116 Role of GnRH-II and its receptor in porcine sperm function

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
C. E. Ross ◽  
D. F. Ahern ◽  
G. A. Mills ◽  
B. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Function

scholarly journals Spermatic mitochondria: role in oxidative homeostasis, sperm function and possible tools for their assessment

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Diego de Agostini Losano ◽  
Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani ◽  
Roberta Ferreira Leite ◽  
Bárbara do Carmo Simões da Silva ◽  
Valquíria Hyppolito Barnabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Fertilization Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

SummaryDespite sperm mitochondrial relevance to the fertilization capacity, the processes involved in the production of ATP and functional dynamics of sperm mitochondria are not fully understood. One of these processes is the paradox involved between function and formation of reactive oxygen species performed by the organelle. Therefore, this review aimed to provide data on the role of sperm mitochondria in oxidative homeostasis and functionality as well the tools to assess sperm mitochondrial function.

3 ROLE OF β-DEFENSIN 126 IN PROMOTING SPERM MOTILITY IN CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
B. Fernandez-Fuertes ◽  
F. Narciandi ◽  
K. G. Meade ◽  
C. O'Farrelly ◽  
S. Fair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Sperm Migration ◽  
Epididymal Fluid ◽  
Multiple Species

As immature sperm migrate through the epididymis, they are bathed in region-specific epididymal fluid, which leads to a sequential addition, deletion, and modification of their surface proteins. These changes ultimately result in the acquisition of motility and fertilising abilities. Among the hundreds of proteins secreted by the epididymis, several β-defensins have been identified and correlated with male fertility in multiple species. In cattle, β-defensin 126 (BD126) is exclusively detected in the reproductive tract of pubertal males, with preferential mRNA expression in the epididymis. Both the macaque and human orthologs have been shown to play a role in the ability of sperm to migrate through cervical mucus. The aim of this study was to examine the role of bovine BD126 in sperm function. Western blot revealed that the peptide is uniquely present in both the cauda epididymis sperm and fluid and is absent from sperm recovered from other proximal epididymal regions, or the ejaculate of vasectomised animals. Confocal analysis showed immunofluorescent labelling of BD126 specific to the tail and acrosomal region in cauda sperm only, suggesting a role in motility. We hypothesised that addition of cauda epididymal fluid (CEF) or recombinant BD126 (rBD126) to immature corpus sperm would improve ability to penetrate cervical mucus. Testes from adult bulls were collected at an abattoir, and sperm from the corpus and cauda epididymis, as well as CEF, were recovered. Corpus sperm were incubated for 1 h with CEF in the absence or presence of BD126 antibody, or with different rBD126 concentrations (30 or 60 μg mL–1); untreated corpus and cauda sperm were used as controls. A higher number of cauda than corpus sperm migrated through cervical mucus from oestrus cows (P < 0.001), and addition of CEF increased the number of corpus sperm migrating through this matrix (P < 0.05). The presence of the BD126 antibody in CEF failed to abrogate this effect. Western blot analysis of the sperm samples revealed the antibody was not successful in blocking BD126 from binding onto the sperm surface, which would explain the lack of differences observed. Furthermore, the addition of rBD126 did not increase corpus sperm migration through mucus. In conclusion, we have characterised the expression of bovine BD126 protein in the bovine testis and epididymis. Incubation of sperm from the corpus with CEF from the cauda resulted in enhanced sperm migration through cervical mucus. However, incubation of sperm with rBD126 in the absence of other factors and proteins from the CEF failed to produce the same effect. These results suggest that the role of BD126 in cattle is different from that observed in primates. We are currently investigating other roles of BD126 and related β-defensins in mediating bovine sperm function. This work was supported by a grant from the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and The Marine under the Research Stimulus Programme (Grant No. 11S 104).

An overview on role of some trace elements in human reproductive health, sperm function and fertilization process

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Mirnamniha ◽  
Fereshteh Faroughi ◽  
Eisa Tahmasbpour ◽  
Pirooz Ebrahimi ◽  
Asghar Beigi Harchegani
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Human Reproductive

Abstract Human semen contains several trace elements such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) which are necessary for reproductive health, normal spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, motility and capacitation, as well as normal sperm function. In this review, the potential role of these trace elements in male reproductive health, normal function of spermatozoa and fertility potency were considered. We selected and reviewed articles that considered crucial roles of trace elements in human sperm function and fertility. Ca is essential for sperm motility and its hyperactivation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, as well as sperm chemotaxis. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are involved in sperm motility and capacitation. Mg is necessary for normal ejaculation, spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Zn is one of the most significant nutrients in human semen. Seminal deficiency of Zn can be associated with delayed testicular development, impaired spermatogenesis, deficiency of sex hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation, and apoptosis. Se is another significant element which has antioxidative properties and is essential for spermatogenesis and the maintenance of male fertility. Mn is a potent stimulator for sperm motility; however, increased level of seminal plasma Se can be toxic for sperm. Like Se, Cu has antioxidative properties and has a positive effect on sperm parameters. Decreased level of these trace elements can negatively affect human reproductive health, semen quality, sperm normal function and as the result, fertility potency in men. Measurement of these trace elements in men with idiopathic infertility is necessary.

The role of human papillomavirus on sperm function

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Garolla ◽  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
Carlo Foresta
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sperm Function

Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and sperm function

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

The cellular generation of reactive oxygen species was first observed in mammalian spermatozoa in the late 1940s. The field then remained dormant for 30 years until Thaddeus Mann and Roy Jones published a series of landmark papers in the 1970s in which the importance of lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for damaging mammalian spermatozoa was first intimated. The subsequent demonstration that human spermatozoa produce reactive oxygen species and are susceptible to peroxidative damage has triggered intense interest in the role of oxidative stress in the aetiology of male infertility. Moreover, data have recently been obtained to indicate that, although excessive exposure to reactive oxygen species may be harmful to spermatozoa, in physiological amounts these molecules are of importance in the control of normal sperm function. This review considers the dualistic role of reactive oxygen species and sets out the current understanding of the importance of oxidative processes in both the physiology and the pathology of the human spermatozoon. Extra keywords: human spermatozoa, reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals Role of Uric Acid in Semen

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem Banihani
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Research Studies

Since 1963, various research studies and reports have demonstrated the role of uric acid (2,6,8-trihydroxypurine), an end product of adenosine and guanosine catabolism, on semen quality and sperm function. However, this effect has not yet been collectively discussed, even though uric acid has been a well-recognized constituent in semen. Here, we systematically and comprehensively discuss and summarize the role/effect of uric acid in semen quality by searching the main databases for English language articles considering this topic. Additionally, certain significant and relevant papers were considered to support discussions and perceptions. In conclusion, uric acid contributes to maintaining and enhancing sperm motility, viability, and morphology; therefore, protecting sperm function and fertilizing ability. This contribution is performed mainly by neutralizing the damaging effect of oxidizing (e.g., endogenous free radicals and exogenous toxins) and nitrating agents and enhancing certain bioactive enzymes in spermatozoa. In contrast, high levels of uric acid may induce adverse effects to sperm function, at least in part, by reducing the activity of vital enzymes in spermatozoa. However, further research, mainly clinical, is still required to fully explore the role/effect of uric acid in semen.

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