Genotypic differences in seed growth rates of Phaseolus vulgaris L. I. General characteristics, seed coat factors and comparative roles of seed coats and cotyledons

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Thomas ◽  
Louise Hetherington ◽  
John W. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Seed Coats

Developing seeds of four cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L., raised under glasshouse conditions, exhib-ited a 4-fold range in rates of storage product accumulation by their cotyledons. These growth rate differences were established during seed expansion. Patterns of dry matter distribution were consistent with absolute growth rates of cotyledons being an inherent property of developing seeds and not limited by photoassimilate supply. Seed surface areas and cotyledon volumes exhibited a 3.2-fold cultivar difference and were the principal components contribut-ing to cultivar variation in cotyledon absolute growth rates. The remaining cultivar variation was attributable to a 1.3- fold difference in dry matter fluxes, expressed on a seed surface area basis. Seed coats reflected these properties in terms of fluxes of dry matter released for cotyledon storage and surface areas supporting these fluxes. Seed coat surface areas correlated with estimates of total plasma membrane areas of ground parenchyma cells that are respon-sible for photoassimilate release. Cultivar differences in these membrane areas largely arose from variation in cell size. Coat turgor pressures correlated positively with dry matter fluxes imported into cotyledons. In contrast, sucrose concentration in bulk saps extracted from seed coats was identical across three cultivars but was positively related to growth rate in the remaining cultivar. Overall, these data suggested that cultivar dry matter fluxes were determined by variation in transport conductances for symplasmic movement through the post-sieve element pathway and for release across the plasma membranes of ground parenchyma cells. Comparable sucrose concentrations were found in seed apoplasmic saps across cultivars, and cultivar differences in absolute growth rates of in vitro cultured coty-ledons were retained. Together, these observations support the conclusion that cotyledons intrinsically express geno-typic variation in rates of dry matter transport comparable to those set independently by seed coats.

scholarly journals Age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish (Elopssp) from the east coast of Florida (USA)

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1392
Author(s):  
Juan C. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Exponential Regression ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Size At Age

Ladyfish (Elopssp) are a common and economically valuable coastal nearshore species found along coastal beaches, bays, and estuaries of the southeastern United States, and subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. Previously, ladyfish were a substantial bycatch in Florida’s commercial fisheries, but changes in regulations significantly reduced commercial landings. Today, ladyfish are still taken in commercial fisheries in Florida, but many are also taken by recreational anglers. Life-history information and research interest in ladyfish is almost non-existent, especially information on age and growth. Thus, the overarching purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of ladyfish age and growth characteristics. The specific objectives were to describe, for the first time, age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish from the east coast of Florida (USA). In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), annual monthly length-frequency distributions were confounded because a few small individuals recruited throughout the year; monthly length-frequency data generally demonstrated a cyclical pattern. The smallest were collected in September and the largest in May. Post-hoc analysis showed no significant difference in length between August and May, or among the other months. In Volusia County (VC), annual monthly length-frequency distribution demonstrated growth generally occurred from late-winter and spring to summer. The smallest ladyfish were collected in February and the largest in August. On average, the absolute growth rate in the IRL was 36.3 mm in 60 days or 0.605 mm day−1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates, elevations, and coincidentals were similar among sampling years. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.807 in 1993 to 1.811 mm day−1in 1994. Overall, growth was best (i.e., goodness of fit) described by exponential regression. On average, the absolute growth rate in VC was 28 mm in 150 days or 0.1866 mm day−1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates were significantly different among sampling years; however, the elevations and coincidentals were similar. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.741 in 1994 to 1.933 mm day−1in 1993. Mean ladyfish growth was best described by linear regression; however, natural growth was explained better by exponential regression. In the IRL, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 156.0 mm SL, which corresponded to an estimated growth rate of 0.4356 mm day−1. In VC, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 80 mm SL corresponding to an estimated growth rate of 0.2361 mm day−1.

