scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

scholarly journals Humic acid and nitrogen dose application in corn crop under alkaline soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 657-663
Author(s):  
Kamran Azeem ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Arshad Jalal ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
N Concentration

ABSTRACT Humic acid (HA), as a bio-stimulant and a major component of organic matter (OM), can improve plant physiology, soil fertility, and nutrient availability, mainly in low OM soils. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients that affect several metabolic and biochemical activities, leading to improved plant development. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of HA and N doses on soil organic matter (SOM) and total N concentration, N uptake, corn growth, and grain yield under conventional tillage at Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were tested in a randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a factorial scheme 3 × 4 + 1. The respective doses of HA (1.5, 3,0 and 4.5 kg ha-1) were applied at the corn sowing, whereas N doses (80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha-1) were applied in three splits (1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the V5 stage, and remaining 1/3 at the tasselling stage) with one control (no HA and N). The application of HA, regardless of the applied doses, had positive effects on SOM, N concentration, N uptake, corn development, and grain yield. However, the application of 4.5 kg ha-1 of HA was the most effective in promoting SOM (0.83%) and total N (0.31%), shoot biomass (10610 kg ha-1), N uptake (1.13%), and grain yield (3780 kg ha-1), even when combined with the N doses of 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1. Increasing N doses positively influenced SOM, N concentration, N uptake, and corn growth. The greatest grain yield was obtained at 150 kg ha-1 of N regardless of HA applied doses.

scholarly journals Contribution of the cotton irrigation network to farm nitrous oxide emissions

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. T. Macdonald ◽  
A. Nadelko ◽  
Y. Chang ◽  
M. Glover ◽  
S. Warneke
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Irrigation Network

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and agriculture is the dominant source of N2O-N emissions. The Australian cotton industry requires high inputs of N to maintain high lint quality and yields; however, over-fertilisation with N is symptomatic of the industry. Up to 3.5% of N fertiliser applied is lost directly from cotton fields as N2O gas. Excess N may also be lost via erosion, deep-drainage, leaching and runoff, and may subsequently form indirect N2O emissions. The estimate by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that 0.0025kg N2O-N is produced indirectly from groundwater and surface drainage for each kg N lost via runoff and leaching, although this estimate carries a large degree of uncertainty. This study is the first to address the lack of indirect N2O emission data from irrigated cotton-farming systems. Indirect emissions were determined from total N concentrations in irrigation runoff by using the IPCC emission factor and from measurements of dissolved N2O during the first four irrigations (October–December 2013). Total indirect N2O emissions from the surface of the irrigation network over 3 months when estimated by the dissolved-N2O method were 0.503±0.339kgha–1. By contrast, N2O emissions estimated by the IPCC methodology were 0.843±0.022kgha–1 irrigation surface area. Over the same period of measurement, direct land-surface emissions were 1.44kgN2O-Nha–1 field. Despite relatively high emissions per surface area, the irrigation network is only a minor component of the total farm area, and indirect emissions from the irrigation system contribute ~2.4–4% of the total N2O emissions and <0.02% of the applied N fertiliser.

scholarly journals Analysis of N2O emissions and isotopomers to understand nitrogen cycling associated with multispecies grassland swards at a lysimeter scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Bracken ◽  
Gary Lanigan ◽  
Karl Richards ◽  
Saoirse Tracy ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Transformation Pathways ◽  
Grass Growth

