scholarly journals 259PRODUCTION OF TROPICAL DAIRY CALVES BY EMBRYO TRANSFER USING LOCAL LAISIND (BOS INDICUS) RECIPIENTS AND INTERCONTINENTAL FRESH IVF SHIPPED EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
B.X. Nguyen ◽  
N.T. Uoc ◽  
L.V. Ty ◽  
R.L. Monson ◽  
M.L. Leibfried-Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Development In Vitro

Increasing the diary population and milk production is a goal of many tropical developing countries. We report in this paper an attempt to develop a system of intercontinental shipping for transfer of fresh crossbred Bos taurus×Bos indicus IVF embryos into local Laisind (Bos indicus) recipients as a way to produce tropical dairy calves with highly improved milk productivity. The production of embryos was done at BOMED, Inc (Madison, WI, USA). Oocytes collected from ovaries of Holstein (Bos taurus) at slaughter and semen from milking Gir (Bos indicus) were used for IVP. Cleaved embryos were selected for air shipping in portable incubators at Day 4 (Group 1), Day 3 (Group 2) or Day 2 (Group 3) after IVF. The duration of shipping varied from 60 to 65h. Embryo transfer was done in Vietnam. Laisind cows (Yellow cattle×Red Sindhi) with body weight more then 280kg and normal reproductive activity were selected for treatment of estrous synchronization with double 11-day interval injection of PG2α (Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands) and single injection of eCG (SABC Vietnam) two days before the second injection of PG2α. Timing of injections was calculated according to the IVF schedule. Embryos collected from portable incubators were transferred to a CO2 incubator for further culture at 39°C. Two experiments were carried out: (1) transfer of embryos without sexing;; (2) transfer of embryos after biopsy and sex determination by PCR. In experiment 2, compact morulae or morula-blastocysts were selected for sex determination. Four to five blastomeres were aspirated from each embryo using a cutting pipette and an aspiration pipette of 30-μm diameter. PCR was done as previously described (Uoc et al., 1999 J. Biology). After biopsy, embryos were kept in culture for one day to observe the development in vitro. Embryos developed to morula-blastocyst or hatching blastocyst at Day 7 or Day 8 after IVF were transferred nonsurgically to recipients with estrus detected in the period from 0 to 12h before or after the starting IVF. Pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation 3 months after embryo transfer. The average rate of embryos developed into morula-blastocyst was more then 50% (Table 1) and there were no significant differences among different shipping groups. For experiment 2, more then 87 % of embryos biopsied developed in vitro to expanding and hatching embryos. The average rate of female embryos was 56.3%. The pregnancy rate at 3 months was more then 44% (n=188). The first group of calves was born without unusual birthing problems. In conclusion, the system of embryo transfer using intercontinental shipping of fresh IVF embryos and local Bos indicus recipients can be applied for production of dairy calves. Supported by grant from the AIRE-Development agency. Table 1 Development in vitro of IVP embryos

