scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among young German adolescents, 2005 - 06

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Desai ◽  
Thomas Meyer ◽  
Michael Thamm ◽  
Osamah Hamouda ◽  
Viviane Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Strand Displacement Amplification ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence among 12–17-year-old adolescents in Germany was determined in the present study. Methods: A random age-stratified sample of 1815 urine specimens of boys and girls was selected from a population-based nationwide health survey conducted in 2003–06. Urine samples were pooled and tested for chlamydia using strand displacement amplification. Positive pools were individually retested. Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Associations between infection and socio-demographic factors (age, sex, place of residence), sexual activity (defined by oral contraceptive use or gynaecologist visits) and abdominal pain among females were examined in univariate analysis. Results: Sixteen samples (0.9% 95% CI: 0.5–1.3%), all from 15–17-yearolds, were positive for chlamydia. Prevalence increased with age to 2% (95% CI: 0.8–3.2%) among 17 year olds and was higher among girls than boys (1.8% v. 0.1%; P < 0.001). A total of 4.6% (95% CI: 1.4–7.7%) of sexually active girls aged 17 were infected and 5/7 of them had no regular abdominal pain. Of all girls with abdominal pains, 52% had visited gynaecologists. Prevalence of infection was higher among those with pains than those without (PR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3–11.0). Conclusions: This is the first nationwide study based on a representative sample of boys and girls to measure chlamydia prevalence among adolescents in Germany. Prevalence in Germany is consistent with other countries. Among sexually active females, prevalence was comparable to screening thresholds. As gynaecological visits were common among females, we recommend that gynaecologists should actively offer screening to sexually active females, which would strengthen the newly implemented screening for females under 25 years.

scholarly journals Typhoon Mangkhut Case Study: Household and Community Typhoon Preparedness in Hong Kong, a Densely Populated Urban City

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s45-s45
Author(s):  
Asta YT Man ◽  
Emily Ying Yang Chan ◽  
Holly CY Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:As a subtropical urbanized city in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong is prone to frequent typhoons. With an increasing number of severe typhoons, usual preparedness measures should be explored to assess their adequacy to safeguard health and wellbeing. Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) serves as an example of the successes and limitations of community preparedness for a severe typhoon.Aim:To explore how Hong Kong residents prepared for Typhoon Mangkhut and whether their usual preparedness measures provided enough protection.Methods:A population-based randomized telephone survey of Hong Kong residents (n=521) was conducted soon after Typhoon Mangkhut’s landing. Only residents aged 18 or above and understood Cantonese were included. Socio-demographic factors, types of typhoon and general preparedness, risk perception, and impacts from the typhoon were asked. Descriptive characteristics and univariate analysis were used to describe the patterns and associations.Results:8.6% of respondents felt their home was at high risk of danger during typhoons although 33.4% reported some form of impact from Mangkhut. Over 70% reported doing at least one typhoon specific preparedness measure. Among those who practiced at least one typhoon specific preparedness measure, 37.2% (p=0.002) were affected by the typhoon.Discussion:Despite the high adaptation of preparedness measures, warranted by the frequent typhoons, Hong Kong residents were not adequately prepared for a severe typhoon. While the early warning system and evacuation of flood-prone areas mitigated some of the impact, unexpected effects such as flying air conditioners, roadblocks affecting employment, swaying buildings, and loss of power supply were not accounted for. Future preparedness for natural disasters which will become more extreme due to climate change and needs to account for unforeseen risks.

scholarly journals Oral contraceptive use and risk of vulvodynia: a population-based longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (13) ◽  
pp. 1678-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Reed ◽  
SD Harlow ◽  
LJ Legocki ◽  
ME Helmuth ◽  
HK Haefner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

Obesity, diabetes, and other factors in relation to survival after endometrial cancer diagnosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Chia ◽  
P. A. Newcomb ◽  
A. Trentham-Dietz ◽  
J. M. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Endogenous and exogenous sources of estrogen and characteristics altering these hormone levels have been related to endometrial cancer risk; however, their relationship to survival following diagnosis is less clear. In a population-based study, we examined whether mortality after endometrial cancer diagnosis was affected by prediagnosis obesity, diabetes, smoking, oral contraceptive use, parity, or postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use. Eligible women, aged 40–79 years, diagnosed from 1991–1994 with incident invasive endometrial cancer and identified through the Wisconsin statewide mandatory cancer registry were invited to participate. Of 745 eligible cases, 166 women were deceased after 9.3 years of follow-up, with 43 attributable to endometrial cancer, based upon vital records linkage. Hazard rate ratios (HRR) and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for age at diagnosis, menopausal status, stage of disease, and other exposures of interest. Obese women (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) prior to endometrial cancer diagnosis had an increased risk of both all-cause (HRR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5) and endometrial cancer (HRR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.8–5.1) mortality, compared with nonoverweight women (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Endometrial cancer cases with diabetes also had an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with nondiabetic women (HRR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5), although there was no association with endometrial cancer mortality. There were no associations between PMH use, oral contraceptive use, parity, or smoking and mortality from any cause. The results suggest that history of obesity and diabetes may increase risk of mortality after endometrial cancer diagnosis; modification of these characteristics may improve survival after endometrial cancer diagnosis.

Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection and oral contraceptive use among adolescent girls

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Kim Oh ◽  
Ronald A. Feinstein ◽  
Earl J. Soileau ◽  
Gretchen A. Cloud ◽  
Robert F. Pass
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cervical Infection ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

scholarly journals How sex acts scale with the number of sex partners: evidence from Chlamydia trachomatis data and implications for control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L Althaus ◽  
Marc Choisy ◽  
Samuel Alizon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
The Impact

Mathematical models are frequently used to assess the impact of control interventions for Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Modeling approaches that stratify the population by the number of sex partners often assume the transmission risk per partner to be constant. However, sexual behavior data suggests that people with many partners share less sex acts per partner than people with fewer partners. This should lower the risk of transmission per partner for highly sexually active individuals and could have important epidemiological consequences for STI transmission. We devise a new epidemiological model that we fit to chlamydia prevalence data from Natsal-2 and CSF, two population-based probability sample surveys of sexual behavior in Britain and France. Compared to a standard model where the transmission risk per partner is constant, a model with realistic numbers of sex acts per partner provides a better fit to the data. Furthermore, the improved model provides evidence for strong assortative mixing among individuals with different numbers of sex partners. Our results suggest that all chlamydia infected individuals with one or more new heterosexual partners per year contribute significantly to ongoing transmission, underlining that control interventions should be aimed towards all sexually active young adults.

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