An economic framework for the evaluation of rangeland restoration projects.

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Macleod ◽  
BG Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Rangeland Degradation ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Rangeland Restoration ◽  
Formal Procedure ◽  
Benefit Cost

Statements concerning rangeland degradation and restoration issues are often supported by technically oriented evaluations, with limited consideration of the economic implications of resource conservation or rehabilitation. In the few cases where an attempt has been made to incorporate economic elements into analyses, some shortcomings have been evident in the methodology adopted. This has sometimes produced misleading results, and has made comparisons of different restoration technologies difficult. This paper examines several issues that are important in obtaining an economic perspective on the restoration of degraded rangelands. The formal procedure of benefit-cost analysis is presented as a rational framework for the economic evaluation of such activities. The framework is applied, via a case study approach, to examine the private economic value of several technologies for rangeland restoration. However, because the analysis is based on limited data, the conclusion is indicative rather than definitive. Issues relevant to the extension of the analysis to encompass social evaluations of rangeland restoration management are canvassed.

scholarly journals Midblock U-Turn and Elevated U-Turn Safety and Economy Comparison: A Case Study Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama H. Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim M. I. Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdel-Monem
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Accident Rates ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Study Application ◽  
Two Alternatives

Abstract In Egypt, intersections are encountering congestion and safety problems. Midblock U-turns have been used for solving these problems. The midblock U-turn increased the accidents, besides, it has limited capacity. In the last decade, elevated U-turns have been applied to solve these problems. The extensive use of elevated U-turns has not been accompanied by any research for studying the performance of elevated U-turns with respect to safety and economy. This paper developed a simple framework for comparing elevated and traditional midblock U-turns in terms of safety and economy. The study applied a case study to evaluate the two alternatives using a benefit-cost analysis technique. Although the results show the high cost of the elevated U-turns, it has been demonstrated to be the best solution since they provide the greater traffic capacity and lower accident rates. Accident number reported at elevated U-turns was 59 % less than the number associated with traditional U-turns.

Benefits and Costs of Regulating and Restricting Chemicals: The European Union’s REACH System and Its Effects on the Austrian Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Getzner ◽  
Denise Schulz-Zak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Austrian Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benefit Cost

The European Union’s regulation for chemical safety (REACH) addresses the registration, evaluation, assessment, and consequent authorization (or restriction) of chemicals which are potentially harmful for both public health and the environment. The current study aims at ascertaining the costs and benefits of the REACH framework for the Austrian economy under major uncertainties, and draws on a wide range of databases on public and workplace health, chemical accidents in households, and the potential environmental impacts of harmful chemicals.The uncertainties in the REACH system assessments of the effects of chemicals on health lie not only in the insufficiency of scientific evidence but also in the economic evaluation of effects on health, especially in regard to the value of statistical life (VSL), and the economic value of diseases attributed to chemicals.This benefit-cost analysis (BCA) of the REACH system in Austria therefore takes into account these manifold uncertainties by designing a conservative baseline scenario and by varying all determinants in comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Projected over a period of about 30 years, this paper provides evidence that the REACH system most probably leads to net benefits for the Austrian economy (benefit-cost ratio of about 10.6) even though many benefits are still highly uncertain or unknown.

scholarly journals A Model to Improve the Implementation Standards of Street Lighting Based on Solar Energy: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyudi Sutopo ◽  
Ika Shinta Mardikaningsih ◽  
Roni Zakaria ◽  
Ahad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Black Area ◽  
Benefit Cost

This paper aims to improve the implementation standards of solar-energy-based street lighting in Indonesia. A model framework was developed to assess existing conditions regarding the level of lux, the distance between poles, pole height, and lamp power. According to the evaluation of the existing circumstances, the street lighting system is not satisfactory according to the national standard, with 64.7% black area. An alternative installation of street lighting designed by DIALux application was proposed to fulfill the technical standard of street lighting. The result shows that this alternative design can be used for renewing existing street lighting with better performance and reliability. Economic analysis of all technically feasible alternatives was conducted afterward by benefit–cost analysis. The analysis shows that solar-energy-based street lighting requires as much as 621,473,620.00 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), with 1.06 benefit–cost ratios and a 9% reduction of total cost. Therefore, the analysis indicates that solar-energy-based technology can be feasibly implemented in a street lighting system. The results show that the proposed model can be applied to improve the implementation standard of solar-energy-based street lighting.

