Effects of lime on the growth and nodulation of four grain legumes.

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Jessop ◽  
J Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Using an acid sand with differing proportions of added ground limestone, a range of soil pH levels was achieved from 5.4 to 9.2. Four winter grain legumes (field peas, faba beans, lupins and chickpeas) were grown for 8 weeks before being sampled for nodulation, dry matter and nitrogen production. Chickpeas appeared the least affected by the range of soil pH values and calcium levels in terms of root and shoot growth; all the legumes produced the greatest number of root nodules at pH 7 or 8. Top dry weight production in lupins was maximized at pH 6, and declined rapidly above pH 7; field peas, chickpeas and faba beans all showed maximum above-ground dry weights between pH 7 and 8.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Short Interval Flooding Events on Root and Shoot Growth of Four Landscape Shrub Taxa

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Kathryne J. Jernigan ◽  
Amy N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Research was conducted to screen four landscape shrub taxa for tolerance to repeated flooding events. Plants of Fothergilla × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’ (dwarf witchalder), Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ (summersweet), and Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ (possumhaw) were flooded repeatedly over six weeks for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 days with a draining period of 6 days between each flooding event. The experiment was repeated for a total of two runs. With the exception of F. × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa showed good visual quality and no reduction in root growth in either run, and effects on shoot growth were minimal. Size index of Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ was 27% higher in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days than in plants flooded for 6 days in run 1 only. Shoot dry weight of Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ was actually 11% higher in plants flooded 6 days days than in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days in run 2. Size index of Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ increased with increasing flood length, and plants flooded for 6 days had a 9% higher SI than plants flooded for 0 days in run 1. With the exception of Fothergilla × intermedia L. ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa appeared tolerant of and even thrived during flooding and would be appropriate shrub selections for a southeastern United States rain garden.

The influence of pH on the toxicity of a low concentration of aluminum to white spruce seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nosko ◽  
Kenneth A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Key Words Aluminum

Week-old white spruce seedlings were grown for 7 days at pH 4.5, 3.9, 3.65, or 3.5 using a continuous flow system to deliver experimental solutions. At each pH, seedlings received either no aluminum or 10 μM Al, a concentration 2 – 3 orders of magnitude lower than the reported minimum Al concentrations required to induce toxicity symptoms in seedlings of a variety of tree species. In – Al treatments, root elongation was reduced at pH 3.9 and root dry weight was reduced at pH 3.5, compared with seedlings grown at pH 4.5. Exposure to 10 μM Al caused further reduction of root growth, the magnitude of which increased as pH decreased. This suggests that seedling root growth was affected by the increased proportion of the total Al existing as phytotoxic Al3+ at lower pH values or by an interaction of Al3+ and H+. Neither pH nor Al affected shoot growth. Both acidity and Al could limit natural regeneration of white spruce by preventing seedling establishment. Key words: aluminum toxicity, soil acidity, forest decline, white spruce, Picea glauca, forest regeneration.

Effect of restricted watering on sap flow and growth in corn (Zea mays L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gavloski ◽  
C. R. Ellis ◽  
G. H. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root System ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Box

The heat balance technique for measuring sap flow was used to determine how plant stress from watering various proportions of the root system in corn (Zea mays L.) affects sap flow and root and shoot growth. Sectional root-boxes were used to divide the root system into four equal compartments so that known proportions of the root system could be subjected to water stress. Results indicated that the root-box technique is useful in studying the effects of adverse growing conditions in corn. Treatments consisted of no watering and watering one, two, three, or four sections of the box. Sap flow was measured using gauges that worked on a heat balance principle, and aspects of root and shoot growth were also measured. Withholding water from two or more sections of the box for 26 d resulted in decreased sap flow and fresh and dry weight of stalks compared with plants where all four sections were watered (control). Plant height was lower in boxes where one or more sections were deprived of water compared with the control. Dry weight of roots was less when water was withheld from three or all sections of the roots, and fresh weight of roots was less when water was withheld from all four sections. Corn plants with even half the roots growing under stressed conditions resulted in decreased sap flow and shoot growth.Key words: Root-box, moisture stress

scholarly journals Physical Environment and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation III. Root Temperature Effects on Shoot and Root Development and Nitrogen Distribution In Trifolium Subterraneum

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Root and shoot growth, and the distribution of nitrogen to the roots and shoots, were examined in five varieties of Trifolium subterraneum. The plants were grown between 5 and 30�0 root temperature, and received their nitrogen from root nodules, or as ammonium nitrate.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND LEACHATES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAVES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTNER

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Elavazhagan P
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Germination And Growth

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of leaf leachates and leaf extracts prepared from fully senesced fallen and matured leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Leaf leachates and leaf extracts sowed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of E. coracana seedlings. The leaf extracts had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of leaf leachates on morphological parameters of E. coracana

scholarly journals 373 Response of Dwarf Yaupon Holly to Fertilizer Rate and Duration

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 456E-456
Author(s):  
Thomas Yeager ◽  
Claudia Larsen ◽  
Gisele Martins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria

