scholarly journals Nitrous oxide generation, denitrification, and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
A. J. Gold ◽  
P. M. Groffman ◽  
D. Q. Kellogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Catchments

Little is known about seepage wetlands, located within agricultural landscapes, with respect to removing nitrate (NO3−) from agricultural catchments, mainly through gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) via denitrification. These variables were quantified using a push–pull technique where we introduced a subsurface water plume spiked with 15N-enriched NO3− and 2 conservative tracers [bromide (Br−) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)] into each of 4 piezometers and extracted the plume from the same piezometers throughout a 48-h period. To minimise advective and dispersive flux, we placed each of these push–pull piezometers within a confined lysimeter (0.5 m diameter) installed around undisturbed wetland soil and vegetation. Although minimal dilution of the subsurface water plumes occurred, NO3−-N concentration dropped sharply in the first 4 h following dosing, such that NO3−-limiting conditions (<2 mg/L of NO3-N) for denitrification prevailed over the final 44 h of the experiment. Mean subsurface water NO3− removal rates during non-limiting conditions were 15.7 mg/L.day. Denitrification (based on the generation of isotopically enriched N2O plus N2) accounted for only 7% (1.1 mg/L.day) of the observed groundwater NO3− removal, suggesting that other transformation processes, such as plant uptake, were responsible for most of the NO3− removal. Although considerable increases in 15N-enriched N2O levels were initially observed following NO3− dosing, no net emissions were generated over the 48-h study. Our results suggest that this wetland may be a source of N2O emissions when NO3− concentrations are elevated (non-limited), but can readily remove N2O (function as a N2O sink) when NO3− levels are low. These results argue for the use of engineered bypass flow designs to regulate NO3− loading to wetland denitrification buffers during high flow events and thus enhance retention time and the potential for NO3−-limiting conditions and N2O removal. Although this type of management may reduce the full potential for wetland NO3− removal, it provides a balance between water quality goals and greenhouse gas emissions.

Emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian layer-hen manure storage with a mitigation strategy applied

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
B. Warren ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from manure management in the layer-hen industry. The present study aimed to quantify emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) from layer-hen manure stockpiles, and assess the use of an impermeable cover as an option to mitigate emissions. Gaseous emissions of N2O, CH4 and NH3 were measured using open-path FTIR spectroscopy and the emission strengths were inferred using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. Emission factors were calculated from the relationship between gaseous emissions and stockpile inputs over a 32-day measurement period. Total NH3 emissions were 5.97 ± 0.399 kg/t (control) and 0.732 ± 0.116 kg/t (mitigation), representing an 88% reduction due to mitigation. Total CH4 emissions from the mitigation stockpile were 0.0832 ± 0.0198 kg/t. Methane emissions from the control and N2O emissions (control and mitigation) were below detection. The mass of each stockpile was 27 820 kg (control) and 25 120 kg (mitigation), with a surface area of ~68 m2 and a volume of ~19 m3. Total manure nitrogen (N) and volatile solids (VS) were 25.2 and 25.8 kg/t N, and 139 and 106 kg/t VS for the control and mitigation stockpiles respectively. Emission factors for NH3 were 24% and 3% of total N for the control and mitigation respectively. Methane from the mitigation stockpile had a CH4 conversion factor of 0.3%. The stockpile cover was found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 74% compared with the control treatment, primarily via reduced NH3 and associated indirect N2O emissions.

scholarly journals Reducing nitrous oxide emissions from grazed winter forage crops

2012 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Van der Weerden ◽  
T.M. Styles
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Compacted Soil

Wintering cows on forage crops leads to urine being excreted onto wet, compacted soils. This is likely to result in significant gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), which may be reduced through strategic applications of nitrification inhibitors. A study was established on a winter swede crop to (i) determine N2O emissions from compacted soil treated with cattle urine, and (ii) quantify the effectiveness of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), in reducing these emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions from the urine + compacted soil were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than from compacted soil without urine, with 3.2% of the urine-N being lost as N2O. DCD application significantly reduced this loss (P < 0.05) to 0.8% of the applied urine-N. Expressed at a paddock scale, total N2O emissions from the winter-grazed swede crop were 7.9 kg N ha-1, which was reduced to 3.4 kg N ha-1 when DCD was applied. Keywords: urine, dicyandiamide, nitrification inhibitor, soil compaction, nitrous oxide.

N2O and N2 emissions from pasture and wetland soils with and without amendments of nitrate, lime and zeolite under laboratory condition

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
S. Saggar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Inhibition Technique