239 INFLUENCE OF BREED PREDOMINANCE ON MATURATION COMPETENCE, FERTILIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO OF BOVINE OOCYTES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
J. Pelaez ◽  
H. Hernandez-Fonseca ◽  
A. Pirela ◽  
F. Baez ◽  
P. Villamediana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Ethanol Acetic Acid ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The purpose of this research was to compare the competence of bovine oocytes of different breed predominance (Bos taurus v. Bos indicus) to mature and to be fertilized. This was done through the collection, selection, maturation, and fertilization of oocytes from slaughtered cows, predominantly either B. taurus or B. indicus. Only cows that were at least 5/8 B. taurus or 5/8 B. indicus, according to a series of phenotypic characteristics, such as the presence of a hump, dewlap, length of the ears, and others, were selected. To obtain cumulus–oocyte complexes, ovarian follicles (3 to 10 mm in diameter) were aspirated, and only oocytes with 2 or more layers of cumulus cells, an intact zona pellucida, and a homogeneous granular cytoplasm were selected. After selection, oocyte maturation [in vitro maturation (IVM)] and IVF were done. Frozen–thawed semen was used from one Brahman bull (B. indicus). For the evaluation of IVM as for IVF, oocytes were fixed for approximately 24 h at 4°C in a solution of ethanol : acetic acid (3 : 1). They were then stained with 1% acetic orcein. A chi-squared test was performed for all reported rates. The rate of maturation of oocytes from cows with a predominant B. indicus phenotype was 66.93%, whereas cows with a B. taurus phenotype reached 43.10% (P < 0.001). Regarding the fertilization rate, predominantly B. indicus females had 43.68% of oocytes normally fertilized and 41.74% of oocytes were abnormally penetrated. This category included polyspermic and asynchronic (abnormally developed pronucleus) oocytes. In cows with B. taurus predominance, 31.96% of oocytes were normally penetrated and 46.39% were abnormally penetrated by spermatozoa (no significant differences were found). The rate of non-fertilized oocytes was significantly different (P < 0.05) among B. indicus and B. taurus oocytes (6.79 and 17.52%, respectively). A small and nonsignificant proportion of degenerated oocytes resulted in both groups (7.79% for B. indicus and 4.14% for B. taurus). The cleavage rate was not different among phenotypic groups (36.12 and 32.30%, respectively, for B. indicus and B. taurus). In conclusion, the present results indicate that oocytes from predominantly B. indicus cows were more competent than oocytes from cows with a predominance of the B. taurus breed. Nonetheless, this superiority was not evident in terms of cleavage rates. Semen from other B. indicus and B. taurus breeds must be tested to clarify any breed interactions.

169 OVUM PICK-UP, IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION, AND EMBRYO TRANSFER IN CATTLE IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL MEXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
S. Castañeda ◽  
S. Romo ◽  
M. E. Kjelland
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
In Vitro Embryo Production

Biotechnology continues to evolve rapidly, allowing the development of artificial reproductive techniques (ART) to increase reproductive efficiency and contribute to the genetic improvement of domestic animals. The present study examines the results obtained after 30 months of starting a commercial practice for ovum pickup (OPU) in vitro embryo production (IVP) and embryo transfer (ET) in cattle in tropical and subtropical Mexico. This research was conducted from 2013–2015 in beef and dairy cattle kept under different environmental and management conditions in 6 states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Yucatan). Oocytes were collected by OPU, without hormonal treatment, from 10 donor cows: 2 Bos taurus (Bt), 5 Bos indicus (Bi), and 3 Bt × Bi. A total of 98 oocyte recovery sessions were performed on 756 cows and produced 12 524 viable oocytes (1349 GI, 3383 GII, 7792 GIII), which were sent to a central laboratory for IVP. Both conventional and sexed semen were used for IVF, from 9 breeds: 2 Bt, 5 Bi and 2 Bt × Bi. The overall cleavage rate was 69% (8587/12 524). The embryo production efficiency rate was 31% (3905/12 524). Fresh sexed and conventional embryos were transferred to recipients synchronised with the following protocol: Day 0, application of an intravaginal device (ID) with progesterone and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate IM; Day 8, removal of the ID, 400 IU eCG IM, 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium IM, and 0.5 mg oestradiol cipionate IM. Day 10 was considered the day of oestrus. Pregnancy rate after ET was 38% (945/3905). The average number of viable oocytes per donor cow was 16.57; the average number of transferred embryos per donor cow was 5.17, and the average number of pregnancies per donor cow was 1.25. The OPU-IVP were successful in producing pregnancies even under several adverse conditions, such as a tropical environment, many donors being prepuberal females and the majority of the adult cows having a previous non-productive history due to hormonal mishandling in superovulation programs or because of overfeeding for show purposes. The consequences of these factors can be observed in the lower overall cleavage rate obtained (69%), compared to the expected (75%). Some variables require further analysis (e.g. different OPU and ET technicians, time of year, cow age, cow breed, and use of conventional and sexed semen). A successful IVP practice has to face and overcome multiple problems that may arise in some geographic locations but, perhaps, not in others. It is interesting to note the use of sexed versus conventional embryos, of the 98 ET sessions, 25 involved sexed embryos versus 73 for conventional embryos. The use of sexed semen for OPU-IVP and ET in this region of Mexico continues to expand. We thank Genemex Internacional and the ranch owners that were involved with this research.

