Species limits and taxonomic revision of the bracteate-prostrate group of southern hemisphere forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae), including description of three new species endemic to New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Meudt ◽  
Jessica M. Prebble
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Species Descriptions

A taxonomic revision of southern hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis L., Boraginaceae) is presented here. The group comprises mostly species endemic to New Zealand plus the South American Myosotis antarctica Hook.f. (also Campbell Island) and M. albiflora Hook.f. The statistical analyses of morphological data from herbarium specimens reported here support recognition of five main subgroups on the basis of habit. Excluding the M. pygmaea Colenso species group (M. antarctica, M. brevis de Lange & Barkla, M. drucei (L.B.Moore) de Lange & Barkla, M. glauca (G.Simpson & J.S.Thomson) de Lange & Barkla, and M. pygmaea), which is being treated elsewhere, 14 species are recognised in the following four remaining subgroups: (1) creeping-species group: M. matthewsii L.B.Moore, M. chaffeyorum Lehnebach, M. spatulata G.Forst., M. tenericaulis Petrie, and M. albiflora; (2) cushion-species group: M. uniflora Hook.f., M. pulvinaris Hook.f., and M. glabrescens L.B.Moore; (3) M. cheesemanii + M. colensoi species group: M. cheesemanii Petrie and M. colensoi J.F.Macbr.; and (4) M. lyallii species group: M. lyallii Hook.f. and new species M. retrorsa Meudt, Prebble & Hindmarsh-Walls. New species Myosotis umbrosa Meudt, Prebble & Thorsen and M. bryonoma Meudt, Prebble & Thorsen do not fit comfortably within these subgroups. Myosotis elderi L.B.Moore is treated as M. lyallii subsp. elderi (L.B.Moore) Meudt & Prebble. For each of the 14 species revised here, a key to species, descriptions, phenology, distributions, maps, illustrations, specimens examined and notes are provided. Some specimens examined do not fit within these species and require additional comparative studies, including with certain ebracteate-erect species, before taxonomic decisions can be made. Future research on these and other southern hemisphere Myosotis should incorporate the morphological data presented here, with additional genetic, cytological, pollen, and other data in an integrative systematic framework.

Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4623 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-484
Author(s):  
SABINE MELZER ◽  
ROD A. HITCHMOUGH ◽  
TRENT BELL ◽  
DAVID G. CHAPPLE ◽  
GEOFF B. PATTERSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Three New Species

New Zealand has a diverse skink fauna, comprising 45 described native species, and at least 15 undescribed taxa, within the single genus Oligosoma Girard, 1857. One of the earliest described, and best known, species is the speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum (Boulenger 1887). Despite a relatively stable taxonomic history for nearly 114 years, recent molecular work has indicated that O. infrapunctatum represents a species complex, comprising numerous genetically divergent, range restricted taxa. We completed the first stage of a taxonomic revision of O. infrapunctatum, conducting a morphological re-evaluation of existing voucher material, and newly collected specimens, and generated a molecular phylogeny for the species complex. This allowed us to distinguish six species: O. infrapunctatum, two species resurrected from synonymy (O. newmani, O. robinsoni), and three new species (O. salmo sp. nov., O. albornense sp. nov. O. auroraensis sp. nov.). The name bearing type population of O. infrapunctatum has not been located again for at least 130 years: it remains to be rediscovered and may already be extinct. Two of the six species here are considered ‘Nationally Critical’ (O. albornense sp. nov., O. salmo sp. nov.) under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, the others are Nationally Vulnerable (O. auroraensis sp. nov.) and At Risk—Relict (O. newmani, O. robinsoni). Further taxonomic work will be required to determine the taxonomy of other speckled skink genetic lineages in the South Island, particularly O. aff. infrapunctatum “cobble”, O. “Hokitika”, O. “Southern North Island” and O. “Westport”. 

Taxonomic revision of Sabicea subgenus Anisophyllae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) from Tropical Africa, with four new species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISE A. ZEMAGHO ◽  
SIGRID LIEDE-SCHUMANN ◽  
OLIVIER LACHENAUD ◽  
STEVEN DESSEIN ◽  
BONAVENTURE SONKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Descriptions

A taxonomic revision of Sabicea subgenus Anisophyllae (Rubiaceae), a group restricted to Central and East Africa, is presented here. This work, based on a study of herbarium specimens and field observations in Cameroon and Gabon, includes a survey of the morphological features of the group, a key to the species, descriptions of all the taxa, and IUCN conservation status assessments. Fifteen species are recognised, four of which are described as new (Sabicea mapiana, S. ndjoleensis, S. parmentierae, S. sciaphilantha), three former varieties are raised to species rank (S. crystallina, S. jacfelicis, S. tersifolia), and one species previously sunk into synonymy is restored (S. bequaertii). Two new infraspecific taxa are also described, Sabicea crystallina subsp. engongensis and S. sciaphilantha subsp. hirsuta. The group has its center of diversity in Gabon, where 10 of the 15 species occur, three of them being endemic to the country.

scholarly journals The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Recent Establishment

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals A molecular phylogeny of the Chinese Sinopoda spiders (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae): implications for taxonomy

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11775
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhong ◽  
Yang Zhu ◽  
Ingi Agnarsson ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Three New Species

