Evaluation of sustainability of mixed food crop fields by monitoring particulate organic matter (POM) status and nutrient concentrations

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie-Stella Koutika ◽  
Martin Yemefack ◽  
Daniel Folefoc
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
C And N ◽  
Sub Saharan

Particulate organic matter (POM) status is a useful indicator to assess labile soil organic matter (SOM) and to evaluate soil fertility under different agricultural systems, mainly in low-input agriculture as practiced in most of the sub-Saharan region of Africa. Total POM (53–4000 µm), different sized POM fraction characteristics (mass, C and N contents), and nutrient concentrations of soils were evaluated under 2 mixed food crop field types: a preceding forest fallow (forest) and a preceding fallow dominated by Chromolaena odorata (King & Robinson) (Chromolaena spp.) in the 0–0.10 m horizon of Rhodic Kandiudult, Typic Kandiudult, and Typic Kandiudox soils. The mass and C and N contents of total POM were higher in the Typic Kandiudox than in the Typic Kandiudult, while the Rhodic Kandiudult was intermediate. The pH was lower in the Typic Kandiudox (4.67). Forest had higher pH, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, and effective cation exchange capacity, while Chromolaena had higher C content in medium (2000–250 µm) and fine (250–53 µm) POM fractions and higher N content in coarse POM (4000–2000 µm). Considering nutrient concentrations, forest appears to be more suitable for a mixed-crop field-crop system than Chromolaena; however, the opposite was found when considering POM status.

Effect of intensification on feed management of dairy cows in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Romney ◽  
C. Utiger ◽  
R. Kaitho ◽  
P. Thorne ◽  
A. Wokabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Livestock Systems

In sub-Saharan Africa mixed crop-livestock systems predominate in the semi-arid, sub-humid and cool highland zones. In these areas, systems intensify and crops and livestock become increasingly integrated as the human population increases and land becomes a more important constraint than labour (Boserup, 1965; McIntireet al., 1992). As intensification progresses, use of crop residues moves from open access to crop fields, following harvest, to labour intensive management of cereals as dual-purpose crops.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of carbon and nutrients from two contrasting tropical floodplain systems in the Zambezi River basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 7535-7547 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Zuijdgeest ◽  
R. Zurbrügg ◽  
N. Blank ◽  
R. Fulcri ◽  
D. B. Senn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Zambezi River Basin ◽  
Zambezi River

Abstract. Floodplains are important biogeochemical reactors during fluvial transport of carbon and nutrient species towards the oceans. In the tropics and subtropics, pronounced rainfall seasonality results in highly dynamic floodplain biogeochemistry. The massive construction of dams, however, has significantly altered the hydrography and chemical characteristics of many (sub)tropical rivers. In this study, we compare organic-matter and nutrient biogeochemistry of two large, contrasting floodplains in the Zambezi River basin in southern Africa: the Barotse Plains and the Kafue Flats. Both systems are of comparable size but differ in anthropogenic influence: while the Barotse Plains are still in large parts pristine, the Kafue Flats are bordered by two hydropower dams. The two systems exhibit different flooding dynamics, with a larger contribution of floodplain-derived water in the Kafue Flats and a stronger peak flow in the Barotse Plains. Distinct seasonal differences have been observed in carbon and nutrient concentrations, loads, and export and retention behavior in both systems. The simultaneous retention of particulate carbon and nitrogen and the net export of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen suggested that degradation of particulate organic matter was the dominant process influencing the river biogeochemistry during the wet season in the Barotse Plains and during the dry season in the Kafue Flats. Reverse trends during the dry season indicated that primary production was important in the Barotse Plains, whereas the Kafue Flats seemed to have both primary production and respiration occurring during the wet season, potentially occurring spatially separated in the main channel and on the floodplain. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios of particulate organic matter showed that soil-derived material was dominant year-round in the Barotse Plains, whereas the Kafue Flats transported particulate organic matter that had been produced in the upstream reservoir during the wet season. Stable carbon isotopes suggested that inputs from the inundated floodplain to the particulate organic-matter pool were important during the wet season, whereas permanent vegetation contributed to the material transported during the dry season. This study revealed effects of dam construction on organic-matter and nutrient dynamics on the downstream floodplain that only become visible after longer periods, and it highlights how floodplains act as large biogeochemical reactors that can behave distinctly differently from the entire catchment.