scholarly journals Effects of heat stress on development, quality and survival of Bos indicus and Bos taurus embryos produced in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Silva ◽  
E.S. Sartorelli ◽  
A.C.S. Castilho ◽  
R.A. Satrapa ◽  
R.Z. Puelker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus

Micromolar concentration of pentoxifylline improves development in vitro of hamster 8-cell embryos: conrmation of biological viability by embryo transfer

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupasri Ain ◽  
P. B. Seshagiri
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Embryo Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Development In Vitro

The inßuence of the sperm motility stimulant pentoxifylline (PF) on preimplantation embryo development in hamsters was evaluated. Eight-cell embryos were cultured in hamster embryo culture medium (HECM)-2, with or without PF (0· 0233·6 mM). There was 90%, 37% and 29% inhibition of blastocyst development by 3·6 (used for human sperm), 0·9 and 0 ·45 mM PF, respectively. However, 23 µM PF (exposed to hamster oocytes during IVF) signicantly (P < 0·05) improved blastocyst development (63· 6% v. 51· 8%); morulae development was, however, not curtailed by 0·45 mM or 0·9 mM PF (51·8%±6·0 or 50·5%±11·3, respectively). Post-implantation viability of PF-treated embryos was assessed by embryo transfer; 43% of 80 PF-treated embryos implanted compared with 40% of 79 control embryos. Of the 9 recipients, 6 females delivered pups (19, i.e. 16% of transferred embryos or 53% of implanted embryos). These data show that in hamsters, continuous presence of PF at 0·45-3·6 mM is detrimental to 8-cell embryo development whereas 23 µM PF improves the development of embryos to viable blastocysts which produce live offspring.

207 INFLUENCE OF THE INTERVAL BETWEEN THAWING TO TRANSFER ON PREGNANCY RATES OF FROZEN - THAWED DIRECT-TRANSFER EMBRYOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
G. A. Bo ◽  
L. C. Peres ◽  
D. Pincinato ◽  
M. de la Rey ◽  
R. Tribulo
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the interval between thawing to deposition of the embryo into the uterine horn on pregnancy rates of in vivo-produced frozen–thawed embryos in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (direct transfer). Data were collected from 1122 embryo transfers performed in the same farm (Estancia El Mangrullo, Lavalle, Santiago del Estero, Argentina) during the spring and summer of 2004/05 and 2005/06 (6 replicates, ambient temperature between 20 and 40�C). Recipients used in all replicates were non-lactating, cycling, multiparous Bos taurus � Bos indicus crossbred cows with body condition score between 3 and 4 (1 to 5 scale) that were synchronized using fixed-time embryo transfer protocols. Briefly, the synchronization treatments consisted of the insertion of a Crestar ear implant (Intervet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) or a progesterone-releasing device (DIB; Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina), plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex) intramuscularly (IM) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG (Folligon 5000; Intervet, or Novormon 5000; Syntex) IM plus 150 �g d-cloprostenol IM (Preloban; Intervet, or Ciclase; Syntex) on Day 5. Progestin devices were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg of EB IM on Day 9. All cows were examined by ultrasonography on Day 16 and those with a luteal area &gt;76 mm2 (by calculating the area of the CL minus the area of the cavity) received, on Day 17, frozen–thawed embryos by nonsurgical transfer. All embryos were Grade 1, and all were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol at the Embryo Plus Laboratory (Brits, South Africa). After being stored in liquid nitrogen, the embryos were plunged directly (no air thawing) in a 30�C water bath for 30 s, and then transferred to the recipient cows by either one of two technicians. Based on the interval between thawing and transfer, the transfers were classified as being in one of 3 groups: Group 1: &lt;3 min; Group 2: 3 to 6 min; and Group 3: 6 to 16 min. The main reason for delayed transfers beyond 6 min was the replacement of one recipient for another because of difficulty in threading the cervix (1% of the total transfers) or a recipient falling down into the chute or with very bad disposition and behavior. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 28 to 35 days after fixed-time embryo transfer, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. There were no effects of replicate, technician, CL area, recipient body condition score, embryo stage, and time from thawing to transfer on pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates in the 3 thawing to transfer intervals were: Group 1: 215/385, 55.8%; Group 2: 372/655, 56.8%; Group 3: 42/82, 51.2%; P &gt; 0.6. These results may be interpreted to suggest that there is no significant effect of time from thawing to transfer (up to 16 min) in direct transfer embryos using Bos taurus � Bos indicus recipients transferred at a fixed time.