Sinopoda spiders are a diverse group with limited dispersal ability. They are remarkably sympatric among related species, which often results in misidentification and incorrect matching of sexes. In order to understand the evolutionary relationships and revise the taxonomy problems in this genus, we offer the first molecular phylogeny of Sinopoda. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Sinopoda and its sister relationship with Spariolenus and reject the monophyly of the S. okinawana species group. We establish three new species groups based on both molecular and morphological data. Our phylogeny also illuminates some taxonomic issues and clarifies some species limits: (1) Supporting the newly revised matching of sexes in S. longiducta and S. yaanensis by Zhong et al. (2019). (2) The original description of S. campanacea was based on mismatched sexes. S. changde is proposed as a junior synonymy of S. campanacea, while the original female ‘S. campanacea’ is here described as a new species: S. papilionaceous Liu sp. nov. (3) The type series of S. serpentembolus contains mismatched sexes. The female is considered as S. campanacea, while we here report the correctly matched females of S. serpentembolus. (4) We describe one additional new species: S. wuyiensis Liu sp. nov. Our first molecular phylogeny of Sinopoda provides a tool for comparative analyses and a solid base for the future biodiversity and taxonomic work on the genus.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 (Diptera, Pipunculidae) in the Middle East

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Motamedinia ◽  
Jeffrey H. Skevington ◽  
Scott Kelso
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Species Descriptions

Species of the distinctive and cosmopolitan genus Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 in the Middle East are revised. Seven species are documented, and three new species, Dasydorylas dactylos sp. nov., D. forcipus sp. nov. and D. parazardouei sp. nov., are described, and one synonym, D. derafshani Motamedinia & Kehlmaier, 2017, syn. nov. is proposed, based on sequence information from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene and morphological parameters. Diagnoses, illustrations and distributional data are provided for all studied species. Descriptions of new species as well as an identification key to all known species in the Middle East are also provided.

A revision of the Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) dispar Kerremans species-group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4851 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-534
Author(s):  
SVATOPLUK BÍLÝ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Synonymy

The taxonomic revision of the Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) dispar Kerremans, 1898 species-group. Definition of the species-group and descriptions of three new species: Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) aethiopica sp. nov. (Ethiopia), A. (H.) caerulea sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and A. (H.) occidentalis sp. nov. (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo). New species are described, illustrated and compared with other species of the species-group. Anthaxia (H.) komareki Obenberger, 1931 is removed from the synonymy of A. (H.) pilifrons Kerremans, 1898 and it is treated as a separate species. New synonymy is suggested: A. (H.) dispar Kerremans, 1898 = A. (H.) hyperlasia Obenberger, 1928, syn. nov. All species are keyed and the questionable taxonomic position of A. (H.) vulpes Théry, 1930 is briefly discussed. 

Remarkable sexual dimorphism, rarity and cryptic species: a revision of the ‘aegrota species group’ of the Neotropical butterfly genus Caeruleuptychia with the description of three new species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakahara ◽  
Thamara Zacca ◽  
Blanca Huertas ◽  
Andrew F. E. Neild ◽  
Jason P. W. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

The ‘aegrota species group’ of the Neotropical nymphalid genus Caeruleuptychia Forster, 1964, in addition to three other superficially similar, enigmatic species in the genus, are revised. A lectotype is designated for Euptychia aegrota Butler, 1867, E. aetherialis Butler, 1877 stat. rev., E. helios Weymer, 1911 and E. pilata Butler, 1867, and C. aetherialis is resurrected from its synonymy with C. aegrota. Caeruleuptychia helios caelestissima Brévignon, 2010, syn. nov., and Magneuptychia keltoumae Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012, syn. nov. are both regarded as junior subjective synonyms of C. helios (Weymer, 1911), as a result of the discovery and first illustration of the female of this taxon. The female of C. aegrota is also described and illustrated for the first time, and three new species, C. trembathi Willmott, Nakahara, Hall & Neild, sp. nov., C. scripta Nakahara, Zacca & Huertas, sp. nov., and C. maryzenderae Lamas & Nakahara, sp. nov. are described and named. We analyze morphological and molecular data separately, in addition to combining morphological data with molecular data, to provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the taxa treated in this revision.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edrielly Carvalho de Santa ◽  
Thaynara L. Pacheco ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Three New Species

The gigas species group of the subgenus Canthidium (Neocanthidium) is defined and described. This species group is composed of three described species [C. gigas Balthasar, 1939, Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including intrusions into Cerrado, C. bokermanni (Martínez et al., 1964), Chaco and western Cerrado in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, and C. kelleri (Martínez et al., 1964), Brazilian Cerrado and neighbouring open areas] and three new species: Canthidium stofeli sp. nov. from the western and southern regions of the Brazilian Amazon, Canthidium feeri sp. nov. from French Guiana, and Canthidium ayri sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We present descriptions and redescriptions, illustrations, an identification key and comments on the distributions of the species of the gigas group.

Three new species and a new combination among Southern African Schoenus (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 401 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMMY LYNN ELLIOTT ◽  
A. MUTHAMA MUASYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
New Combination ◽  
African Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
African Clade

Schoenus is a morphologically complex, predominately austral genus. The taxonomy of the southern African clade of Schoenus has received recent attention with the transfer of 24 southern African species into Schoenus from Tetraria and Epischoenus in 2017. A taxonomic revision in early 2018 both revised the taxonomy of the Schoenus compar—Schoenus pictus and allies group, as well as described three new species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. In addition, seven new species were described in early 2019 as part of a revision of the Schoenus cuspidatus group. Here, we build on this recent taxonomic work by providing descriptions for three new species (Schoenus bracteosus, Schoenus comparoides and Schoenus triticoides). We also provide a new name at species rank for a taxon previously named as a variety of Tetraria sylvatica. We present detailed species descriptions, distribution maps and an updated identification key.

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