&lt;p&gt;Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) is a potent greenhouse gas associated with nitrogen fertiliser inputs to agricultural production systems. Minimising N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions is important to improving the efficiency and sustainability of grassland agriculture. Multispecies grassland swards composed of plants from different functional groups (grasses, legumes, herbs) have been considered as a management strategy to achieve this goal. Numerous soil nitrogen transformation pathways can lead to the production of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. These transformation pathways are regulated by soil microbial communities and the environmental conditions and management practices that impact on them. Much research has been carried out on N cycling and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from predominantly grass monoculture systems. However, there is a lot yet to understand about how agricultural grasslands with diverse plant communities influence soil N cycling and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. A lysimeter experiment was set up as a completely randomised block design and carried out over a full year to investigate N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production, and nitrogen cycling associated with four sward types. The swards four swards were: perennial ryegrass (PRG, Lolium perenne); PRG and low white clover (PRG + LWC, Trifolium repens); PRG and high white clover (PRG + HWC); PRG, WC and ribwort plantain (PRG + WC + PLAN, Plantago lanceolata) managed at 250, 90, 0, and 45 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Fertiliser N was applied by syringe as urea in splits at suitable timings to meet grass growth demands. N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes were measured using a static chamber technique and additional samples were taken after the final flux sample to measure the associated N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O isotopomers using a novel Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy technique. Leachate volumes were measured on a weekly basis and composite monthly samples were used to determine the total amount of N leached from each treatment over the full year. Herbage was harvested on a monthly basis to measure DM yield (kg DM ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), total N (%) and N yield (kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;).This work reports on the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and N leaching associated with the four sward treatments and related these N losses to the treatments DM yields and N uptake as an estimation of the efficiency of these differing grassland management strategies. N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O isotopomer measurements were used to indicate N transformation pathways driving N loss over the growing season particularly around periods of peak N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Management for Better Nutrition of Lowland Rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

Some experiments were conducted in field conditions at Rampur, Nepal between 2001 and 2003 to assess the potential of wheat straw management with grain and green manure legumes in the lowland areas on soil N dynamics, crop yields and systems’ N balances. Two levels of wheat straw incorporation (0 and 2 Mg ha-1) with four types of land management (bare fallow control, mucuna, mungbean and maize) treatments were randomly allotted in the 10 m2 plots in the fields. When the land was left bare during the transition season, Nmin was initially building up of 50-80 kg of nitrate-N and subsequently lost by nitrate leaching and denitrification, resulting in low N uptake of rice. The application of wheat straw during DWT significantly reduced soil Nmin at the same rate as soil microbial biomass-N increased and resulted in <1 kg ha-1 of nitrate leaching and minimal nitrous oxide emissions from the soil. Growing cover crops during transition period reduced leaching losses by half and nitrous oxide emissions by two thirds of those in the bare fallow control, and BNF-N additions by legumes ranged from 27 to 56 kg ha-1. Depending on the type of legume, this resulted in increased crop N uptake and grain yield. The lower N benefits were associated with the grain legume because about 50% of the N assimilation was removed by grain harvest, while the high benefits were obtained with green manures. When DWT is sufficiently long, the cultivation of legumes appears economically and ecologically beneficial and should be encouraged. Combinations of straw amendment and green manure use during DWT provide the largest benefits in terms of grain yield, and N balance with possible long-term benefits for system’s productivity. Key words: Soil, nutrient management, lowland rice J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:139-147 (2006)

Does 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate or N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide reduce nitrous oxide emissions from a rain-fed cropping system?

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangdi D. Li ◽  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Hongtao Xing ◽  
Adam J. Lowrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Eastern Australia

Nitrification and urease inhibitors have been used to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and increase nitrogen use efficiency in many agricultural systems. However, their agronomic benefits, such as the improvement of grain yield, is uncertain. A two-year field experiment was conducted to (1) investigate whether the use of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) can reduce N2O emissions and increase grain yield and (2) explore the financial benefit of using DMPP or NBPT in a rain-fed cropping system in south-eastern Australia. The experiment was conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2012 and canola (Brassica napus L.) in 2013. Results showed that urea coated with DMPP reduced the cumulative N2O emission by 34% for a wheat crop in 2012 (P < 0.05) and by 62% for a canola crop in 2013 (P < 0.05) compared with normal urea, but urea coated NBPT had no effect on N2O emission for the wheat crop in 2012. Neither nitrification nor urease inhibitors increased crop yields because the low rainfall experienced led to little potential for gross N loss through denitrification, leaching or volatilisation pathways. In such dry years, only government or other financial incentives for N2O mitigation would make the use of DMPP with applied N economically viable.

scholarly journals Management of Native Soil Nitrogen for Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Higher Rice Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav R. Pandey ◽  
S. C. Shah ◽  
M. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Bare Fallow