257 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOS TAURUS AND BOS INDICUS EMBRYOS: TRANSCRIPTS AMOUNTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
S. Wohlres-Viana ◽  
M. M. Pereira ◽  
A. P. Oliveira ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
M. A. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Peroxiredoxin 1 ◽  
Vitro Production

The Zebu breeds (Bos indicus) are different from European breeds (Bos taurus) in some aspects of their reproductive physiology, including follicle recruitment, number of follicular waves, and oocyte ultrastructure. On the other hand, embryos produced in vivo and in vitro show morphological and developmental differences, which can be related to culture environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed (Gyr v. Holstein) within embryo production system (in vivo and in vitro), as well as effect of production systems within breeds on relative abundance of transcripts related to formation, survival, and subsequent development of blastocysts, such as those involved in water and small solutes transport (Aquaporins 3 and 11), blastocoel formation (Na+/K+-ATPase a1 and |52), and cellular stress response (Peroxiredoxin 1). For in vivo embryo production, donors were superstimulated with FSH and inseminated, and embryos were recovered 7 days after AI. For in vitro embryo production, oocytes recovered by ovum pickup were in vitro matured and fertilized and then cultured for 7 days in culture medium under 5% CO2 at 38.5°C. For each group, blastocysts (n = 15) distributed in 3 pools were used for RNA extraction (RNeasy MicroKit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA), followed by RNA amplification (Messageamp II amplification kit, Ambion-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and reverse transcription (SuperScript III First-Stand Synthesis Supermix, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The cDNA were submitted to real-time PCR, using the H2a gene as endogenous control, and analyzed by REST© software. To evaluate breed effect within the production systems, 2 comparisons were performed: (1) in vivo: Gyr v. Holstein and (2) in vitro: Gyr v. Holstein, considering Holstein data as 1.00. To evaluate production system effect within breeds, 2 comparisons were performed: (1) Gyr: in vivo v. in vitro and (2) Holstein: in vivo v. in vitro, considering in vivo produced embryo data as 1.00. The results are shown as mean ± SEM. For in vivo comparison between breeds, Aquaporin 3 (1.66 ± 0.77), Na+/K+-ATPase a1 (1.61 ± 0.56), and Peroxiredoxin 1 (1.61 ± 0.66) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in Gyr embryos when compared with Holstein embryos, whereas for in vitro comparison, no differences (P > 0.05) were found. For comparisons between production systems within breeds, only Peroxiredoxin 1 (0.31 ± 0.39) was down-regulated (P < 0.01) in in vitro produced Gyr embryos when compared with in vivo counterparts. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between production systems for the Holstein breed. In conclusion, these data suggest that there is a difference on gene expression between Bos taurus and Bos indicus blastocysts, but such difference between breeds can be attenuated by the in vitro production system, indicating an embryo adaptation to the in vitro culture conditions. The data also suggest that the in vitro production system can influence the amount of transcripts in Gyr embryos. Other genes should be evaluated for a better understanding of these differences. Financial support was provided by CNPq and FAPEMIG.

