The new classification of the smut fungi, exemplified by Australasian taxa

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kálmán Vánky
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Classificatory System ◽  
New System

The 150 years old classificatory system for smut fungi was recently replaced by a new one, based on ultrastructural and molecular studies and also on classical morphological characters. The c. 1450 known ‘classical’ smut fungi (those possessing ustilospores) are classified into two classes, eight orders, 18 families and 73 genera. The surprising result in this new system is that the Microbotryales, with 93 species in eight genera, are more closely related to the rust fungi than to the remaining group of smut fungi. This is supported by biochemical, ultrastructural and molecular data. In the new system, some groups of fungi are lacking ustilospores (Microstromatales, Exobasidiales). Through convergent evolution, similar, complex spore ball structures, composed of spores and empty sterile cells, evolved from different ancestors as adaptation to parasitism on water plants (Doassansiopsiaceae and Doassansiaceae). The presence (or absence) of spore balls does not always reflect a close relationship as was previously thought: in the Doassansiaceae, characterised so far mainly by spore balls, Doassinga has single spores. Examples of Australasian taxa and their place in the new classification, presented are Doassansiopsis, Doassingaand Pseudotracya of the ‘Doassansia’ group, Mundkurella, Heterotolyposporium, Websdanea, Restiosporium and within the Microbotryales Microbotryum (Microbotryaceae), Fulvisporium and Bauerago (Ustilentylomataceae).

scholarly journals Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. O'Hara ◽  
Sabine Stöhr ◽  
Andrew F. Hugall ◽  
Ben Thuy ◽  
Alexander Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Classification ◽  
New Family ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The Family

A new classification of Ophiuroidea, considering family rank and above, is presented. The new family and superfamily taxa in O’Hara et al. (2017) were proposed to ensure a better readability of the new phylogeny but are unavailable under the provisions of the ICZN. Here, the morphological diagnoses to all 33 families and five superfamilies are provided. Ten new families, Ophiosphalmidae fam. nov., Ophiomusaidae fam. nov., Ophiocamacidae fam. nov., Ophiopteridae fam. nov., Clarkcomidae fam. nov., Ophiopezidae fam. nov., Ophiernidae fam. nov., Amphilimnidae fam. nov., Ophiothamnidae fam. nov. and Ophiopholidae fam. nov., are described. The family Ophiobyrsidae Matsumoto, 1915, not yet discovered in the previous publication, is added, based on new molecular data. A new phylogenetic reconstruction is presented. Definitions of difficult-to-apply morphological characters are given.

Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4615 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
ADRIANA ALVIZU ◽  
JOANA R. XAVIER ◽  
HANS TORE RAPP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
New Material ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Antarctic

A recent phylogenetic study revealed a close relationship between chiactine-bearing (family Achramorphidae, order Leucosolenida) and pugiole-bearing (order Baerida) calcaronean sponges as well as new putative taxa within Achramorphidae. In this study, we present a revision of chiactine-bearing sponges based on morphological re-examination of type material and recently collected specimens, in addition to new molecular data for the ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S. We provide re-descriptions for all known chiactine-bearing species, and further describe two new species from the Antarctic (Achramorpha antarctica sp. nov. and Megapogon schiaparellii sp. nov.) and two new species and a new genus from the Nordic Seas (Achramorpha ingolfi sp. nov. and Sarsinella karasikensis gen. nov. sp. nov.). The new phylogenetic reconstruction based on ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S confirms previous findings about the close relationship of some members of Baerida and the family Achramorphidae of the order Leucosolenida. However, new material and the addition of molecular data from the type species of both taxa would be required to formally propose changes at (sub-)ordinal levels within the classification of Calcaronean sponges. 