Analyzing growth in cell cultures. I. Calculating growth rates

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures

Growth is the major parameter used to assess novel phenotypes derived from plant tissue cultures. Any quantitative analysis of growth must have an explicit rational basis. Frequently this criterion is not met. For example, the calculation (W2 − W1)/W1(W1 = initial weight; W2 = final weight) approximates neither linear nor exponential growth. Yet, it is a common method of analysis, as is the related calculation W2/W1. When absolute growth values provide insufficient information, meaningful relative growth rate equations can be utilized. Relative growth rates should be evaluated as ln (W2/W1)/(t2 − t1) for t = time, thereby yielding a constant growth rate for exponentially growing cell lines. Linear growth (root growth, for example) can be approximated by 2(W2 − W1)/((W1 + W2)(t2 − t1)). All methods of analysis we have encountered assume that relative growth at a given instant depends on total mass. The possibility exists that growth may actually be proportional to mass raised to some power less than one. For example, growth could be limited to a thin outer shell of a spherical callus. Then the relative growth rate would equal 3(W21/3 − W11/3)/(t2 − t1). Data can be seriously distorted when inappropriate calculations are used. Such distortions are exacerbated when comparisons are made. In all cases an adequate assessment of growth kinetics for each cell line and each treatment is essential.

GROWTH OF BEAN ACCESSIONS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. A. KEMP ◽  
D. B. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Growth and rates of photosynthesis of two accessions and two cultivars (Great Northern 1140 and Sutter Pink) of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were compared at 10, 15, and 23 °C in a controlled environment cabinet. The leaf area, dry matter, and rate of total apparent photosynthesis of one of the accessions was significantly higher after growth for 13 days at 10 °C than that of the commercial cultivars. This advantage was not maintained at 23 °C. In another experiment, growth of the same four cultivars was compared at light/dark temperatures of 10/10, 15/12, and 23/18 °C. The two accessions established a higher leaf area and accumulated more dry matter at the cooler temperatures than the commercial cultivars, but lost this advantage at the highest temperatures. In a field trial, the accessions had a similar rapid early growth but fell behind later in the season. Ideally, a bean cultivar for the Canadian prairie should incorporate the accession’s ability for rapid growth and leaf expansion at cool temperatures with a growth rate during mid-summer comparable to that of Great Northern 1140.

scholarly journals Growth of the crabgrass species Digitaria ciliaris and Digitaria nuda

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Souza ◽  
A.C. Dias ◽  
M.R.A. Figueiredo ◽  
F.E.B. Obara ◽  
P.J Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of this research paper was to compare the growth of D. ciliaris and D. nuda crabgrass species under non-competitive conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one from March - July 2010 and the other from February - June 2011. The experimental design of both trials was completely randomized making a factorial (2 seasons x 2 species crabgrass x 12 evaluation periods) with four replications. Assessments began at 15 days after sowing (DAS), and repeated weekly until 92 DAS. The variables evaluated were total dry matter (roots+leaves+stems), leaf area, leaf number and tiller. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio were calculated using the means, which were adjusted regression models. The crabgrass species were significantly different in leaf area, leaf number, tiller number and dry matter per plant. D. ciliaris for all variables was statistically higher than D. nuda. Regarding the speed at which the growth of the species occurred, the absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of D. ciliaris was also greater than D. nuda. In addition, D. ciliaris also had a lower leaf area ratio indicating greater efficiency in converting light energy into carbohydrates. It can be concluded that D. ciliaris has a higher growth rate in conditions where there is no limitation of nutrients and water availability in relation to D. nuda, mainly due to D. ciliaris have greater leaf area, number of leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant.

scholarly journals Age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish (Elops sp) from the east coast of Florida (USA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Exponential Regression ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Size At Age

