scholarly journals Soil biochemical activities after the application of pyroligneous acid to soil

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cardelli ◽  
Michelangelo Becagli ◽  
Fausto Marchini ◽  
Alessandro Saviozzi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pyroligneous Acid

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is produced during the combustion of woody biomass and is a complex aqueous fraction resulting from the thermochemical rupture of the components of vegetable biomass. We evaluated the effect of PA on the soil microbial community and activity in order to assess the applicability of this acid in soil and to gather further information on the mechanisms of its toxicity or stimulation. Five concentrations of PA solution (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5%) were selected to monitor the biochemical parameters of the soil. The respirometric test showed that the increase in the evolved carbon dioxide-carbon (C) was not due to a release of the native organic C from the soil, but only from the organic compounds of PA. The highest values of microbial biomass content were found in the soil treated with the lowest PA doses, but decreased with increased doses. At higher application doses (2 and 5%), there was a decrease in most enzymatic activities and a loss of soil quality. When PA was applied in doses of up to 1%, our results indicated no negative effects on soil biology and that there was even an improvement.

Short-term effects on soil of biogas digestate, biochar and their combinations

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cardelli ◽  
Gabriele Giussani ◽  
Fausto Marchini ◽  
Alessandro Saviozzi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial

The use of the residual material from waste aerobic digestion and biochar as amendments is currently discussed in the literature concerning the positive and negative effects on soil quality. We assessed the suitability of digestate (D) from biogas production and green biochar (B) to improve soil biological activity and antioxidant capacity and investigated whether there is an interaction between digestate and biochar applied to soil in combination. In a short-term (100-days) laboratory incubation, we monitored soil chemical and biological parameters. We compared soil amendments with 1% D (D1), 5% D (D5), 1% B (B), digestate–biochar combinations (D1+B and D5+B), and soil with no amendment. In D5, CO2 production, antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and dehydrogenase activity (DH-ase) and the contents of microbial biomass C, DOC and alkali-soluble phenols increased to the highest level. The biochar increased the total organic C (TOC) and TEAC of soil but decreased DOC, CO2 production, microbial biomass C, and DH-ase. The addition of biochar to digestate reduced soluble compounds (DOC and phenols), thus limiting the amount and activity of the soil microbial biomass (CO2 production and DH-ase). After 100 days of incubation D5+B showed the highest TOC content (82.8% of the initial amount). Both applied alone and in combination with digestate, the biochar appears to enrich the soil C sink by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Short-term effects of simulated below-ground carbon dioxide leakage on a soil microbial community

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fernández-Montiel ◽  
M. Touceda ◽  
A. Pedescoll ◽  
R. Gabilondo ◽  
A. Prieto-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Leakage ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Negative Effects of Sample Pooling on PCR-Based Estimates of Soil Microbial Richness and Community Structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2086-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Manter ◽  
Tiffany L. Weir ◽  
Jorge M. Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sample Pooling ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the effect of various pooling strategies on the characterization of soil microbial community composition and phylotype richness estimates. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) profiles were determined from soil samples that were (i) unpooled (extracted and amplified individually), (ii) pooled prior to PCR amplification, or (iii) pooled prior to DNA extraction. Regression analyses suggest that the less even the soil microbial community (i.e., low Shannon equitability, EH ), the greater was the impact of either pooling strategy on microbial detection (R 2 = 0.766). For example, at a tropical rainforest site, which had the most uneven fungal (EH of 0.597) and bacterial communities (EH of 0.822), the unpooled procedure detected an additional 67 fungal and 115 bacterial phylotypes relative to either of the pooled procedures. Phylotype rarity, resulting in missed detection upon pooling, differed between the fungal and bacterial communities. Fungi were typified by locally abundant but spatially rare phylotypes, and the bacteria were typified by locally rare but spatially ubiquitous phylotypes. As a result, pooling differentially influenced plot comparisons, leading to an increase in similarity for the bacterial community and a decrease in the fungal community. In conclusion, although pooling reduces sample numbers and variability, it could mask a significant portion of the detectable microbial community, particularly for fungi due to their higher spatial heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Influence of Thorny Bamboo Plantations on Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in Subtropical Badland Soils

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang ◽  
Tian ◽  
Shiau ◽  
Chen ◽  
Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bamboo Plantation ◽  
Bare Land

Vegetation in southeastern Taiwan plays an important role in rehabilitating badland soils (high silt and clay content) and maintaining the soil microbial community. The establishment of thorny bamboo (Bambusa stenostachya Hackel) may have had a profound impact on the abundance and community structure of soil microorganisms. However, little is known regarding the influence of bamboo on soil biota in the badland ecosystem. The present study was conducted at three badland sites in southwestern Taiwan and focused on the measurement of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) together with soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) contents, enzyme activities, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assessments. The abundances of whole soil microbes as well as bacterial and fungal groups—as evident by PLFA, Cmic and Nmic contents—were much higher in the bamboo plantation soils than the bare land soils. The increased soil organic matter in bamboo plantations relative to the control largely explained the enhancement, the abundance and diversity in the soil microbial community. Principal component analysis of individual PLFA peaks separated the bamboo plantation soil from the non-plantation bare land soil. DGGE analysis also revealed a difference in both bacterial and fungal community structures between soil types. Redundancy analysis of PLFA peak abundance and soil properties indicated that microbial community structure was positively correlated with soil organic C and total N and negatively correlated with pH. This differentiation could be attributed to bamboo in suitable habitats providing an essential nutrient source for soil microbes. The pH reduction in these alkaline soils also contributed to the increase in the size of the microbial community in bamboo-regenerated soils. Together, the results of this study indicate that bamboo plantations are beneficial for soil microbial activities and soil quality in badland areas.

Soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, and carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in 25-year-old Pinus radiata agroforestry regimes

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saggar ◽  
C. B. Hedley ◽  
G. J. Salt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Metabolic Quotient ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

To understand the effects of agroforestry on soil biological processes we assessed the conditions in Pinus radiata plantations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 stems/ha after 25 years of growth, and in a grassland. Agroforestry resulted in a 15–25% decline in soil organic C and N compared with grassland, and had a significant negative influence on soil microbial biomass. There was less microbial C and N in soils under 50–400 stems/ha of P. radiata than in soils under grassland (0 stems/ha). Soil carbon decomposition and microbial activity were measured by trapping the carbon dioxide produced by incubating soils over a 60-week period. The results showed that soil C decomposition rates were ~1.5 times as much (c. 15 mg CO2-C/kg soil) in soil from grassland as in that from plots with 50 or100 stems/ha (c. 10 mg CO2-C/kg soil), and were further reduced to one half (c. 5.5 mg CO2-C/kg soil) in the plots with 200 or 400 stems/ha. The soils under P. radiata gave off less carbon dioxide per unit of biomass (the metabolic quotient) than soils under grassland. These shifts in microbial biomass and its metabolic quotients appear to be associated with differences in the quantity and ‘quality’ of inputs and soil organic matter decomposition rates, and to reflect the land use change from grassland to forest. Given the general ability of soil microbial biomass to recolonise depopulated areas after tree harvest, we see no problem in restoring populations of these soil organisms vital in controlling nutrient cycling after tree felling, provided adequate adjustments to soil pH are made.

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