The phylogeny and new classification of the genus Onobrychis (Fabaceae-Hedysareae): evidence from molecular data

2016 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefe Amirahmadi ◽  
Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo ◽  
Akram Kaveh ◽  
Ali A. Maassoumi ◽  
Reza Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Classification

Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological variation point to taxonomic problems among four genera of parasitoid doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gebiola ◽  
Antonio P. Garonna ◽  
Umberto Bernardo ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Doryctinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) is a large and diverse subfamily of parasitic wasps that has received much attention recently, with new species and genera described and phylogenies based on morphological and/or molecular data that have improved higher-level classification and species delimitation. However, the status of several genera is still unresolved, if not controversial. Here we focus on two related groups of such genera, Dendrosoter Wesmael–Caenopachys Foerster and Ecphylus Foerster–Sycosoter Picard & Lichtenstein. We integrated morphological and molecular (COI and 28S–D2 genes) evidence to highlight, by phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and a posteriori morphological examination, previously overlooked variation, which is here illustrated and discussed. Monophyly of Dendrosoter and Caenopachys and the presence of synapomorphic morphological characters support synonymy of Caenopachys under Dendrosoter. Low genetic differentiation and high variability for putatively diagnostic morphological characters found in both C. hartigii (Ratzeburg) and C. caenopachoides (Ruschka) supports synonymy of D. caenopachoides under D. hartigii, syn. nov. Morphological and molecular evidence together also indicate independent generic status for Sycosoter, stat. rev., which is here resurrected. This work represents a further advancement in the framework of the ongoing effort to improve systematics and classification of the subfamily Doryctinae.

scholarly journals The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (Zingiberaceae): evidence from molecular data

2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kress ◽  
L. M. Prince ◽  
K. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Classification

The phylogeny of the Hydroporinae and classification of the genus Peschetius Guignot, 1942 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wolfe ◽  
Kelly Miller ◽  
Olof Biström
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe phylogeny of the Hydroporinae is investigated in a cladistic analysis emphasizing placement of the genus Peschetius Guignot, historically placed in the tribe Hydroporini. Sixty-nine adult and larval morphological characters were coded for 61 species of Hydroporinae representing eight of the nine tribes. Cladistic analysis of the data resulted in 396 most parsimonious cladograms (length = 176, CI = 46, RI = 80). The results indicate that the genus Peschetius is the sister group to the tribe Bidessini based mainly on an unambiguous character, the presence of a prominent internal spermathecal spine, and several other more ambiguous or homoplasious characters. The tribe Bidessini is expanded to include the genus Peschetius, and it is formally transferred from the tribe Hydroporini. Other results indicating interesting relationships of tribes and genera within Hydroporinae are also discussed. Results include; 1) a dramatically paraphyletic Hydroporini with Laccornellus Roughley and Wolfe, Canthyporus Zimmermann and Hydrocolus Roughley and Larson in basal positions within the phylogeny, 2) Hydrovatus Motschulsky and Queda Sharp resolved as sister groups and not closely related to Methlini van den Branden, 3) support for close relationship of Pachydrus Sharp (Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka) with Hyphydrini Sharp, 4) paraphyly of Hygrotus Stephens sensu lato with the relationship H. (Coelambus) Thomson + (Hygrotus sensus stricto + Hydrovatini)) suggesting recognition of Coelambus and Hygrotus as separate genera, 5) close relationship between the Australian genera of Hydroporini and Hyphydrini and 6) the nesting of Vatellini within a group of Hydroporini.

scholarly journals Proposal of a new system to classify possible damages in piles partially reinforced considering the results of low strain integrity tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1408-1427
Author(s):  
R. P. S. PASQUAL ◽  
A. C. M. KORMANN ◽  
T. F. DE SOUZA JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Fem Simulations ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
New System ◽  
Made In

Abstract Low strain integrity tests in piles are relatively cheap, of quick execution and nondestructive. Despite all these advantages, several variables are involved and the influence of external factors can complicate the interpretation of the results. Between them, the influence of the pile reinforcement can be high lighted. In piles partially reinforced, the difference in density and elastic modulus of the concrete in different parts of the pile and the influence of the process of introducing the reinforcement bars can induce some reflections in the test that can be confused with damage in the pile and, therefore, should be taken into account to analyze the tests results. In this research, the influence of the reinforcement embedded in the piles is analyzed using numerical (FEM) simulations and comparing them with tests made in the field. A new classification of possible damages is proposed based on the analysis of the reflections observed at the end of the reinforcement cage embedded in a pile partially reinforced.

