The role of sex steroid receptors in sheep female reproductive physiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meikle ◽  
C. Tasende ◽  
C. Sosa ◽  
E. G. Garófalo
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Luteal Function

Cell responsiveness to steroid hormones is related to the number and affinity of its receptors, thus factors affecting steroid expression will influence tissue sensitivity and functionality. The present review discusses the role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in sheep female reproductive physiology. The mechanism of steroid hormone action in the target cell is introduced first; the tissue distribution, physiological functions and regulation of oestrogen receptor subtypes and progesterone receptor isoforms in ruminants are reported. The role of steroid receptors in target tissues (with emphasis on the uterus and pituitary gland) during different physiological events is addressed in an attempt to clarify oestrogen and progesterone actions in different developmental and reproductive stages: prepubertal period, oestrous cycle, pregnancy, post-partum period and seasonal anoestrus. The present review shows how the distinct reproductive stages are accompanied by dramatic changes in uterine receptor expression. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the molecular mechanism responsible for premature luteolysis that results in subnormal luteal function is discussed. Finally, the effect of nutrition on sex steroid receptor expression and the involvement on reproductive performance is reported.

scholarly journals Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (39) ◽  
pp. 5945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Kalra ◽  
Jary Mayes ◽  
Senait Assefa ◽  
Anil K Kaul ◽  
Rashmi Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Receptors

Oxytocin receptor concentrations, inositol phosphate turnover and prostaglandin release by endometrium from ewes induced to ovulate during the early post-partum period

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wallace ◽  
M. G. Thompson ◽  
R. P. Aitken ◽  
M. A. Cheyne
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Prostaglandin F

ABSTRACT Induction of ovulation early post partum in sheep is associated with a high incidence (30–40%) of premature luteolysis. The present study was designed to characterize oxytocin receptor levels, oxytocin-stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) turnover (second messenger) and oxytocin-stimulated prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) release in the endometrium of post-partum ewes induced to ovulate 21 days after parturition and expected to exhibit a range of corpus luteal functions subsequently. Ovulation was induced on day 21 post partum using a controlled internal drug release device and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, and uterine tissues were collected on days 5, 10 or 15 of the cycle (n = 4/day). A further 12 ewes whose interval from previous parturition exceeded 150 days were similarly treated and acted as controls. Measurement of daily peripheral progesterone concentrations revealed that while all control ewes exhibited normal luteal function, abnormal luteal function was evident in two, two and one post-partum ewes studied on days 5, 10 and 15 of the cycle respectively. Oxytocin receptor binding was detected (by receptor-binding assay and in-vitro autoradiography) in the endometrium and myometrium of post-partum ewes at all three stages of the oestrous cycle but only at day 15 in control ewes. To determine IP turnover, 100 mg caruncular endometrium was incubated in duplicate for 2·5 h with 10 μCi [3H]inositol and treated with 0 or 2 μmol oxytocin/l for 30 min, then [3H]inositol mono-, bis- and trisphosphates were quantified. Oxytocin stimulated total IPs in all day-5 and day-15 post-partum ewes, in three of four day-10 ewes and in all day-15 control ewes. Basal endometrial PGF2α release measured in triplicate (100 mg/well) during a 2 h incubation was higher in post-partum versus control ewes on days 5 and 10 but not on day 15 of the cycle. Similarly, oxytocin stimulated PGF2α release to varying levels at all stages of the cycle in post-partum ewes but only on day 15 in control ewes. Irrespective of the treatment group endometrial oxytocin receptor number was significantly (P < 0·001) correlated with oxytocin-stimulated IP turnover and PGF2α release. Thus the induction of ovulation and the subsequent luteal phase in post-partum ewes is against a back ground of high oxytocin receptor expression and enhanced PGF2α release which in some ewes may contribute to abnormal luteal function. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 17–25

scholarly journals Absent Progesterone Signaling in Kisspeptin Neurons Disrupts the LH Surge and Impairs Fertility in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 3091-3097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon B. Z. Stephens ◽  
Kristen P. Tolson ◽  
Melvin L. Rouse ◽  
Matthew C. Poling ◽  
Minako K. Hashimoto-Partyka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Estrogen Regulation ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Normal Fertility ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus

Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1, stimulates GnRH neurons to govern reproduction. In rodents, estrogen-sensitive kisspeptin neurons in the anterior ventral periventricular nucleus and neighboring periventricular nucleus are thought to mediate sex steroid-induced positive feedback induction of the preovulatory LH surge. These kisspeptin neurons coexpress estrogen and progesterone receptors and display enhanced neuronal activation during the LH surge. However, although estrogen regulation of kisspeptin neurons has been well studied, the role of progesterone signaling in regulating kisspeptin neurons is unknown. Here we tested whether progesterone action specifically in kisspeptin cells is essential for proper LH surge and fertility. We used Cre-lox technology to generate transgenic mice lacking progesterone receptors exclusively in kisspeptin cells (termed KissPRKOs). Male KissPRKOs displayed normal fertility and gonadotropin levels. In stark contrast, female KissPRKOs displayed earlier puberty onset and significant impairments in fertility, evidenced by fewer births and substantially reduced litter size. KissPRKOs also had fewer ovarian corpora lutea, suggesting impaired ovulation. To ascertain whether this reflects a defect in the ability to generate sex steroid-induced LH surges, females were exposed to an estradiol-positive feedback paradigm. Unlike control females, which displayed robust LH surges, KissPRKO females did not generate notable LH surges and expressed significantly blunted cfos induction in anterior ventral periventricular nucleus kisspeptin neurons, indicating that progesterone receptor signaling in kisspeptin neurons is required for normal kisspeptin neuronal activation and LH surges during positive feedback. Our novel findings demonstrate that progesterone signaling specifically in kisspeptin cells is essential for the positive feedback induction of normal LH surges, ovulation, and normal fertility in females.

scholarly journals The Role of Androgen Receptor Expression in the Curative Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Poelaert ◽  
Charles Van Praet ◽  
Anne-Sophie Beerens ◽  
Gert De Meerleer ◽  
Valérie Fonteyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Gleason Pattern

The androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In the setting of primary treatment of PCa with radiotherapy (RT), where the AR can be expected to be of more importance, studies evaluating the AR expression are lacking. The goal of this research is to evaluate AR protein expression in hormone-naive PCa patients treated by RT and investigate its possible prognostic role. Primary biopsy samples of 18 patients treated with primary RT were analyzed including the corresponding clinical information. AR protein expression of the tumor epithelium (with highest Gleason pattern) and the surrounding stroma was quantified using the Quick score for steroid receptors. The differential expression between epithelium and stroma, respectively, between tumor and normal tissue (ΔTumor − ΔBenign >2 versus ≤2), was predictive for clinical progression-free survival in the biopsy samples (P= 0.014). Preliminary results of this research show already a promising role of differential AR expression in predicting clinical relapse after PCa treatment with primary EBRT. Further research is needed to validate these findings. Hopefully this can lead to a better understanding of PCa evolution and eventually lead to better therapy strategies.

The Biologic Role of Sex Steroid Receptors in the Decidualization of Human Endometrium

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Tamaya ◽  
Jiro Fujimoto ◽  
Kenji Arabori ◽  
Keisuke Wada ◽  
Yoshiko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Receptors

OVARIAN ACTIVITIES OF PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE DEPENDENT DEHYDROGENASES IN THE RAT DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531
Author(s):  
T. Lunaas ◽  
R. L. Baldwin ◽  
P. T. Cupps
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