Present production of rice is far below its reported potential yield because of being Ndeficiency, the major constraint. Because of poverty, small farmers have to rely on native soil N-supply. Between wheat harvest and rice transplanting, a dry-to-wet season transition (DWT) period exist with changing soil moisture from aerobic to anaerobic and a large amount of native soil N loss is hypothesized. To study soil N dynamism and possible management options for DWT, two years field experiments were conducted in Chitwan with four land management treatments like bare fallow, mucuna, mungbean and maize. Treatments were randomly allotted in 10 m<sup>2</sup> plots. During DWT, building up of 50-75 kg of nitrate-N was observed at 60-75 % field capacity (FC) soil moisture but lost after flooding through leaching and denitrification, resulting in low grain yield and N uptake of succeeding rice. Growing cover crops during DWT, reduced leaching loss by half and N2O emissions by two thirds of those in the bare fallows. Atmospheric-N addition by legumes ranged from 27 to 56 kg ha-1 depending on the types of legumes and increased N uptake and grain yield by 24-42 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 1.2-2.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1respectively. Thus, cultivation of grain/green manure legumes appears economically and ecologically beneficial.Key Words: bare fallow, crop N uptake, denitrification, green manure, leaching, nitrate catch crops, nitrificationThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:9, Jun.2008  Page: 1-9

scholarly journals Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Saif-ur-Rahman ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractAn important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4+ to NO3ˉ1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission. However, there is little information from semi-arid environments such as in Pakistan where conditions favor N2O emissions. Therefore, the object was to conduct field experiment to determine the impact of biochar rates in the presence or absence of urea amended soils on yield-scaled N2O emissions, and wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), had a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments: control, sole urea (150 kg N ha−1), 5 Mg biochar ha−1 (B5), 10 Mg biochar ha−1 (B10), urea + B5 or urea + B10. In urea amended soils with B5 or B10 treatments, biochar reduced total N2O emissions by 27 and 35%, respectively, over the sole urea treatment. Urea + B5 or + B10 treatments had 34 and 46% lower levels, respectively, of yield scaled N2O over the sole urea treatment. The B5 and B10 treatments had 24–38%, 9–13%, 12–27% and 35–43%, respectively greater wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, total N uptake, and NUE, over sole urea. The biochar treatments increased the retention of NH4+ which likely was an important mechanism for reducing N2O by limiting nitrification. These results indicate that amending soils with biochar has potential to mitigate N2O emissions in a semi-arid and at the same time increase wheat productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Broccoli Residue and Wheat Straw Addition on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Silt Loam Soil

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Rajan Budhathoki ◽  
Dinesh Panday ◽  
Perik Seiz ◽  
Reiner Ruser ◽  
Torsten Müller
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main greenhouse gases and its emissions from vegetable production systems have brought a sustainability challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of reducing N2O emissions from silt loam soil by mixing nitrogen (N)-rich broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) residue with wheat straw or water-washed wheat straw. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with five treatments; unamended or control (BS), wheat straw (+S), broccoli residue (+CR), broccoli residue and wheat straw (+CR+S) and broccoli residue and washed wheat straw (+CR+Sw) and was replicated four times. The +CR and +S were added at the rate of 3.5 kg and 2.0 kg fresh matter m−2 and their mixtures, +CR+S and +CR+Sw, were incorporated in 3.5 kg of silt loam soil at 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS) and packed in soil microcosms. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured once a day during the 14-day of study period. Daily fluxes of N2O were found to be reduced on +CR+W and +CR+Sw when compared to single-amended +CR treatment. Similarly, N2O fluxes on +CR+Sw (2772 µg N m−2 h−1) were significantly lower than +CR+S (3606 µg N m−2 h−1) soon after the amendment but did not vary significantly thereafter. Moreover, the amendment mixture, +CR+S and +Cr+Sw, resulted in lower net N2O emissions by 73.3% and 74.2%, respectively, relative to +CR treatment. While the results clearly suggest that the +CR+S or +CR+Sw reduced N2O emissions, it necessitated further studies, possibly by increasing the frequency of sampling to clarify if washed wheat straw would further mitigate N2O emissions from the vegetable production system.