Case Study of Benefit–Cost Analysis of an Intercity Passenger Rail Service

2017 ◽  
Vol 2608 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Francis E. Loetterle ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Charles Quandel ◽  
Carey Barr ◽  
Andrew Komendantov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rail Service

The economic assessment of transportation projects is evolving from a reliance on user benefits (travel time, cost, or safety) to encompass a wider spectrum of potential benefits, fostered by advances in economics and recognition that different project modes deliver different portfolios of benefits. Sponsors develop projects to address specific problems in their communities. This progression in how investments are evaluated opens the door for projects whose outcomes span a variety of benefit categories rather than concentrating on traditional user benefits and permits an improved intermodal comparison of candidate investments. Transit and intercity rail projects are particular beneficiaries of the broader project assessment approach. This paper presents a case study of how a comprehensive approach to project assessment was applied to the Northern Lights Express project that would reintroduce passenger rail service between the cities of Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota, the state's largest economies. Owned and operated by BNSF Railway, Amtrak's service in the corridor ended in 1985. Six stations are planned: Target Field in Minneapolis; stations in Coon Rapids, Cambridge, and Hinckley, Minnesota; a station in Superior, Wisconsin; and Union Depot in Duluth. The goal for the analysis was threefold: ( a) to confirm that the investment would yield a positive return; ( b) to communicate with partners, stakeholders, and the public about the project's expected outcomes; and ( c) to contribute to the selection of an alternative. The benefit–cost ratio was estimated for eight alternatives that varied by physical alignment and service plan.

Indirect and Induced Benefit-Cost Analysis: A Case Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Haring ◽  
Allen Van Deventer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

scholarly journals MASALAH SAMPAH DAN BUDAYA PEMISKINAN (Studi Kasus Sampah di Maumere) | WASTE AND THE CULTURE OF IMPOVERISHMENT (Case Study on Waste in Maumere)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Amandus Benediktus Seran Klau
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

<b>Abstract:</b> Waste is generated by humans from a production process, both industrial and household. Waste is what’s left over from daily activities and is considered useless. However, when waste is recycled and reprocessed into something useful, waste obtains an economic value again. And so, piles of waste are simultaneously changed not only into arenas where the poor compete, but also into arenas where humans prey on each other. On piles of waste, we find never-ending poverty, which is prepared by the state and permitted by the Church. On piles of waste, we find an enduring culture of poverty.Using qualitative methods and a case-study approach, this study aims to uncover the practice of enduring poverty in the town of Maumere. <b>Keywords:</b> waste, scavengers, culture of impoverishment. <b>Abstrak:</b> Sampah adalah buangan yang dihasilkan manusia dari suatu proses produksi, baik industri maupun rumah tangga. Sampah merupakan sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia yang dianggap sudah tidak berguna. Namun, ketika sampah harus didaur ulang dan diolah kembali menjadi sesuatu yang berguna, sampah pun kembali mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Ketika itu, tumpukan sampah serentak berubah tidak saja menjadi arena adu nasib, tetapi juga arena saling memangsa. Di atas tumpukan sampah, kita temukan praktik pemiskinan tanpa akhir, yang dikondisikan oleh negara dan dibiarkan oleh Gereja. Di atas tumpukan sampah, ditemukan budaya pemiskinan yang langgeng di Kota Maumere. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus, penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan praktik pemiskinan tanpa akhir tersebut. <b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> sampah, pemulung, budaya pemiskinan.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE PARTIES IN CREDIT AGREEMENT WITH FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE AFTER THE ISSUENCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Celina Tri Siwi Kristiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Legal Consequences

Fiduciary Guarantee Law is one of the material guarantees specifically regulated in Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Guarantees that realizes the public's need for legal certainty but guaranteed objects still have economic value.  Article 15 of Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees is felt burdensome to debtors, because creditors make forced efforts to take fiduciary guarantee objects in the form of 2-wheeled and 4-wheeled vehicles. The purpose of this study is (1) Finding and analyzing the basis of the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 (2) Finding and explaining the legal consequences of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 on legal protection for parties to credit agreements with fiduciary guarantees (3) Finding and explaining constraints on Financial Service Institutions (LJK) in the implementation of constitutional court decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019.  The research method used is juridical normative and empirical with a case study approach so that achievements are more comprehensive related to the principle of legal protection for parties in fiduciary guarantees. The result obtained that since the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019, the executive confiscation cannot be done directly by creditors must go through a court decision. The executorial confiscation in Article 15 of Law Number 42 concerning Fiduciary Guarantee has been contrary to Article 1 (3), Article 27 (1), Article 28D (1), Article 28G (1) and Article 28H (4) of the Constitution of 1945. It takes good faith from the parties so that the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 guarantees justice, legal certainty and provides legal protection. An agreement is required in accordance with the principle of freedom of proportionate contract, there is a balance of position between the debtor and the creditor.

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