The threat by the invasive African tulip tree, Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv., for the critically endangered Fijian tree, Pterocymbium oceanicum A.C.Sm.; revisiting an assessment based on expert knowledge after extensive field surveys

Extensive field surveys of the Critically Endangered Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld have uncovered that Notobubon striatum, as currently circumscribed, comprises two distinct species. Upon careful examination of the type material it has become clear that names exist for both species. The type specimen of N. striatum clearly matches the lesser known species, a large shrub, ca. 1 m. tall, with a powerful anise-scent and which is restricted to the banks of seasonal rivers and watercourses in the Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. The second and better known entity, with a wider distribution, corresponds to the type material of Dregea collina Ecklon & Zeyher. As such, a new combination, Notobubon collinum (Ecklon & Zeyher) Magee, is here made to accommodate this taxon, restricted to dry quartz and silcrete patches or outcrops in Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. In their revised circumscriptions N. striatum and N. collinum are readily distinguished by habit, scent, leaf size and division, as well as leaf lobe shape and sepal size. Comprehensive descriptions of both species are provided, together with notes on their ecology and conservation status, and the existing key to the species of Notobubon updated. This brings the number of recognised species in the genus to thirteen.

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Habitat Characteristics Coincidence of Dead and Living Long-Tailed Gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) According to Extreme Snowfall

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 997

Author(s):

Hee-Bok Park ◽

Sungwon Hong

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution Modeling ◽

Habitat Characteristics ◽

Heavy Snowfall ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Location Data ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Occurrence Data ◽

Animal Remains ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Lower Mobility

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is a critically endangered herbivore in South Korea. Despite government efforts to recover the population through reintroduction programs, the animal remains vulnerable to heavy snowfall. From March to June 2010, 24 animals were found dead due to heavy snowfall in the Wangpi Stream basin. In this study, we hypothesized that gorals that died due to snowfall are low-status individuals that lived in the sub-optimal or non-suitable areas. Using the occurrence data from extensive field surveys from 2008 to 2010 in the Wangpi Stream and the carcass location data, we (1) defined the goral habitat characteristics and (2) compared the habitat characteristics between dead and living gorals using ensemble species distribution modeling. The results suggested that the sites where dead gorals were found were highly related to typical goral habitats. These results implied that the optimal goral habitats could become uninhabitable following heavy snowfall. Most of the dead animals were pregnant females or were young, implying that they could not escape their primary habitats due to lower mobility. Thus, when there is a climate catastrophe, the optimal goral habitats should be considered for rescue and artificial feeding.

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Chemotaxonomic study of the Lethariella cladonioides complex (lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae)

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282911000119 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dong-ling NIU ◽

Hiroshi HARADA ◽

Li-song WANG ◽

Ying-jun ZHANG ◽

Chong-ren YANG

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Chemical Polymorphism ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Chemotaxonomic Study

AbstractA chemotaxonomic study was carried out on the Lethariella cladonioides complex, including L. sernanderi and L. cashmeriana of the subgenus Chlorea, based on extensive field surveys and a detailed morphological and chemical analysis. Only one species, L. cladonioides made up of five chemical races, is recognized. Lethariella sernanderi and L. cashmeriana are reduced to synonyms under L. cladonioides. The presence of a remarkable chemical polymorphism within the population of L. cladonioides is demonstrated. New data on the chemistry and the distribution of the species are presented.

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Legumes of Kerala, India: a checklist

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6475.13.5.18257-18282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 18257-18282

Author(s):

Anoop P. Balan ◽

S.V. Predeep

Keyword(s):

Western Ghats ◽

Single Species ◽

Biodiversity Hotspot ◽

The State ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Kerala State ◽

The Western Ghats

A checklist of the legumes of Kerala State is presented. This exhaustive checklist is an outcome of extensive field surveys, collection, identification and documentation of family Leguminosae carried out across Kerala State during the period 2006–2019. A total of 448 taxa were recorded under five subfamilies and 115 genera. The majority of the legumes are herbs and shrubs, the rest being trees and woody climbers. About 81 taxa are endemic to India, especially confined to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, out of which 17 are endemic to Kerala. The state is home to two Critically Endangered and six Endangered legumes, facing severe threat of extinction. Crotalaria is the dominant legume genus in the state with 62 taxa followed by Desmodium and Indigofera. About 57 genera are represented by single species each. Legumes are treated according to the latest phylogenetic classification of the Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). Updated nomenclature, habit, native countries, voucher specimens, and images of endemic and lesser known legumes found in the state are provided. Crotalaria multiflora var. kurisumalayana (Sibichen & Nampy) Krishnaraj & N. Mohanan is reduced as a synonym to C. multiflora (Arn.) Benth.

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The oat-like grass Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Röser & A.Wölk (Poaceae): a new record for the flora of central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6181.13.1.17601-17603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 17601-17603

Author(s):

H.U. Abhijit ◽

Y.L. Krishnamurthy ◽

K. Gopalakrishna Bhat

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Western Ghats ◽

New Record ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Central Western Ghats

For the documentation of grasses in the central Western Ghats of Karnataka, we have conducted the extensive field surveys by using random sampling method from 2017 to 2020. During this survey we have collected some grass specimens from the shola grassland, which forms the new distributional record of Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Roser & A. Wolk to the flora of central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India from the montane high- lands of Baba Budangiri hills of Chikkamagaluru District.

