Perturbed Leaf Development in Sorghum bicolor Exposed to Salinity: a Marker of Transition Towards Adaptation

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Seligmann ◽  
GN Amzallag ◽  
HR Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Developmental Window

Pretreatment for 3 weeks with NaCl, within the range 35-150 mol m-3, of 8 day old Sorghum bicolor cv. 610, results in adaptation of the plants to high salinity; plants become tolerant to 300 mol m-3 NaCl, which is lethal for unadapted plants. During the adaptation period one or more developmentally perturbed leaves (DPL) may occur. DPL formation is positively correlated with the mean relative growth rate (RGR) of the plant following exposure to 300 mol m-3 NaCl, which reflects the degree of adaptation to high salinity. Treatments with exogenous phytohormones affect both DPL formation as well as the adaptation response. When plants 14 days old or more are exposed to salinity, neither adaptation nor DPL formation occurs, demonstrating the existence of a developmental window during which these phenomena may take place. These data suggest that DPL does not result from salt damage to the plant, but rather that it should be considered as a marker of the adaptation process.

ADAPTATION VERSUS PRE-EXISTING RESISTANCE: AN INTERGENOTYPE ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSE OF SORGHUM BICOLOR TO SALINITY

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Nissim Amzallag ◽  
Henri R. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean

Developmental and physiological responses of 11 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genotypes exposed for 3 weeks to a 150 mM NaCl-pretreatment were studied. Following the pretreatment, exposure to 300 mM NaCl resulted in a gradient of response between “adaptation to salinity” (increase in salinity tolerance) and “pre-existing resistance” (maintenance of original salinity tolerance). Level of adaptation of each genotype was quantified by determination of the mean relative growth rate of the shoot at 300 mM NaCl (). There was a positive correlation between and the following parameters during the process of adaptation: inhibition of growth, decrease of the shoot:root ratio, and shoot Na+ uptake. There were more pronounced physiological perturbations during adaptation than during the pre-existing resistance response to salinity. During the first 25 days of exposure to NaCl, inhibition of growth and shoot Na+ concentration were not correlated. The much lower value for the intergenotype coefficient of variation (ICV) for Na+ + K+ as compared to that for Na+ or K+ suggests that the sum of these ions is a parameter of physiological importance, and that these two ions were interdependent and partially interchangeable. It seems that Na+ + K+ + CI− were the main osmotica in the shoot of most genotypes. It is concluded that the nature of the response of the plant, rather than Na+ toxicity, was responsible for the effects of salinity on growth.

scholarly journals Conditioning Affects Growth and Drought Tolerance of Cucurbit Transplants

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Latimer ◽  
Reuben B. Beverly
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean

Brushing (40 strokes per 1.5 minutes, twice daily) or moisture stress conditioning (MSC) (daily nonlethal dry-down cycles) reduced seedling growth of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars in 1991 and three squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars in 1991 and 1992. In both years, watermelon [Citrullus lanatus Thunb. (Matsum. & Nakai)] cultivars varied in responsiveness to brushing; brushing reduced stem length 0% to 44% over four cultivars in 1992. MSC reduced growth of all cultivars. Brushing increased the rate of water loss from detached leaves of cucumber, squash, and watermelon, whereas MSC decreased water loss from leaves of cucumber and squash. In 1991, under well-watered posttransplant conditions, MSC increased the mean relative growth rate (RGR) of cucumber and watermelon transplants in the greenhouse. Brushing increased the RGR of watermelon transplants. In 1992, MSC increased the RGR of squash and watermelon transplants grown under posttransplant drought-stressed conditions, while brushing had no effect. Both conditioning treatments controlled plant growth in the greenhouse without diminishing subsequent plant performance.

scholarly journals BUDIDAYA BEBERAPA VARIETAS IKAN SEPAT RAWA (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KOMERSIAL (SOME VARIETY AQUACULTURE THREE SPOT GORAMY (TRICHOGASTER TRICHOPTERUS PALL) WITH THE PROVISION OF COMMERCIAL FEED)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Murjani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cultivation Environment

