Intraspecific variation in seed yield of soybean (Glycine max) in response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
James A. Bunce ◽  
Frances Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Single Leaf

The growth characteristics of six and the reproductive development of five soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars were examined at 39 Pa (ambient) and 70 Pa (elevated) CO2 partial pressures in temperature-controlled glasshouses. Significant intraspecific variation for both growth and seed yield in response to elevated CO2 was observed among the cultivars. At elevated CO2, total biomass increased an average of 42% at the end of the vegetative stage, while average seed yield increased by only 28%. No changes in % protein or % oil were observed for any cultivar at elevated CO2, relative to ambient CO2. The relative enhancement of either vegetative or reproductive growth at elevated CO2 was not correlated with changes in the absolute or relative increase in single leaf photosynthetic rate among cultivars at elevated CO2. For soybean, the greatest response of seed yield to elevated CO2 was associated with increased production of lateral branches, increased pod production or increased seed weight, suggesting different strategies of carbon partitioning in a high CO2 environment. Data from this experiment indicates that differences in carbon partitioning among soybean cultivars may influence reproductive capacity and fecundity as atmospheric CO2 increases, with subsequent consequences for future agricultural breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Effect of organic farming practices on soil and performance of soybean (Glycine max) under semi-arid tropical conditions in Central India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Aher ◽  
B. L. Lakaria ◽  
Swami Kaleshananda ◽  
A. B. Singh ◽  
S. Ramana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Available N ◽  
And Performance

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of organic farming practices on soil health and crop performance of Soybean (Glycine max).The crop cultivar JS-335 of soybean was grown with 30:26.2:16.6 kg ha-1 (NPK) recommended dose of fertilizers under three management practices viz., organic, chemical and integrated (50:50) in randomized block design, replicated three times. Soil organic carbon, available N, P and K, microbial enzymatic activities, total biomass, seed yield and harvest index (HI) were analysed during the study. It was observed that soil organic carbon (11.3 g kg-1), available N (125 mg kg-1), P (49.7 mg kg-1) and soil enzyme activities viz., dehydrogenase (DHA) (98.20 µ grams TPF/g soil/24 h) and alkaline phosphatase (178.2 µ grams p-nitro phenol/g soil/h) were found significantly higher in the plot managed organically while available K (320.1 mg kg-1) was not significant with respect to chemical and integrated practices. The total biomass (1927 kg ha-1) and seed yield (601 kg ha-1) of soybean was found highest in organic farming practices followed by integrated and chemical practices. Very poor microbial activities were observed in chemically managed plots. Thus, the study demonstrated that the organic farming practice improved soil health and performance of soybean crop.

Sensitivity of field-grown soybean to future atmospheric CO2: selection for improved productivity in the 21st century.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
James A. Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Glycine Max L

Although genotypic differences among soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars in their response to future CO2 partial pressures have been observed in the glasshouse, it is unclear if similar responses would occur among cultivars when grown under field conditions at normal stand densities. To determine variation in the sensitivity of soybean growth and seed yield to CO2, we grew two contrasting cultivars of the same maturity group, Ripley (semi-dwarf, determinate) and Spencer (standard, indeterminate), to reproductive maturity at ambient and elevated (30 Pa above ambient) CO2 partial pressures for two field seasons. Spencer had been previously selected in glasshouse trials as responsive to increased CO2. Significant cultivar x CO2 interaction was observed for both vegetative biomass and seed yield, with Spencer demonstrating a consistently greater yield enhancement at elevated CO2 than Ripley (60 vs 35%, respectively). Differences in CO2 sensitivity between cultivars were not evident in measurements of single leaf photosynthesis taken during anthesis, nor early or late pod-fill. Analysis of reproductive characteristics indicated that the sensitivity of the seed yield response to CO2 in Spencer was associated with the ability to form additional seed on axillary branches in response to elevated CO2. Data from this experiment suggest that screening of soybean germplasm at the glasshouse level, when combined with field trials, may be an effective strategy to begin selecting soybean lines that will maximize yield in a future, higher CO2 environment.