121 DIFFERENTIAL mRNA EXPRESSION BETWEEN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO-DERIVED BOS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
L. Nasser ◽  
P. Stranieri ◽  
A. Gutiérrez-Adán ◽  
M. Clemente ◽  
L. Jorge de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
P53 Gene

Brazil is a leading country in the world of commercial use of in vitro-produced bovine embryos with 200 000 transfers per year. The majority of in vitro-produced embryos are pure breed Nelore and are transferred fresh with 40% pregnancy rate. However, pregnancies are drastically reduced with frozen in vitro embryos. This experiment is part of our effort to learn more about molecular composition and morphology of in vitro-derived embryos that may be responsible for such discrepancy. We examined molecular expression of mRNA transcripts of 6 selected genes; apoptosis Bax,TP53(p53), SHC1SHC(p66), insulin growth factor receptor (IGF2R), stabilization of the plasma membrane PLAC8 and glucose conversion H6PD in in-vivo (control) and in-vitro Nelore and Bos taurus embryos. In vivo embryos were collected from superovulated cows at Day 7. In vitro embryo was produced from oocytes aspirated from live cows. A total of 284 oocytes (4 replicates) were matured and fertilized by standard IVF procedures. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in CR2 medium with 5% BSA in 50 μL drops (25 zygotes per drop) at 39°C under paraffin oil and 5% CO2 in humidified air. Embryos that developed on Days 7 to blastocyst were transferred to recipients, and 10 blastocysts from each replicate were frozen for evaluation of gene expression patterns. Poly(A) mRNA was prepared from 3 groups of pools of 10 in vitro embryos and 10 of control in vivo-derived embryos. The quantification of all gene transcripts was carried out by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using the comparative CT method. Data on mRNA expression were normalized to the endogenous H2a.z and was analyzed by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The cleavage rates at Day 2 and number of blastocysts developed at Day 7 were 80.3 ± 3.2 and 42.2 ± 6.4, respectively. The level of expression of IGF2R was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in in vivo-derived embryos than in both groups of in vitro embryos. The expression of all 3 apoptosis genes were lower (P < 0.05) in in vivo than in vitro embryos with exception of p53 gene that was not different between Nelore in vitro and in vivo embryos but was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Bos taurus in vitro embryos. There was no difference in expression of PLAC8 gene among any tested group of embryos and in expression of H6PD gene between Nelore in vitro and in vivo embryos. We concluded that significant differences in molecular makeup between in vitro and in vivo-derived Nelore embryos exist. Of particular importance seems to be pattern of expression of IGF2R receptor gene known as a good indicator of embryo quality, which promotes proliferation and differentiation. Similarly, higher expression of 2 BAX and p66 genes of apoptosis in in vitro embryos seems to be a further indication of inferior quality of Nelore in vitro-derived embryos that showed to be more profound in Bos taurus in vitro-derived embryos.

179 COMPARISON OF OOCYTE AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION AMONG BOS TAURUS, BOS INDICUS, AND INDICUS-TAURUS DONOR COWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. F. Pontes ◽  
K. C. F. Silva ◽  
A. C. Basso ◽  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
G. M. G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Donor Cows