ABSTRACT The activities of soluble enzymes catalyzing electron transfer in the systems malate:NADP, glucose-6-phosphate:NADP, 6-phosphogluconate: NADP, isocitrate:NADP and malate:NAD were determined in the ovaries of rats at several stages of reproduction. The enzymic activities (as μmol of product formed per min per g tissue) during late pregnancy (33 – 7 – 5 – 28 – 48, respectively) differed appreciably from the activities during the oestrous cycle (7 – 13 –3 – 30 – 25) and also at parturition (13 – 10 – 3 – 26 – 26). During pregnancy and parturition as well as during lactation and weaning there was an inverse relationship between the malate enzyme (malate:NADP) and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The ratio between the activities of these enzymes varied within a wide range (0.5 – 5) and appeared to reflect luteal function. The enzymic activities on day 6 of lactation in the involuted corpora lutea of pregnancy (7 – 15 – 3 – 41 – 32) and in the corpora lutea deriving from the post partum ovulation (15 – 7 – 4 – 39 – 36) were in agreement with this view. The possible role of the malate enzyme in the ovarian synthesis of steroids is discussed with reference to its presumed role in lipogenesis in the rat.

Critical role of V1a vasopressin receptor in murine parturition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Tsuchiya ◽  
Shyota Fujimura ◽  
Yoko Fujiwara ◽  
Taka-aki Koshimizu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Uterine Contractile ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone

Abstract The precise mechanisms of the reproductive physiological processes, such as labor initiation, are poorly understood. Oxytocin (OT) is one of the well-known uterotonics and is clinically adopted as a medication to facilitate childbirth. Vasopressin (VP), a posterior pituitary hormone similar to OT, has also been proposed to be involved in the reproductive physiology. In this study, we found that a total deficiency of V1a receptor subtype (V1aR) in mice resulted in a reduced number of pups, delayed labor initiation, and increased post-delivery hemorrhage compared with those in wild-type mice. Among the VP receptor subtypes, only V1aR was found to be expressed in the murine uterus and its distribution pattern was different from that of the oxytocin receptor (OTR); V1aR expression was mainly distributed in the circular myometrium, whereas OTR was strongly expressed in both the circular and longitudinal myometrium. The maximum contractile force of the circular myometrium, induced by VP or OT, was attenuated in the pregnant uterus of Avpr1a-deficient mice. Contrarily, while OT expression was decreased in the Avpr1a-deficient uterus, OTR expression was significantly increased. These results suggest that V1aR deficiency not only reduces the uterine contractile force but also perturbs the expression of genes responsible for the reproductive physiology. Therefore, V1aR is necessary to exert the maximum contraction of the circular myometrium to deliver pups. This study revealed an important role of V1aR in physiological contraction and term parturition in mice.

scholarly journals Influence of age and gender on sex steroid receptors in rat masticatory muscles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pucci Mantelli Galhardo ◽  
Márcio Katsuyoshi Mukai ◽  
Matsuyoshi Mori ◽  
Katia Candido Carvalho ◽  
Maria Cândida Pinheiro Baracat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Digastric Muscle ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Old Females

AbstractThe temporomandibular muscle dysfunction is characterized by myofascial pain and is more prevalent in women of reproductive age. Sex steroid hormones are hypothetically involved in the dysfunction, but few are the studies of steroid receptors in masticatory and mastication-related muscles. Our aim was to determine estrogen and testosterone receptor expression in rat masticatory and mastication-related muscles within the context of age and gender. Twelve rats were equally divided into four groups: (a) 10-month-old females; (b) 10-month-old males; (c) 24-month-old females; and (d) 24-month-old males. Euthanasia of the females was performed in the proestrous phase (vaginal smears) and the masticatory and accessory muscles were removed for immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and the Tukey test. Estrogen receptor expression was similarly low in all muscles and groups. Testosterone receptor expression in the Masseter muscle of the 24-month-old male rats was higher than that in the other groups and significantly superior to its expression in the Posterior Digastric muscle. In short, testosterone receptor expression was highest in old male rats. If we generalize to humans, this fact could indicate age- and sex-related hormonal influence on temporomandibular muscle dysfunction. Further studies, however, are necessary to strengthen this hypothesis.

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