Critical issues and new challenges for research and management of invasive plants in the Pacific Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
The Pacific

Invasive alien species are recognized as a major threat to island biodiversity and ecosystem functions worldwide, with well-documented, detrimental impacts on the native biota of Oceania. Despite their high number and rapid increase in the Pacific Islands, invasive alien plants (IAP) have received less attention by researchers, managers, and the general public compared to invasive animals (e.g., predatory mammals). Indeed, although lists of IAP in natural and agroecosystems have been set up in most island countries and territories, their ecological and socio-economical impacts are still not well documented and/or popularized. Very few IAP eradication successes have been reported, and postcontrol monitoring and cost-benefit analysis are often missing. Moreover, most of the published studies have been conducted in the Hawaiian and the Galápagos islands. This essay is a call for more research and management efforts on IAP in Oceania, especially in the small tropical Pacific Islands. Focal areas should not only include species bioecology, control strategies and methods and prioritization systems (including risk assessments), but also better understanding of island ecosystems functioning (e.g. forest dynamics and resilience), with the integration of past and present anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The importance of “novel” ecosystems, where natural habitats have been partially or totally modified by humans, and the potential effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems should be addressed, and new conservation and management strategies defined in the Pacific Islands, in order to try to halt biodiversity erosion in highly vulnerable island ecosystems.

Welfare considerations in future selection and management strategies

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper considers the welfare implications of breeding, feeding and managing dairy cows for increased productivity. The physiological demands of lactation for the high genetic merit dairy cow are exceptional, less in their intensity and more in their duration. Most welfare problems can be attributed less to productivity per se than to systems of feeding, milking and management that are unsuitable to the genotype of the high yielding cow. These include the inadequacies of wet grass silage as a staple food and the abnormal restriction of cows to twice-daily milking. It is also necessary to consider welfare problems that may arise from the application of new technologies to increase milk yield or to increase the rate of genetic progress. These may be related to the process itself or to its consequences. It is proposed that the commercial exploitation of these new technologies should be controlled by legislation similar to that for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes which applies a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the cost to the animal can be justified in terms of any potential benefit to society.

Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Eragrostis amabilis is an annual terrestrial grass with pan-tropical distribution, naturalized elsewhere in the neo-tropics, that is used as an ornamental grass and for lawns. It is a common weed in disturbed, open areas, such as those close to forest margins and along roadsides, and often grows as a weed in upland rice crops in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is listed as invasive in the Pacific Islands, Central America and Cuba, but no further information is available about its impacts or invasiveness in natural or semi-natural habitats in its non-native range.

scholarly journals PMS33 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO REDUCE ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. A439
Author(s):  
W Srijariya ◽  
A Riewpaiboon ◽  
U Chaikledkaew ◽  
P Pongcharoensuk
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries

scholarly journals Structure in the variability of the basic reproductive number (R0) for Zika epidemics in the Pacific islands

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Champagne ◽  
David Georges Salthouse ◽  
Richard Paul ◽  
Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau ◽  
Benjamin Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

Before the outbreak that reached the Americas in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated in Asia and the Pacific: these past epidemics can be highly informative on the key parameters driving virus transmission, such as the basic reproduction number (R0). We compare two compartmental models with different mosquito representations, using surveillance and seroprevalence data for several ZIKV outbreaks in Pacific islands (Yap, Micronesia 2007, Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia 2013-2014, New Caledonia 2014). Models are estimated in a stochastic framework with recent Bayesian techniques. R0 for the Pacific ZIKV epidemics is estimated between 1.5 and 4.1, the smallest islands displaying higher and more variable values. This relatively low range of R0 suggests that intervention strategies developed for other flaviviruses should enable as, if not more effective control of ZIKV. Our study also highlights the importance of seroprevalence data for precise quantitative analysis of pathogen propagation, to design prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

scholarly journals A cost-benefit analysis of document management strategies used at a financial institution in Zimbabwe: A case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodreck David ◽  
Patrick Ngulube ◽  
Adock Dube
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Approaches

Background: Choosing a cost-effective document management approach has become a priority to many organisations, especially in view of the rapidly changing technological environment in which information is being created and managed. A literature survey indicated that document management strategies have the potential to provide some substantial cost-saving benefits if they are used judiciously.Objectives: This study investigated a commercial bank’s document management approaches in a bid to ascertain the costs and benefits of each strategy and related issues.Method: A quantitative research approach was employed through a case study which was used to gather data from a sampled population in the bank.Results: The document management approaches used were not coordinated to improve operational efficiency. There were regulations governing documents management. The skills and competences of staff on both document management and cost analysis are limited. That is partly due to limited training opportunities availed to them. That means that economies are not achieved in the management of records. That has a negative impact on the overall efficiency, effectiveness and legal compliance of the banking institution.Conclusion: The financial institutions should create regulations enabling periodical cost-benefit analysis of document management regimes used by the bank at least at quarterly intervals as recommended by the National Archives of Australia. A hybrid approach in managing records is recommended for adoption by the financial institution. There should be on-the-job staff training complimented by attendance at relevant workshops and seminars to improve the staff’s understanding of both the cost-benefit analysis concept and document management.

scholarly journals Valorisation of By-Products from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Processing

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Colletti ◽  
Andrea Attrovio ◽  
Luisa Boffa ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
Giancarlo Cravotto
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
By Products

In recent years, increased awareness of the health benefits associated with consuming soy-based foods, knowledge of milk-related allergies and a move towards more sustainable food production have led to an increase in the number of available soy-based products. The biggest producers in the world, the USA, South America and China, are from the Pacific region. This enormous production is accompanied by the accumulation of related by-products, in particular, a substance that is known as okara. Okara is a paste that is rich in fibre (50%), protein (25%), fat (10%), vitamins and trace elements. Its proper use would lead to economic advantages and a reduction in the potential for polluting the environment. Its high fibre content and low production costs mean that it could also be used as a dietary supplement to prevent diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidaemia. Chemical or enzymatic treatment, fermentation, extrusion, high pressure and micronisation can all increase the soluble fibre content, and thus improve nutritional quality and processing properties. However, the product also degrades rapidly due to its high moisture content (70–80%), which makes it difficult to handle and expensive to dry by conventional means. The aim of this paper is therefore to thoroughly study the existing literature on this subject in order to develop a general protocol for okara exploitation and valorisation. A cost/benefit analysis could drive the design of eco-friendly, sustainable protocols for the preparation of high-value nutritional products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document