Pasture and wetland soils are regarded as the major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions as they receive regular inputs of N from various sources. To understand the factors affecting N2O and N2 emissions and their ratio as influenced by soil amendments (zeolite or lime), we conducted laboratory experiments using 10-L plastic containers at 25°C for 28 days. Soil samples (0–0.1 m soil depth) collected from pasture and adjacent wetland sites were treated with nitrate-N (NO3–) at 200 kg N/ha with and without added lime or zeolite. Nitrous oxide and N2 emissions were measured periodically from soil subsamples collected in 1-L gas jars using acetylene (C2H2) inhibition technique, and soil ammonium (NH4+) and NO3– concentrations were determined to assess the changes in N transformation. Soil NO3–-N disappeared relatively faster in wetland soil than that in pasture soil. In the presence of added NO3–, wetland soils emitted significantly more N2O and N2 than pasture soils, while the reverse trend was observed in the absence of NO3–. Total N2O emitted as percentage of the applied N was 25% for wetland and 5.7% for pasture soils. Total N2 emissions expressed as a percentage of the applied N from wetland and pasture soils were 5–9% and 0.29–0.74%, respectively. Higher N2O and N2 emissions and lower N2O : N2 ratios from wetland soils than pasture soils were probably due to the higher water content and greater availability of soluble C in wetland. Zeolite applied to wetland soils reduced N2O emissions but had little effect on N2O emissions from pasture soils. Liming appeared to exacerbate N2O emissions from fertilised lands and treatment wetlands and shift the balance between N2O and N2, and may be considered as one of the potential management tools to reduce the amount of fertiliser N moving from pasture and wetland into waterways.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on a Tropical Peat Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4928
Author(s):  
Alicia Vanessa Jeffary ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Latifah Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Natural State ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Peat Soils

Farming systems on peat soils are novel, considering the complexities of these organic soil. Since peat soils effectively capture greenhouse gases in their natural state, cultivating peat soils with annual or perennial crops such as pineapples necessitates the monitoring of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, especially from cultivated peat lands, due to a lack of data on N2O emissions. An on-farm experiment was carried out to determine the movement of N2O in pineapple production on peat soil. Additionally, the experiment was carried out to determine if the peat soil temperature and the N2O emissions were related. The chamber method was used to capture the N2O fluxes daily (for dry and wet seasons) after which gas chromatography was used to determine N2O followed by expressing the emission of this gas in t ha−1 yr−1. The movement of N2O horizontally (832 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the dry period was higher than in the wet period (599 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) because of C and N substrate in the peat soil, in addition to the fertilizer used in fertilizing the pineapple plants. The vertical movement of N2O (44 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) was higher in the dry season relative to N2O emission (38 t N2O ha−1 yr−1) during the wet season because of nitrification and denitrification of N fertilizer. The peat soil temperature did not affect the direction (horizontal and vertical) of the N2O emission, suggesting that these factors are not related. Therefore, it can be concluded that N2O movement in peat soils under pineapple cultivation on peat lands occurs horizontally and vertically, regardless of season, and there is a need to ensure minimum tilling of the cultivated peat soils to prevent them from being an N2O source instead of an N2O sink.

Estimating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for the Los Angeles Megacity using mountaintop remote sensing observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 112351
Author(s):  
Olivia Addington ◽  
Zhao-Cheng Zeng ◽  
Thomas Pongetti ◽  
Run-Lie Shia ◽  
Kevin R. Gurney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
N2o Emissions

scholarly journals Pineapple Residue Ash Reduces Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on Tropical Peat Soils at Saratok, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Nik Majid ◽  
Zakry Fitri Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Burning pineapple residues on peat soils before pineapple replanting raises concerns on hazards of peat fires. A study was conducted to determine whether ash produced from pineapple residues could be used to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cultivated tropical peatlands. The effects of pineapple residue ash fertilization on CO2 and N2O emissions from a peat soil grown with pineapple were determined using closed chamber method with the following treatments: (i) 25, 50, 70, and 100% of the suggested rate of pineapple residue ash + NPK fertilizer, (ii) NPK fertilizer, and (iii) peat soil only. Soils treated with pineapple residue ash (25%) decreased CO2 and N2O emissions relative to soils without ash due to adsorption of organic compounds, ammonium, and nitrate ions onto the charged surface of ash through hydrogen bonding. The ability of the ash to maintain higher soil pH during pineapple growth primarily contributed to low CO2 and N2O emissions. Co-application of pineapple residue ash and compound NPK fertilizer also improves soil ammonium and nitrate availability, and fruit quality of pineapples. Compound NPK fertilizers can be amended with pineapple residue ash to minimize CO2 and N2O emissions without reducing peat soil and pineapple productivity.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and oxygen availabilities control water column nitrous oxide production during seasonal anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 6127-6138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixing Ji ◽  
Claudia Frey ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Melanie Jackson ◽  
Yea-Shine Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Column ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and an ozone depletion agent. Estuaries that are subject to seasonal anoxia are generally regarded as N2O sources. However, insufficient understanding of the environmental controls on N2O production results in large uncertainty about the estuarine contribution to the global N2O budget. Incubation experiments with nitrogen stable isotope tracer were used to investigate the geochemical factors controlling N2O production from denitrification in the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North America. The highest potential rates of water column N2O production via denitrification (7.5±1.2 nmol-N L−1 h−1) were detected during summer anoxia, during which oxidized nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite) were absent from the water column. At the top of the anoxic layer, N2O production from denitrification was stimulated by addition of nitrate and nitrite. The relative contribution of nitrate and nitrite to N2O production was positively correlated with the ratio of nitrate to nitrite concentrations. Increased oxygen availability, up to 7 µmol L−1 oxygen, inhibited both N2O production and the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. In spring, high oxygen and low abundance of denitrifying microbes resulted in undetectable N2O production from denitrification. Thus, decreasing the nitrogen input into the Chesapeake Bay has two potential impacts on the N2O production: a lower availability of nitrogen substrates may mitigate short-term N2O emissions during summer anoxia; and, in the long-run (timescale of years), eutrophication will be alleviated and subsequent reoxygenation of the bay will further inhibit N2O production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document