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kecepatan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) di rawa monoton, rawa pasang surut, dan rawa tadah hujan yang dipelihara di hapa Galam.Tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) mampu hidup dan beradaptasi di lingkungan budidaya, dan dapat diberi makan dengan pakan buatan seperti ikan budaya. Variasi jenis ikan tidak  signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rawa dan kelangsungan hidup ikan yang dipelihara di lingkungan budidaya rawa. Tingkat pertumbuhan berat rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan C (ikan  gurami rawa tadah hujan) sebesar 29.36%. Tingkat pertumbuhan pangjang rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan B (Ikan gurami padang rumput rawa) sebesar 9,35%. Konversi pakan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan C (ikan gurami dari tadah hujan) sebesar 6.80. Tingkat keangsungan hidup terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan B, C, D yaitu sebesar 75.56%.The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of growth and survival of several varieties of three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) from the monotonous marshes, tidal marshes, bogs and swamps rainfed fields that are kept in hapa Galam.Three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) are able to live and adapt in the cultivation environment, and can be fed with artificial feed like most culture fish. Variations in the type of fishes did not significantly affect marsh growth and survival of fish that are kept in swamp ride cultivation environment. The mean relative growth rate of weight it is best to treatment C (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 29.36%. Average growth rate is relatively long it is best to treatment B (three spot goramy of marsh meadow Galam) for 9.35 %. Conversion is best to feed on the C treatment (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 6.80. the best survival was in treatment B, C, D of 75.56%.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MID-SEASON VINE REMOVAL ON THE GROWTH OF FIVE SWEETPOTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 266E-266
Author(s):  
Victor A. Kahn ◽  
C. Stevens ◽  
T. Mafolo ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
J.Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Net Assimilation

TU-82-155 and `Georgia-Jet' early maturing. `Carver II', TU-1892 and `Rojo-Blanco' late maturing sweetpotato, cultivars were evaluated in the field for 0.20 and 40% vine removal (VR) at 8 wk after transplanting. Parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI) recovery, net assimilation rate, foliage crop growth rate (FCGR), storage roots crop growth rate (RCGR). alpha a (the mean relative growth rate in dry wt to the mean relative growth rate in leaf area over a time interval) or the partitioning of assimilates, total and marketable yield. A split. splitplot design was used and plants were sampled at 3 and 8 wk following VR. Except for TU-82-155 all cultivars showed significant LAI recovery above the control at 3 and 8 wk after vine removal when 20% of the vines were removed while at the 40% VR, only 'Georgia-Jet'. TU-1892 and 'Carver II' showed significant increases in LAI for the same periods. Net assimilation rate showed significant interactions while FCGR was not significantly affected by either 20 or 40 VR compared to the control at 3 or 8 wk after VR. RCGR was significantly affected by both levels of VR at 3 and 8 wk after VR and surplus assimilates (alpha a) showed significant interactions between cultivars and % VR. Told yield declined for all cultivars irrespective to maturity groups with the sharpest decrease being at the 20% VR. All cultivars except TU-82-155 showed a decrease in marketable yield, the increase in marketable yield of TU-82-155 was due to a lower non-marketable yield.

Clustering Analysis of Main Vessel Traffic Flow Observation Lines along Yangtze River

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1792-1796
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Tian ◽  
Xiao Yang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Main Vessel ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean

For the reasonable grouping of the 16 vessel traffic flow observation lines along Yangtze River to compare them with each other, essential data of nearly 6 years taken with the mean relative growth rate of traffic flow over the yearly same period set as clustering index, the clustering of the 16 vessel traffic flow observation lines was realized on MATLAB in accordance with the set index based on the basic principle and processes of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Method, which indicated that the observation lines can be divided into 3 classes, and particularly Jiujiang took an exclusive class obviously different from the other two. This work would provide scientific basis of grouping the observation lines in order to reflect shipping economy of the regions where the observation lines are located and to provide reference for management decisions.

scholarly journals GROWTH ANALYSIS OF FIVE SWEETPOTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L) CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 267E-267
Author(s):  
Victor A Khan ◽  
C. Stevens ◽  
T. Mafolo ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
J.Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Maturity Groups

TU-82-155 and `Georgia-Jet' early maturing. `Carver II'. TU-1892 and `Rojo-Blanco' late maturing sweepotato cultivars were evaluated in the field for: leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate, foliage crop growth rate (FCGR), storage roots crop growth rate (RCGR) and alpha a (the mean relative growth rate in dry wt to the mean relative growth rate in leaf area over a time interval) or the partitioning of assimilates. A split plot design was used and plants were sampled at 6, 8, 11 and 16 wk after transplanting. The results from study showed that LAI reached maximum development 8 and 12 wk after transplanting for early and late maturing cultivars, respectively. All cultivars irrespective to maturity groups showed a reduction in net assimilation rate 6 wk after transplanting while FCGR for early maturing cultivars gradually declined 6 wk after transplanting and varied among late maturing cultivars. `Carver II' showed increases in FCGR up to 11 wk after transplanting then rapidly declined while `Rojo-Blanco' and TU-1892 began to decline 8 and 6 wk after transplanting, respectively. RCGR showed rapid increases (100 g.m /area/week) and (150 g/m /area/week) for early and late maturing cultivars beginning 6 wk after transplanting and this increase continued until the 12th and 8 th wk after transplanting for early and late maturing cultivars, respectively. Cultivars from both maturity groups began to produce surplus assimilates (Alpha a) 6 wk after transplanting. which coincided with the rapid increases in RCGR at the same time. Thus indicating that storage root enlargement begins after the plant had accumulated a surplus of assimilates.