scholarly journals Impacts of green manure on crop yield, nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in sandy and clay soil lysimeters

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Regina ◽  
Hannu Känkänen ◽  
Pooja Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Soil Lysimeters

We compared wheat yield, losses of nitrogen (N) in leaching, and gaseous losses as nitrous oxide (N2O) in silt and sand soil lysimeters. The studied cultivation systems were based on mineral fertilizer or mineral fertilizer together with clover green manure mulched at three different time points (August, October or May) before sowing of the main crop (either winter or spring wheat). Replacing 50–60% of mineral fertilizer N with green manure from a mixture of three clover species did not compromise the crop yield of winter or spring wheat. The results suggest that mulching of the green manure in the spring succeeding its sowing is the most beneficial practice with respect to environmental impacts. Total N leaching was higher from sandy soil than from silt loam whereas emissions of N2O were higher from the silt soil. Residual N from the clover biomass did not lead to an increase in leaching losses of N during the growing season or one year from the harvest. However, the residual N can be a source of high N2O emissions during the winter period in boreal climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizers on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Transplanted Aman Rice (Binadhan-7) Grown in Two Soils of North-West Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
MM Ali ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MR Khan ◽  
MK Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Piedmont Plain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
North West ◽  
Budget Analysis

Four field experiments were carried out with Binadhan 7 at Birgonj, Dinajpur; Debigonj, Panchagarh; Kaligonj, Lalmonirhat and Pirgonj, Rangpur during T.aman (kharif II) season of 2011 in the Old Himalalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ 1) and Tista Meander Floodplain Soils of North-West Bangladesh. The experiments were designed with eight treatments and laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment combinations were: T1 (100%STB), T2 (T1 + 25% N), T3 (T1 + 25% NP), T4 (T1 + 25% NK), T5 (T1 + 25% PK), T6 (T1 + 25% NPK), T7 (75% of T1) and T8 (Control). Results indicated that application of different fertilizers significantly affected the grain yield at all of the four locations. The highest grain yield was found in treatment T6 (T1 + 25% NPK). Statistically identical yield was observed in treatments T3, T4 and T5 at Dinajpur; T3 at Panchagar; T2, T3, and T4 at Lalmonirhat and T2 at Rangpur. All the treatment combinations gave significantly higher grain yield over the control at all of the locations. The highest straw yield was found in treatment T6 (T1 + 25% NPK). Statistically identical straw yield was found in T3 and T4 at Dinajpur; T1, T4 and T5 at Panchagar; T2, T4, T5 and T7 Lalmonirhat and all treatments except T7 and T8 at Rangpur. Significantly the lowest yield was obtained in the control treatment (T8) in all of the locations. The highest total N uptake was observed in treatment T6 at all of the four locations. For total P uptake, the similar trend of total N uptake was observed for all the locations. Treatment T6 showed the highest uptake of total K at all locations. The highest uptake of total S was observed in treatment T6 at Dinajpur, Panchagarh and Lalmonirhat. But the highest uptake of total S was observed in treatment T3 at Rangpur. However, the lowest total N, P, K and S uptake was observed in control treatment (T8) at all locations. The partial budget analysis of T.aman rice demonstrated the highest net benefit of tkha-1 85,598/-, 78,619/-, 58,308/- and 72,532/- in T6 treatment followed by tkha-1 76,348/- in T4 treatment, 71,100/- in T3 treatment, 54,192/- in T3 treatment and 68,247/- in T2 treatment where the highest MBCR of 5.40, 3.75, 2.20 and 3.84 was also observed in T6 treatment at Dinajpur, Panchagarh, Lalmonirhat and Rangpur, respectively. Based on most profitable treatments, fertilizer doses of N80P8K40S8Zn1 in Birgonj, Dinajpur; N84P8K40S6Zn1 in Debigonj, Panchagarh; N80P8K40S6Zn1 in Kaligonj, Lalmonirhat and N81P8K35S8Zn1 in Pirgonj, Rangpur could be recommended for higher yield of Binadhan-7 rice in North-West Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22106 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 115-120 2013

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