, lead and zinc) associated with urban runoff, on assemblages of macrofauna in intertidal soft sediments was studied in two estuaries in the Sydney region. The patterns of distribution and abundance of fauna and assemblages was found to vary significantly at several spatial scales: within bays in an estuary, between bays within an estuary and between bays from different estuaries. Significant differences were found in concentrations of heavy metals in sediments, but there was very little difference among bays in other environmental variables: grain-size characteristics and organic matter content of sediments. Bays polluted by heavy metals had significantly different assemblages to unpolluted bays, were generally less diverse and were characterized by an order-of-magnitude greater abundance of capitellids, spionids, nereids and bivalves. Unpolluted bays had greater abundance of crustaceans and several polychaete families, including paraonids and nephtyids and were generally more diverse. There was a significant correlation between patterns of assemblages and concentrations of heavy metals, but not with other environmental variables.

scholarly journals Distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc in marine sediments in Hong Kong waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
S. C. Choi ◽  
Onyx W. H. Wai ◽  
W. H. Lo ◽  
X. D. Li ◽  
C. W. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Hong Kong Waters ◽  
Copper Lead

scholarly journals Research NoteEffect of drought and fires on the quality of water in Lithuanian rivers

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sakalauskiene ◽  
G. Ignatavicius
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lithuanian Rivers ◽  
River Bottom ◽  
Copper Lead

Abstract. In August and September 2002, concentrations of heavy metals (copper, lead, and zinc) were 21-74% more than in previous years in Lithuanian rivers. Such a sudden increase in heavy metal pollution reduces the value of any water body for fishing or recreation and poses a potential risk to the environment and to human health. Droughts in the summer of 2002 led to forest and peat bog fires all over Lithuania and may have caused the increase in concentrations of heavy metals detected in Lithuanian rivers in August 2002. The fires could have changed the pH in the top layers of the soil, overcome geochemical barriers in the soil and enabled heavy metals to migrate from the soil to the groundwater and from river bottom sediments to the surface water. Keywords: heavy metals, river water quality, Lithuania

scholarly journals Researches on the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in the soil in tomatoes -Solanum lycopersicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Mihaela Niţu ◽  
Augustina Pruteanu ◽  
Despina Maria Bordean ◽  
Carmen Popescu ◽  
Gyorghy Deak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Copper Lead

Heavy metals in contaminated soils have benefited from a considerable attention due to the possible risks for the human body. The current study has investigated the accumulation and transfer coefficient for three heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) found in the contaminated soil with three concentrations (c1=1.5%, c2=3.0%, c3=4.5%, c4=6.0%), obtained by mixing the three metals, in the tomato fruit. The highest accumulation in the tomato fruits was recorded for zinc, then copper and the smallest for lead, for all four concentrations used. The transfer coefficient decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases, so that for high heavy metals concentrations, the values of the transfer coefficient are very low, and for small heavy metals concentrations in the soil, the values for the transfer coefficient are higher. The assessment of accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in the fruits of tomatoes grown in the contaminated soil has concluded that all concentrations of the copper, lead and zinc mix have shown a low risk for human consumption.

scholarly journals Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn using Allium cepa L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Abubacker ◽  
C. Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Chromosome Break ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Chromosome Bridge ◽  
Copper Lead

ABSTRACT: Angiosperms are recognized as appropriate genetic models to detect heavy metal based environmental mutagens and are used in monitoring studies. Allium cepa (onion) has been used to evaluate DNA damages like chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in the mitotic cycle. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxic effects of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in A. cepa root tip squash mitotic cell divisions. The root tips were treated with three concentrations, viz. 5, 10 and 20 mg/100 ml of chromium, copper, lead and zinc at room temperature for 24 h. Mitotic indices and chromosomal abnormalities were calculated. It was observed that these heavy metals induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities comprising of Chromosome break, Chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, Vagrant, Delayed Anaphase and Vagrant, Chromosome Loss, Polyploidy and Chromosome Bridge, Chromosome Loss and Loculated Nucles, Stickiness, Multipolarity and Polyploid prophase along with the increasing doses. The effect of chromium and lead at 20 mg/100 ml concentration was found to be more toxic rather than copper and zinc to the root meristem of A. cepa. The ranking of cytotoxic potentials was in the descending order: lead > chromium > copper > zinc.

Distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc in marine sediments in Hong Kong waters

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Choi ◽  
Onyx W. H. Wai ◽  
Thomas W. H. Choi ◽  
X. D. Li ◽  
C. W. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Hong Kong Waters ◽  
Copper Lead

Accumulation of Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Various Tissues of the River Crab from Northeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1745-1748
Author(s):  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Jun Rui Wu ◽  
Xi Qing Yue ◽  
Jian Zang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Copper Lead

The presence of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species including human. River crabs are sensitive to heavy metals .The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were analyzed in muscles, hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeletons using ICP-MS . Zinc was greater in muscles and hepatopancreas, whereas copper was greater in muscles and gills. Cadmium and lead were within the range of limits for hazardous substance about the pollution-free food. Then river crab can be an effective bioindicator for assessing metal levels in environment.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AND ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE SAMPLES AS A TOOL FOR THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Jemima Gonçalves Pinto FONSECA ◽  
Lucas Prudêncio EITERER ◽  
Marcelo Henrique OTENIO ◽  
Leônidas Paixão PASSOS ◽  
Júlio César José SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Copper Lead

The influence of temperature and rainfall on nutrient levels, heavy metals, and etiologic agents in sludge samples collected at the Sewage Treatment Station of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was verified over 24 months. The results showed high levels of nitrogen (4.7-5.2%), phosphorus (1.4-2.2%), potassium (0.076-0.106%), magnesium (0.113-0.386%), iron 5.03%) and zinc (38.2-6902.1 mg Kg-1). For most of the investigated samples, the concentration of zinc was above the maximum allowed value (2,800 mg Kg-1). The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, copper, and lead were below the maximum values allowed by the legislation. Parasitological analyzes identified thermotolerant coliforms (0.49-160 NMP g-1) and helminth eggs (1 egg), however, in amounts less than allowed by legislation. These results are indicative of the efficiency of the sewage treatment process. The results showed a significant influence of the meteorological parameters on the concentrations of nitrogen, copper, lead, zinc and pathogens in the sludge. The results also showed a strong correlation between the concentrations of copper, lead and zinc indicating that the presence of these elements in the sewage sludge has a common origin. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using the investigated matrix as fertilizer when collected in rainy periods when it favors the dilution of the elements present in their soluble forms.

Use of the mussel Mytilus edulis planulatus (Lamarck) in monitoring heavy metal levels in seawater

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Ritz ◽  
R Swain ◽  
NG Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
Sensitive Method ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

The accumulation of cadmium, copper; lead and zinc in tissues of M.e.planulatus was examined at a number of metal concentrations in seawater. In every case, a linear relationship was found, in some cases after exposure to the metal for up to 86 days. The relationship between rate of accumulation of a metal over a 40- day period and its concentration in seawater was determined for each metal. From the results of field trials, it was concluded that the rate of accumulation could be used as a sensitive method of estimating concentrations of metals in seawater, with greater convenience than methods involving direct analysis. A monitoring program, in which M.e. planulatus is used to quantify levels of heavy metals in seawater; is proposed with certain limitations. The effects of extraneous parameters, both biological and physicochemical, on the accumulation of the metals were examined in relation to the ways in which they might limit the usefulness of this mussel in such a monitoring program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Concentration of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Different Brands of Cigarette Sold in Keffi Main Market of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Idris Yahaya ◽  
Abdullahi A. Mundi ◽  
Idris M. Mustapha ◽  
Jibrin Isah ◽  
Musa Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
State University ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Sun Light ◽  
Metals Exposure ◽  
Copper Lead

Background: Tobacco smoking is one source of heavy metals exposure in the general population. Tobacco smoke has toxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic properties and has been linked to fatal pregnancy outcomes. Aim: This research was carried out to investigate the concentration of Copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in different cigarette brands sold in Keffi main market of Nasarawa state and compare with recommended standard. Study Design: To determine the presence of heavy metals in different brands of cigarette sold in Keffi main Market, Nasarawa State, Nigeria and compare them with relevant authorities’ standard. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in the department of physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria between March 2018 and November, 2018. Materials and Methods: Ten brands of cigarette were purchased from Keffi main central market using random sampling. The cigarettes were expose to sun light for 3 hours until they became dry. The filters and papers of the cigarettes were removed after drying and the tobacco content were pulverized using agate mortar and pestle. The processed samples were packaged in a well labelled polyethylene bag. A total of ten samples (one sample per brand) were analyzed using XRF spectrometry. Results: The range of Cu, Pd, and Zn concentration in ten brands of cigarette were (14.30 to 64.30 mg/kg), (5.43 to 10.55mg/kg), and (12.05 to 160.45 mg/kg) respectively. The brand with the highest concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn are St. moriz (160.45 mg/kg), London (10.55 mg/kg) and Benson (64.30 mg/kg) respectively, while the lowest concentration found in Bohem (12.05 mg/kg), Excel (5.43 mg/kg), and Yes (14.30 mg/kg) respectively. Conclusion: The concentration of Cu, Pd, and Zn are high in most of the cigarette brands. Concentration of Pb are above the recommended limit reported in the United Kingdom (1.35mg/kg) and Korea (0.74 mg/kg). Concentration Cu and Zn are also high in the cigarette brands.

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