scholarly journals Comparison of C and N stable isotope ratios between surface particulate organic matter and microphytoplankton in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean)

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1911-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Harmelin-Vivien ◽  
Véronique Loizeau ◽  
Capucine Mellon ◽  
Beatriz Beker ◽  
Denise Arlhac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
C And N

Characterization of particulate organic matter cycling during a summer North Atlantic phytoplankton bloom using amino acid C and N stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 103670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.M. Sabadel ◽  
N. Van Oostende ◽  
B.B. Ward ◽  
E.M. S.Woodward ◽  
R. Van Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Organic Matter Cycling ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals FOLIAR CONTENTS IN BABYCORN AND CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF AN OXISOL UNDER APPLICATION OF SWINE WASTEWATER

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-582
Author(s):  
Adriana Maria Meneghetti ◽  
Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega ◽  
Silvio Cesar Sampaio ◽  
Rafael Gil Ferques
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Attributes

This objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of swine wastewater (ARS), applied alone and in combination with nitrogen fertilizer (AD), on foliar concentrations of macronutrients (Ntotal, P, K, Ca, Mg and S ) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe), as well as chemical attributes of an Oxisol (pH, potential acidity (H+Al +3), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) on the cultivation of baby corn. For this purpose an experiment was conducted at the State University of Western Parana in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications, consisting of a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with the application of four swine manure wastewater doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 of N) prior to sowing and two levels of AD (0 and 40 kg ha-1 ) as urea at sowing and in coverage. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-60 cm during three periods: before sowing and application of the ARS, at the middle and at the end of the cycle. The results were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability, and they indicated that the application of ARS combined with AD resulted in increases to the soil chemical properties: H+Al +3, CTC, V, P, K, Ca and Mg, decreases in pH, organic matter and PST, and consistent values for RAS. For the foliar nutrient concentrations there was an increase in fertilization using wastewater from swine manure which resulted in significant differences for foliar concentrations of N and P in babycorn; it also promoted lower levels than adequate for N and K, and appropriate levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Concentrations of ARS should be less than 345 m3 ha-1 when applied alone, or when combined with AD should be less than 120 kg ha-1 of N, since systematic use elevated levels of plant nutrients (P, Ca, Mg and S), suggesting their accumulation.

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gajda ◽  
B. Przewłoka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Labile Fraction ◽  
C And N

Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensityThe effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals An 11,000-year record of depositional environmental change based upon particulate organic matter and stable isotopes (C and N) in a lake sediment in southeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Lima Lorente ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda ◽  
Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe ◽  
Antonio Alvaro Buso Junior ◽  
Dilce de Fátima Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
C And N

Krasnozems - organic-matter

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
C And N ◽  
Natural Isotopes

Virgin krasnozems contain about 6% C from 0-15 cm and, while the C content is less at depth, the total C reserves may exceed 200 t ha(-1) to about Im depth. Highest organic matter contents occur where the annual rainfall is 1500 � 200 mm. At higher rainfalls, the C contents are less. There is a negative correlation between organic C and N content and mean annual temperature. Krasnozems contain more C than other soils in the same climate and are comparatively more fertile. Correlations of C contents with clay contents are confounded by the contents of free iron oxides. While data are fragmented, it is evident that the clearing of rainforests and replacement by pastures or other agricultural and horticultural pursuits have led to losses of up to 50% of the organic C over several decades. A simple model illustrates that this is caused by lower inputs of C to the soil in most situations except perhaps long term productive pastures where inputs may be greater than under rainforests. Studies using natural isotopes of C have shown the persistence of some C in krasnozems for hundreds of years. Some of this is particulate organic matter occluded in aggregates but most of it appears to be associated with clays, particularly at depth. The chemistry of organic matter in krasnozems appears similar to that of other soils, although solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance has shown more aliphatic materials in krasnozems than other soils, but the reason for this is not clear. There is little information on biota in krasnozems. The deep well structured soils are a good habitat for organisms and their high fertility guarantees a good supply of substrate for fauna and flora. It is important to maintain the organic matter contents of krasnozems to maintain cation exchange capacity, mineralization of N and other elements, to decrease phosphate sorption and to stabilize larger aggregates and thus macro porosity.

Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
David F. Herridge ◽  
Dil F. Khan ◽  
Mark B. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pulse Crop
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