Ladyfish (Elops sp) are a common and economically valuable coastal nearshore species found along coastal beaches, bays, and estuaries of the southeastern United States, and subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. Previously, ladyfish were a substantial bycatch in Florida’s commercial fisheries, but changes in regulations significantly reduced commercial landings. Today, ladyfish are still taken in commercial fisheries in Florida, but many are also taken by recreational anglers. Life-history information and research interest in ladyfish is almost non-existent, especially information on age and growth. Thus, the overarching purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of ladyfish age and growth characteristics. The specific objectives were to describe, for the first time, age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish from the east coast of Florida (USA). In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), annual monthly length-frequency distributions were confounded because a few small individuals recruited throughout the year; monthly length-frequency data generally demonstrated a cyclical pattern. The smallest were collected in September and the largest in May. Post-hoc analysis showed no significant difference in length between August and May, or among the other months. In Volusia County (VC), annual monthly length-frequency distribution demonstrated growth generally occurred from late-winter and spring to summer. The smallest ladyfish were collected in February and the largest in August. On average, the absolute growth rate in the IRL was 36.3 mm in 60 days or 0.605 mm day-1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates, elevations, and coincidentals were similar among sampling years. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.807 in 1993 to 1.811 mm day-1 in 1994. Overall, growth was best (i.e., goodness of fit) described by exponential regression. On average, the absolute growth rate in VC was 28 mm in 150 days or 0.1866 mm day-1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates were significantly different among sampling years; however, the elevations and coincidentals were similar. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.741 in 1994 to 1.933 mm day-1 in 1993. Mean ladyfish growth was best described by linear regression; however, natural growth was explained better by exponential regression. In the IRL, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 156.0 mm SL, which corresponded to an estimated growth rate of 0.4356 mm day-1. In VC, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 80 mm SL corresponding to an estimated growth rate of 0.2361 mm day-1.

scholarly journals Growth of canola hybrids resistant and sensitive to herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2911-2922
Author(s):  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Franciele Mariani ◽  
Gerarda Beatriz da Silva Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Plant growth analysis is useful for determining adequate management practices and exploring the maximum yield potential of cultivars or hybrids. Canola hybrids with resistance to herbicides have been studied and registered for Brazilian conditions, as they improve weed management in canola crops. This study evaluated the growth of canola hybrids resistant to triazine or imidazolinone herbicides compared to a sensitive hybrid. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a bifactorial scheme using three hybrids and six sampling times. The canola hybrids used were Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinones), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazines), and Hyola 61 (sensitive to both herbicides). Height, leaf area, and dry matter of roots, leaves, stems, and shoots of the plants were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The physiological indices absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate were calculated, and yield indices evaluated. Compared to Hyola 61, the Hyola 555TT hybrid showed lower values of leaf dry matter at 70 DAE, absolute growth rate up to 56 DAE, and net assimilation rate at 14 and 28 DAE, and a higher leaf area ratio at 56 DAE, whereas the hybrid Hyola 571CL presented lower leaf area and lower leaf dry matter at 70 DAE. At flowering, compared to Hyola 61, the hybrid Hyola 571CL presents lower leaf area, and the hybrids Hyola 555TT and Hyola 571CL have lower leaf dry matter accumulation. Differences in the growth of canola hybrids Hyola 555TT, Hyola 571CL and Hyola 61 do not cause differences in their grain yield.

scholarly journals Age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish (Elops sp) from the east coast of Florida (USA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Exponential Regression ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Size At Age

Ladyfish (Elops sp) are a common and economically valuable coastal nearshore species found along coastal beaches, bays, and estuaries of the southeastern United States, and subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. Previously, ladyfish were a substantial bycatch in Florida’s commercial fisheries, but changes in regulations significantly reduced commercial landings. Today, ladyfish are still taken in commercial fisheries in Florida, but many are also taken by recreational anglers. Life-history information and research interest in ladyfish is almost non-existent, especially information on age and growth. Thus, the overarching purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of ladyfish age and growth characteristics. The specific objectives were to describe, for the first time, age, growth, and recruitment patterns of juvenile ladyfish from the east coast of Florida (USA). In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), annual monthly length-frequency distributions were confounded because a few small individuals recruited throughout the year; monthly length-frequency data generally demonstrated a cyclical pattern. The smallest were collected in September and the largest in May. Post-hoc analysis showed no significant difference in length between August and May, or among the other months. In Volusia County (VC), annual monthly length-frequency distribution demonstrated growth generally occurred from late-winter and spring to summer. The smallest ladyfish were collected in February and the largest in August. On average, the absolute growth rate in the IRL was 36.3 mm in 60 days or 0.605 mm day-1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates, elevations, and coincidentals were similar among sampling years. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.807 in 1993 to 1.811 mm day-1 in 1994. Overall, growth was best (i.e., goodness of fit) described by exponential regression. On average, the absolute growth rate in VC was 28 mm in 150 days or 0.1866 mm day-1. Cohort-specific daily growth rates were significantly different among sampling years; however, the elevations and coincidentals were similar. Cohort-specific growth rates ranged from 1.741 in 1994 to 1.933 mm day-1 in 1993. Mean ladyfish growth was best described by linear regression; however, natural growth was explained better by exponential regression. In the IRL, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 156.0 mm SL, which corresponded to an estimated growth rate of 0.4356 mm day-1. In VC, the corrected exponential growth equation yielded a size-at-age 1 of 80 mm SL corresponding to an estimated growth rate of 0.2361 mm day-1.