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Documentation of Commonly Used Ethnoveterinary Medicines from Wild Plants of the High Mountains in Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh, India

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7100351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Pramod Prakash ◽

Radha ◽

Manoj Kumar ◽

Ashok Pundir ◽

Sunil Puri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Rural People ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Permanent Loss ◽

Rosaceae Family ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Livestock Diseases

The aim of current study is to provide a significant traditional knowledge on wild medicines used for ethnoveterinary purposes in the rural area of Maraog region in district Shimla. The medicinal plants have played a significant role in the treatment of human as well as animal’s diseases. The rural people of the Maraog region were interviewed through a questionnaire and extensive field surveys were conducted from June 2020 to July 2021. The discussion, observations and interviews were conducted in study site and included 96 informants. The information gathered from the residents is presented in a table format and includes scientific and local names, different parts used, diseases treated and mode administration. The most commonly used taxa are calculated with used value. The study revealed 100 plants in which trees (7), shrubs (26), herbs (56), ferns (5), grasses (3) and climbers (3) were identified. The most commonly documented livestock diseases were found to be hoof infections, eyes infections, poisoning and skin infections. In the current study, the Rosaceae family was reported as being the highest number (11), followed by Asteraceae (10) and then Lamiaceae (6). It was found that leaves, roots, flowers and fruits are the commonly used parts for ethnoveterinary medications. The phytochemicals present in the plant, such as alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, flavonoids, lignin, coumarins and terpenoids, etc., may be responsible for their medicinal properties. In this documentation, it was observed that the younger generation does not have good knowledge of medicinal plants as compared to the older ones. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the traditional knowledge of these medicinal plants before their permanent loss. The documentation and conservation of medicinal plants can be a good start for novel phytopharmacological research in the veterinary field.

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Conservation of Britain’s biodiversity: Distribution and status of the Welsh endemic Hieracium breconicola, Beacons Hawkweed (Asteraceae)

British & Irish Botany ◽

10.33928/bib.2021.03.052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah J. Lee ◽

Timothy C.G. Rich

Keyword(s):

Critically Endangered ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Threat Status ◽

In The Wild

Hieracium breconicola P.D. Sell, Beacons Hawkweed, is a Welsh endemic plant confined to the Brecon Beacons. Field surveys 2009-2020 indicate only one plant survives in one of its three sites. The IUCN threat status is ‘Critically Endangered’; unless conservation action is undertaken soon, this species will soon be extinct in the wild.

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Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Alsodes vanzolinii (Donoso-Barros, 1974): rediscovery in nature, latitudinal and altitudinal extension in Nahuelbuta Range, southern Chile

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.3.362 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe E. Rabanal ◽

Diego Alarcón

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

Original Description ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Anuran Species ◽

Altitudinal Limit

New populations of the Critically Endangered anuran species Alsodes vanzolinii (Donoso-Barros 1974) were discovered during two field surveys at Nahuelbuta Range, Biobío region, southern Chile. Adult specimens have not been reported since the original description of the species heretofore. The new records provided herein extend the latitudinal limit of what was previously thought to be the only population of the species 40 km to the southwest, and the altitudinal limit from 25 m a.s.l. to 700 m a.s.l.

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Vachellia bolei (Leguminosae, Mimosaceae) a possibly extinct coastal stenoendemic legume of southern India

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 397 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

KRISHNACHANDRAN SAMPATH KUMAR ◽

KANDASAMY KATHIRESAN ◽

SENNIAPPAN ARUMUGAM

Keyword(s):

Present Status ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Literature Survey ◽

Southern India ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Extensive Field

Based on intensive literature survey, thorough herbaria consultations, and extensive field surveys (2012–2017) along the coast of Tamil Nadu, besides consulting experts and botanists to resolve the typification and nomenclatural issues, the discovery, nomenclature, lectotype, distribution, and the present status of the coastal stenoendemic legume, Vachellia bolei (syn. Acacia bolei), in southern India, is discussed here in detail. Clarification regarding the Lectotype of the taxon is made and the extinction of the species is reported.

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Accounting for the low survival of the Critically Endangered northern bald ibisGeronticus eremitaon a major migratory flyway

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605313000665 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 312-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Serra ◽

J. A. Lindsell ◽

L. Peske ◽

J. Fritz ◽

C. G. R. Bowden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Telemetry ◽

Bird Species ◽

Range Shift ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

The Past ◽

Geronticus Eremita ◽

Wintering Areas

AbstractThe poor survival rate of immature northern bald ibisesGeronticus eremitaduring their first years spent outside the natal site is driving the last known wild colony of the migratory eastern population to extinction. To inform emergency conservation action for this Critically Endangered species we investigated the distribution range and behaviour of immature birds in passage and wintering areas, and the threats to which they are subject. We integrated recent satellite telemetry data with visual observations spanning 130 years. We assessed threats across the range, using satellite tracking and field surveys. Our results show that during the years before they return to the natal site in Syria, immature northern bald ibises reside away from the recently identified adult wintering site in the central Ethiopian highlands. They occur mainly across the northernmost 70–80% of the adult migratory range. Historical records suggest that immature birds spend more time along the western Arabian Peninsula now than in the past. This range shift exposes them for longer periods to threats, such as hunting and electrocution on power lines, which are absent from the wintering site used by adult birds. We suggest that other threatened and declining bird species sharing the same flyway probably face the same threats during migration.

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