scholarly journals What mechanisms are involved in cabbage-clover intercropping and a further proof of the 'host plant quality' hypothesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Seress ◽  
R. G. McKinlay ◽  
B. Pénzes ◽  
K. Sezák
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Host Plant Quality ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aphid Populations

Over 10 years of field trials show reductions of most of the pests in Brassicas undersown by clover. The pest-reducing effects are due to the 'appropriate / inappropriate landings' hypothesis (Finch, 1996), and the 'host plant quality' hypothesis (Theunissen, 1994). To find out the mechanisms within the 'host plant quality' hypothesis in the most promising intercropping (collards undersown by clover) glasshouse experiments were conducted to see whether intercropping influences the mean relative growth rate, fecundity and time of maturity of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) a common pest of Brassicas. The treatment modelling intercropping showed the smallest mean relative growth rate, delayed the maturity and slowed down the growth of cabbages. The treatment modelling monocropping showed the highest mean relative growth rate and the maturity was reached earlier. These results may indicate that intercropping delays the growth of settled aphid populations, giving another proof that in the case of clover undersown cabbages the 'host plant quality' hypothesis is likely to be acting. The differences between treatments where the roots of clover and cabbages were separated and allowed to grow together suggest that the effect is via the roots by competition.  

Responses to light changes in tropical seedlings of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest tree species Cecropia glazioui (Cecropiaceae) and Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Terezinha Silveira Paulilo ◽  
Sonia Regina Duz ◽  
Alexandre Siminski ◽  
Marisa Santos
Keyword(s):  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Trait Plasticity ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Sun Light

This study analysed the behaviour of Cecropia glazioui Sneth. and Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings across a 2–50% full sun light gradient. The morphological adjustments of the seedlings to the different light regimes were interpreted as means of light interception in low light and avoidance of water stress in high light conditions. Cecropia seedlings showed greater trait plasticity at the 2–15% light interval, whereas Cedrela seedlings showed a slight tendency to present greater trait plasticity at the 15–30% light interval than the 2–15% interval. The seedlings of both species did not fully acclimate to decreasing light, showing lower values for the mean relative growth rate (RGR) components, leaf area ratio (LAR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) than seedlings under constant low light, but acclimated to increasing light, showing higher values for RGR components than seedlings under constant high light. The general responses to light gradient in these two species indicate their relative tolerance and ability to grow at low and high light and provide traits used in coping with gap dynamics. The results also indicated that the two species differed in their shade tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous extracts of three different plants on Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infesting pepper plants under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Lassaad Mdellel ◽  
Ahmed Abdelli ◽  
Khaled Omar ◽  
Waleed El-Bassam ◽  
Mazen Al-Khateeb
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Pot Marigold ◽  
Pepper Plants

This study aimed to determine the percentage infestation and population parameters of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions and evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of three different plants (pot marigold: Calendula officinalis, mint: Mentha viridis and rosemary: Salvia rosmarinus) on the mortality of this aphid. Extracts of these plants were used at three concentrations (C1 = 15%, C2 = 30% and C2 = 45%). Results indicate a percentage infestation of 76.9 ± 9.4%, a mean relative growth rate of 0.062 ± 0.007 and generation time of 11.12 ± 1.42 days. All treatments reduced the numbers of aphids and statistically significantly reduced the number (α < 0.01) recorded after treatment with C1, C2 and C3 of each extract. C. officinalis extract was more effective than those of M. viridis and S. rosmarinus. The highest mortality (69.82 ± 5.23%) and efficacy (61.71 ± 4.46%) were recorded for the C3 of aqueous extract of C. officinalis, whereas the lowest mortality (38.24 ± 2.42%) and efficacy (32.41 ± 1.23%) were recorded for the C1 of extract of M. viridis. The data provided indicate that aqueous extracts of C. officinalis, M. viridis and S. rosmarinus have an insecticidal effect on M. persicae and can be integrated into a pest management strategy to reduce M. persicae abundance on pepper plants.

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