In recent years, Brazil has become the leading country in the world for the number of embryos produced in vitro (Thibier M 2009 IETS Embryo Transfer Newsletter 22, 12-19). This is partly due to the large numbers of Bos indicus animals in Brazil, making up about 80% of the total cattle. The mean oocyte production per ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration from Bos indicus is higher than those for European breeds (Pontes JHF et al. 2009 Theriogenology 71, 690-697). In the present study, we analyzed 5407 ovum pick ups (OPU) and compared the average production of total (n = 90,086) and viable (n = 64,826) oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Gir (Bos taurus indicus), Holstein (Bos taurus taurus), 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed cows. To obtain oocytes, OPU was repeated from 4 to 7 times (mean = 5.7 ± 2.4) in each donor cow aged from 3 to 7 years (mean = 5.0 ± 2.3) during a 12-mo period. COCs (n = 90,086) obtained were classified according to the presence of cumulus cells and the oocyte cytoplasm aspect (homogeneous or heterogeneous/fragmented). The viable oocytes (n = 64,826) were in vitro matured for 24 h at 38.8°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Since this was a commercial programm, frozen sexed semen (2 × 106 mL-1) from Gir (n = 8) or Holstein (n = 7) sires previously tested for high efficiency was used for IVF. Fertilization was carried out (18-20 h) and the presumed embryos were cultured for 7 days in the same conditions as were used for IVM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. On average, 16.7 ± 6.2 oocytes were obtained per OPU/IVF procedure and 71.96% were considered viable. The mean numbers of total oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 17.1 ± 4.4 for Gir cows (n = 617), 11.4 ± 3.9 for Holstein cows (n = 180), 20.4 ± 5.8 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir (n = 44), and 31.4 ± 5.6 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (n = 37, P < 0.01). The mean numbers of viable oocytes per OPU/IVF procedure were 12.1 ± 3.8 for Gir cows, 8.0 ± 2.6 for Holstein cows, 16.8, ± 5.0 for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 24.3 ± 4.7 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir crossbreed females (P < 0.01). The average number of embryos produced by OPU/IVF were 3.2 (n = 12,243/3378) for Gir cows, 2.2 (n = 2426/1138) for Holstein cows, 3.9 (n = 1033/267) for 1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir, and 5.5 (n = 1222/224) for 1/2 Holstein-Gir. The average number of embryos produced per IVF session from 1/2 taurus × indicus donor cows was greater (P < 0.01) than from Bos indicus cows. The number of recoverable and viable oocytes and the number of embryos produced in vitro from Bos indicus donors were higher than from Bos taurus females. Therefore, the highest oocyte yield and the greatest embryo production were obtained from 1/2 taurus × indicus females. This work was supported by In Vitro Brasil.

86 Difficulty of Transfer of In Vivo-Derived Bovine Embryos and Route of Administration of Flunixin Meglumine at the Time of Transfer may Affect Pregnancy Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
J. Duran ◽  
D. Argudo ◽  
S. Bravo ◽  
C. Soria ◽  
G. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Chi Square Test

Recipient handling during embryo transfer (ET) induces prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) production in 2 periods: an early transient and rapid increase around the time of ET, followed by another 2 to 4 h later. This PGF2α is associated with embryonic loss during early gestation by affecting both the embryo and the corpus luteum. To control this, antiprostaglandins such as flunixin meglumine (FM) have been applied IM at the time of ET with varying results. In such studies, the interaction of IM administration of FM and difficulty of transfer has not always been evaluated, possibly confusing the interpretation of the results. Furthermore, IV FM injection at ET and its relationship with pregnancy rates (PR) has not been determined. The objectives were (1) to determine the relationship between difficulty of ET and PR; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of IM v. IV FM on pregnancy outcomes. One hundred and ten crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) heifers (18-24 months old) from 3 farms were used as recipients. Two evaluation systems of ET difficulty were used: (1) duration of transfer (objective determination of the elapsed time measured in seconds between the introduction of the catheter and embryo release), and (2) level of difficulty experienced by the practitioner (subjective determination; 1 = minimum and 2 = medium to extreme manipulation). Quality 1 and 2 fresh embryos from superovulated cows were transferred by the same practitioner. At ET, recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control (no treatment, n = 31); (2) FM-IM (n = 39): injected IM with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM at ET; and (3) FM-IV (N = 40): injected with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM IV at ET. Pregnancy was diagnosed at 30 to 40 and 60 to 90 days after ET. Spearman’s test was performed to determine the correlation between duration and difficulty at ET and Chi-square test was used to compare PR. The mean duration of transfer for all heifers was 62.3 ± 57.5 s (11 to 357 s; median: 44.5 s). There was a high correlation (0.8; P < 0.001) between the ET difficulty evaluation systems. Overall, ET difficulty 1 had higher PR than ET difficulty 2 (64.2 v. 40.7; P = 0.013). The PR was significantly improved (P < 0.01) in the FM-IV group (75 and 70% at 30 and 60 days after ET) compared with control (45.2 and 32.3%) and FM-IM (33.3 and 30.7%). In conclusion, results indicate that the difficulty of transfer affects PR achieved following the transfer of in vivo-derived bovine embryos. Treatment with FM-IV following transfer resulted in significantly higher PR compared with control and FM-IM recipients. The IV injection of FM may antagonize the very early and transient increase of PGF2α caused by genital tract manipulation (even gently performed) at embryo transfer. Further research is necessary to confirm the results of the present study.