scholarly journals Impatiens wuyiensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Fujian of Southeast China, based on morphological and molecular evidences

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Sheng Wang ◽  
Yi-Fei Lu ◽  
Yue-Liang Xu ◽  
Shui-Hu Jin ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Corolla Morphology

Abstract Background Southeast Asia, together with tropical Africa, Madagascar, South India and Sri Lanka, and the eastern Himalayas, are the five primary hotspots of species diversity of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). China is also rich in Impatiens species, especially in the limestone karsts or ‘Danxia’ landforms. With zygomorphic flowers and diverse corolla morphology and color, the species in Impatiens are well-known for their ornamental use, but they are also notorious in taxonomy. During the preparation of revision of Impatiens in Zhejiang and adjacent regions, an unknown species was collected from Mt. Wuyi in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Results Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS, chloroplast atpB-rbcL and trnL-F sequences, together with micromorphology of pollen grains and seed coats, strongly supported the close relationship of the new species with Impatiens platysepala Y.L.Chen and I. chloroxantha Y.L.Chen. In turn, both molecular data and morphological characters also were sufficient to distinguish the new species from the other two counterparts. Conclusions Our detailed morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Impatiens wuyiensis as a species new to science.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship and identification of Dioscorea polystachya cultivars accessed by ISAP and SCAR markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Peng ◽  
Yanmei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Sun ◽  
Mimi Li ◽  
Jiayu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A survey of intron sequence amplified polymorphism (ISAP) in conjunction with sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) was carried out to examine the genetic relationships among 14 Dioscorea polystachya cultivars and identify the most popular cultivar ?Tiegun?. Our results revealed that there is a high level of polymorphism among these cultivars. Furthermore, in this study, ISAP markers were consistent with the morphological characters of Dioscorea polystachya cultivars and previous hypotheses on the classification of these cultivars into 2 groups via leaf and tuber shapes have been confirmed. Based on morphological characters and molecular data, we show for the first time that D. doryphora might be a single species and another progenitor of these cultivars. An ISAP fragment specific to the ?Tiegun? cultivar was converted into a SCAR marker. This marker could be used to discriminate the ?Tiegun? cultivar from the other 13 cultivars. Overall, the results of our study provide the foundations for subsequent breeding programs or conservation actions.

Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Parra-O. ◽  
Michael J. Bayly ◽  
Andrew Drinnan ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Pauline Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

Phylogenetic relationships of sections and species within Corymbia (Myrtaceae), the bloodwood eucalypts, were evaluated by using combined analyses of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters. Combining morphological characters with molecular data provided resolution of relationships within Corymbia. The analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and recognition of the following two major clades, treated here as new subgenera: subgenus Corymbia, including informal sections recognised by Hill and Johnson (1995), namely Rufaria (red bloodwoods), Apteria and Fundoria; and subgenus Blakella, including sections Politaria (spotted gums), Cadagaria, Blakearia (paper-fruited bloodwoods or ghost gums) and Ochraria (yellow bloodwoods). Hill and Johnson’s section Rufaria is monophyletic if Apteria and Fundoria are included. It is evident that, among the red bloodwoods, series are not monophyletic and several morphological characters result from convergent evolution. There was strong morphological and molecular evidence that the three species of red bloodwoods that occur in south-western Western Australia (series Gummiferae: C. calophylla and C. haematoxylon, and series Ficifoliae: C. ficifolia) form a monophyletic group, separate from the eastern C. gummifera (series Gummiferae), which is probably sister to the clade of all other red bloodwoods. Phylogenetic results supported recognition of new taxonomic categories within Corymbia, and these are formalised here.

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