Evaluation of yield loss in field sorghum from a C3and C4weed with increasing CO2

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Ziska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

Dwarf sorghum (C4) was grown at ambient and at projected levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (250 mol mol−1above ambient) with and without the presence of a C3weed (velvetleaf) and a C4weed (redroot pigweed), to quantify the potential effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] on weed–crop interactions and potential crop loss. In a weed-free environment, increased [CO2] resulted in a significant increase in leaf weight and leaf area of sorghum but no significant effect on seed yield or total aboveground biomass relative to the ambient CO2condition. At ambient [CO2] the presence of velvetleaf had no significant effect on either sorghum seed yield or total aboveground biomass; however, at elevated [CO2], yield and biomass losses were significant. The additional loss in sorghum yield and biomass was associated with a significant (threefold) increase in velvetleaf biomass in response to increasing [CO2]. Redroot pigweed at ambient [CO2] resulted in significant losses in total aboveground biomass of sorghum but not in seed yield. However, as [CO2] increased, significant losses in both sorghum seed yield and total biomass were observed for sorghum–redroot pigweed competition. Increased [CO2] was not associated with a significant increase in redroot pigweed biomass (P = 0.17). These results indicate potentially greater yield loss in a widely grown C4crop from weedy competition as atmospheric [CO2] increases.

Effects of elevated CO2 on the growth, seed yield, and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under drought stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxiao Li ◽  
Huiling Liu ◽  
Yunzhou Qiao ◽  
Youning Wang ◽  
Zhaoming Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

A meta-analysis of elevated [CO2 ] effects on soybean (Glycine max ) physiology, growth and yield

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Ainsworth ◽  
Phillip A. Davey ◽  
Carl J. Bernacchi ◽  
Orla C. Dermody ◽  
Emily A. Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Co2 Effects

Growth, seed yield and nutritional characteristics of pigeonpea grown under elevated CO2 atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya K. Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rachapudi V. Sreeharsha ◽  
Attipalli R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

Traditional soybean (Glycine max) breeding increases seed yield but reduces yield stability under non-phosphorus supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Hua Zhang ◽  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Ming-Jian Ren ◽  
Xing-Tao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Stability

Does Elevated CO2 Affect the Physiology and Growth of Quercus Mongolica under Different Nitrogen Conditions?

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 528-535
Author(s):  
Oh Hyun Kyung ◽  
Yeonsook Choung
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Quercus Mongolica ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

The response of Quercus mongolica, one of the major tree species in Northeast Asia and the most dominant deciduous tree in Korea, was studied in relation to elevated CO2 and the addition of nitrogen to soil in terms of its physiology and growth over two years. Plants were grown from seed at two CO2 conditions (ambient and 700 µL L-1) and with two levels of soil nitrogen supply (1.5 mM and 6.5 mM). Elevated CO2 was found to significantly enhance the photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency by 2.3-2.7 times and by 1.3-1.8 times, respectively. Over time within a growing season, there was a decreasing trend in the photosynthesis rate. However, the decrease was slower especially in two-year-old seedlings grown in elevated CO2 and high nitrogen conditions, suggesting that their physiological activity lasted relatively longer. Improved photosynthesis and water use efficiency as well as prolonged physiological activity under high CO2 condition resulted in an increase in biomass accumulation. That is, in elevated CO2, total biomass increased by 1.7 and 1.2 times, respectively, for one- and two-year-old seedlings with low nitrogen conditions, and by 1.8 and 2.6 times with high nitrogen conditions. This result indicates that the effect of CO2 on biomass is more marked in high nitrogen conditions. This, therefore, shows that the effect of CO2 is accelerated by the addition of nitrogen. With the increase in total biomass, the number of leaves and stem diameter increased significantly, and more biomass was allocated in roots, resulting in structural change. Overall, the elevated CO2 markedly stimulated the physiology and growth of Q. mongolica. This demonstrates that Q. mongolica is capable of exploiting an elevated CO2 environment. Therefore, it will remain a dominant species and continue to be a major CO2 sink in the future, even though other resources such as nitrogen can modify the CO2 effect.

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