scholarly journals 166 EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH hCG OR GnRH AT THE TIME OF EMBRYO TRANSFER ON PREGNANCY RATES IN COWS SYNCHRONIZED WITH PROGESTERONE VAGINAL DEVICES, ESTRADIOL BENZOATE, AND eCG

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tribulo ◽  
E. Balla ◽  
L. Cutaia ◽  
G.A. Bo ◽  
P.S. Baruselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
To Receive

Although several studies have investigated the relationship between circulating progesterone and pregnancy rates in cattle, the beneficial effect of treatments that increase progesterone concentrations, by insertion of a progesterone (P4) releasing device or induction of an accessory CL with hCG, GnRH, or LH treatment, has resulted in inconsistent effects on pregnancy rates in embryo recipients. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of hCG or GnRH treatment, given at the time of embryo transfer without estrus detection, on pregnancy rates in recipients treated with intrauterine P4-releasing devices, estradiol benzoate (EB), and eCG. The experiment was performed in two replicates; non-lactating Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred beef cows with a body condition score between 2.5 to 3.5 (1-to-5 scale) were used (replicate 1, n = 180; replicate 2, n = 140). All cows received 1 g of P4 via a P4-releasing device (DIB, Syntex, Argentina) and 2 mg EB i.m. (Syntex) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG i.m. (Novormon 5000, Syntex) plus 150 μg d(+)cloprostenol i.m. (Ciclase, Syntex) on Day 5. DIBs were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg EB i.m. on Day 9. Recipients were not observed for signs of estrus, and those >1 CL, or a single CL with an area >256 mm2, received 195 Grade 1 and 46 Grade 2 frozen/thawed “direct transfer” embryos on Day 17. At the time of embryo transfer, recipients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups to receive 1500 IU hCG (Ovusyn, Syntex), 50 μg Lecirelina (GnRH, Gonasyn, Syntex), or no treatment (control) at that time. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed on Day 0 to determine ovarian status (only cows with a CL or a follicle >10 mm and uterine tone were used), on Day 17 to measure CL area, and 40 days after embryo transfer to determine pregnancy status. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and the effects of replication, technician, treatment, and embryo quality were considered in the model. From the 320 recipients treated with a DIB plus EB and eCG, 241 (75.3%) were selected to receive an embryo. Nine (3.7%) and 1 (0.4%) of the selected recipients had 2 and 3 CL, respectively. Pregnancy rates did not differ between replicates (replicate 1: 80/140, 57.1%; and replicate 2: 57/101, 56.4%; P = 0.84), technicians (technician 1: 65/118, 55.1%; and technician 2: 72/123, 58.5%; P = 0.64), or treatments (hCG: 43/80, 53.8%; GnRH: 45/83, 54.2%; and control: 49/78, 62.8% P = 0.99). However, pregnancy rates were higher (P = 0.001) in recipients receiving Grade 1 embryos (121/195, 62.1%) than in those receiving Grade 2 embryos (16/46, 34.8%). GnRH or hCG treatment at the time of embryo transfer did not increase pregnancy rates in recipients synchronized with P4 releasing devices, EB, and eCG. Research was supported by Syntex S.A., Estancia El Mangrullo S.A., and Agencia Cordoba Ciencia S.E.

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