Multiple branched liners of Ilex vomitoria Ait. `Nana' were greenhouse-grown in 3-L containers with a 2 pine bark: 1 Canadian peat: 1 sand substrate. Plants were fertilized weekly with a solution of 50 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L–1) for either 5, 10, or 15 weeks. Then plants for each of the three fertilizer durations were fertilized weekly with a solution of either 50, 150 or 300 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L– 1) for an additional 15 weeks, at which time root and shoot dry weights were determined. A control group of plants was fertilized weekly with 300 N (mg·L–1) for 30 weeks. Shoot dry weight increased linearly as fertilizer rate or duration of fertilization increased. Root dry weights increased linearly as fertilizer duration increased while root dry weights were not different due to fertilizer rate. These data indicate that duration of fertilization is important in promoting root and shoot growth; however, the largest amount of root and shoot dry weight resulted from the highest N application rate (300 mg·L–1) for the longest duration (30 weeks).

scholarly journals Effects of Short Interval Cyclic Flooding on Growth and Survival of Three Native Shrubs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Dylewski ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt ◽  
Charlene LeBleu
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Native Shrubs

The effect of short interval cyclic flooding on root and shoot growth of ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly (Ilex glabra), ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire (Itea virginica), and ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw (Viburnum nudum) was studied in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL. Liners (4.4 inches long) of each species were planted into trade 1-gal pots in 1 pine bark:1 peat by volume (PB:P) or fine textured calcined clay (CC). ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly and ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire were planted 18 Apr. 2008; the experiment was repeated with the addition of ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw on 16 June 2008. Plants were flooded to substrate level for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 7 days. Flooding cycles were repeated at least five times with 7 days of draining between each flood cycle. During draining, plants received no irrigation. Non-flooded plants were watered as needed. Flooded plants for all species except ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw showed decreased root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and final growth index when compared with non-flooded plants. Survival was higher in CC than PB:P for both experiments. All plants maintained good visual quality and shoot growth. As a result, overall, these plants seemed tolerant of flooding despite differences in growth.

scholarly journals Establishment and Growth of Transplanted Conifers in the Southern Great Plains

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Pool ◽  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
Pinus Spp

Pinus spp. (pine) currently experience considerable pressure from numerous pests, diseases, and sometimes harsh climate of the Midwest and Great Plains thus jeopardizing the health of current windbreaks and landscapes. Four species of conifers, Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress), Picea engelmannii (engelmann spruce), and Thuja × ‘Green Giant’ (‘Green Giant’arborvitae) were spring planted in a sandy loam soil to observe root and shoot growth during the initial 12 months following transplant. Whole plant (roots and shoots) harvests occurred monthly for examination and collection of growth data. Results indicate that C. arizonica exhibited rapid root and shoot growth throughout the growing season with increases in dry weight of 4800 and 6300%, respectively. In contrast, P. engelmannii exhibited a modest increase in root dry weight of 82% throughout the growing season while shoot growth was essentially non-existent. Thuja × ‘Green Giant’exhibited significant increases in shoot (230%) and root (350%) growth throughout the growing season. Abies nordmanniana exhibited minimal yet significant shoot and root growth during the study, with dry weight increases of 13 and 55%, respectively. The data herein suggests that C. arizonica easily establishes following transplant because it rapidly initiates new root and shoot growth.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Zinc on Growth of an Aquatic Macrophyte, Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laitonjam Chanu ◽  
Abhik Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

The effects of different concentrations of Zn on growth of an aquatic macrophyte, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. were studied. Fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length, number of nodes, development of leaves, and chlorophyll and carotene contents were the different growth parameters considered. Toxicity symptoms like browning and decaying of roots could be observed in plants treated at 22.7 mg L-1 Zn as early as 3rd day of experiment while yellowing of older leaves appeared during the later period of exposure. High concentration of Zn (12.71 – 22.7 mg L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of plant while lower Zn concentrations up to 4.09 mg L-1 enhanced its growth. However, at 7.26 mg L-1 Zn the chlorophyll as well as total carotene content in leaf of I. aquatica were significantly reduced from that in control on 5th day of exposure and subsequently the reduction was observed in lower concentrations. Thus, I. aquatica can be employed in biomonitoring of Zn polluted aquatic ecosystems using root browning, root and shoot growth inhibition, and chlorophyll and total carotene contents as sensitive biomarkers.

scholarly journals 872 PB 226 ENHANCED ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN MEDIA INOCULATED WITH TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 558f-558
Author(s):  
Amy J. MacKenzie ◽  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
Mark T. Windham
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Kg Medium

Trichoderma harzianum is a well-documented biocontrol agent that has been shown to enhance rooting of chrysanthemum `White Marble'. The objective of this research was to determine if T. harzianum would enhance rooting of hard-to-root chrysanthemum cuttings. Two hard-to-root cultivars (`Dark Bronze Charm' and `Golden Bounty') and two easy-to-root cultivars (`Davis' and `White Marble') were propagated in a 1:1 peat-perlite medium amended with T. harzianum at a rate of 0, 5, or 25g/kg medium. Measurements were taken 7, 14, and 21 days after insertion of the cuttings into the medium. Interactions occurred between rate of amendment and day of measurement for some variables measured. However, overall there was increased root fresh and dry weight of all cultivars when T. harzionum rates were 5 or 25 g/kg medium. Increased root fresh and dry weight occurred on days 14 and 21 for most cultivars. Root fresh and dry weight increased with increasing rate of amendment on day 14 but there was no difference between the 5 and 25 g/kg rates on day 21. Shoot fresh weight was increased with 5 or 25 g/kg each measurement day for all cultivar except `White Marble' and shoot length was increased with 25g/kg for all cultivars.

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