The effect of barley supplementation on the liveweight gains of autumn-born calves reared on whole or skimmed milk diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
J Clark ◽  
JI Watts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Four Levels

Forty, Friesian x Jersey bull calves were fed diets comprising factorial combinations of milk, either whole (4.0 per cent fat) or skimmed (0.1 per cent fat) milk, fed at the rate of 4.5 kg day-1 until the calves were ten weeks old, with crushed barley at four levels from two to 18 weeks of age. The four levels of barley were 0, 25, 50 and 75 per cent of the dry matter intake of the calves. The calves had access to hay ad libitum throughout the experiment. The restricted quantities of skimmed milk fed to the calves did not support rapid gains in liveweight, even when supplemented with high levels of barley. The addition of barley to the diet of the calves reared on whole milk produced no response in terms of growth rate (0.54 kg day-1). However, the calves reared on skimmed milk had greater growth rates when their diet contained 25 per cent barley than with no barley, 0.36 kg day-1 and 0.28 kg day-1 respectively. Further additions of barley did not produce additional responses in growth rate.

scholarly journals Growth, Development and Seed Production of Goosegrass1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. TAKANO ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
G.B.P. BRAZ ◽  
J.C. PADOVESE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Number Of Seeds

ABSTRACT E. indica is one of the most problematic weeds in the world because it is present in almost every continent, and there are reports of multiple resistance to herbicides by some biotypes. The objective of this paper was to analyze the growth, the development and the production of this plant's seeds, in order to generate information about its biology that can be useful for management. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from May to September 2015. Sixteen samples were taken during the development cycle of the plant: 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, 66, 73, 80, 87, 94, 101 and 108 days after emergence (DAE). The response variables were based on a leaf area and dry matter of each one of the parts of the plant and the number of seeds produced per plant. At 12 DAE, 80% of the seedlings of E. indica had emerged, and each plant produced more than 120 thousand seeds, closing their cycle at 120 DAE. Between 38 and 43 DAE, the plant had fast emission of new tillers, exponential accumulation of the total dry matter and substantial increase of the absolute growth rate. Due to the data observed here, we concluded that the management of E. indica must be done preferably before 38 DAE due to the exponential growth after this period, preventing the plant from producing seeds and spreading to other places.

A comparison of sires of Suffolk and Dutch Texel breeds and ewes of Greyface, Suffolk Cheviot and Dutch Texel breeds in terms of food intake, prolificacy and lamb growth rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick ◽  
D. E. Lowe ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractA comparison was made over 2 years of sires of Suffolk and Dutch Texel breeds and ewes of Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), Suffolk Cheviot and Dutch Texel breeds in terms of food intake, prolificacy and lamb growth rates under a grass-based system of production. Suffolk Cheviot ewes consumed significantly more silage dry matter than the Greyface ewes in both years of the study. There was no overall difference between Greyface and Suffolk Cheviot ewes in terms of prolificacy. However lambs from Suffolk Cheviot ewes had a higher growth rate than lambs from Greyface ewes from birth to weaning in year 1 (P < 0·01). In the comparison of the three ewe breeds sired by Dutch Texel rams in year 2, Dutch Texel ewes produced a similar number of lambs to the other genotypes but had a higher incidence of difficult lambings, higher lamb mortality and consequently a lower number of lambs weaned. Purebred Dutch Texel male lambs had lower growth rates than crossbred Dutch Texel lambs (143 compared with 158 glday for lambs from Greyface ewes and 166 (s.e. 13.4) glday for lambs from Suffolk Cheviot ewes in year 1 and 183 compared with 251 and 248 respectively (s.e. 10.9) glday in year 2). Lambs sired by Suffolk rams had higher growth rates than those sired by Dutch Texel rams (252 compared with 224 (s.e. 5.4) glday) in year 2.

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