Movements and cumulative range size of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) inferred from mark–recapture studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Serena ◽  
G. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Range Size ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Fyke Nets ◽  
Age And Sex

The extent of mammalian movements often varies with size, sex and/or reproductive status. Fyke nets were set along streams and rivers near Melbourne (southern Victoria) from the mid-1990s to 2007, and in the Wimmera River catchment (western Victoria) from 1997 to 2005, to assess how far platypus of different age and sex classes travelled between captures and over longer periods. The mean distance between consecutive captures of adults did not vary significantly as intervals increased from 1–3 months to >3 years, suggesting that most individuals occupied stable ranges. However, adult females travelled, on average, only 35% as far between captures as males in southern Victoria, and 29% as far in the Wimmera. Up to half of this difference may be explained by variation in size-related metabolic requirements. Immature males and females respectively moved 61% and 53% as far, on average, as their adult equivalents, although two young males dispersed >40 km. Adults incrementally occupied up to 13.9 km of channel in the case of a male (based on six captures over 67 months) and 4.4 km of channel in the case of a female (based on five captures over 127 months).

scholarly journals Effect of Sport Training and Education on Q Angle in Young Males and Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Orhan Ahmet Şener ◽  
Mehmet Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Male Subject ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Undergraduate Study ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study investigation of the effect of sport training and education on Q angle in young males and females. The Quadriceps Q angles of 240 female and 600 male subject were measured in both supine and standing positions by goniometer. It was used t-tests for statistical analyses. In this study, the average age was found to be 19.16 for women and 21.120 for men. The vast majority of participants are in the 17-22 age range. In this study, was found the mean Q angle of female and male subjects at supine position 15.710 and 13.020. On the other hand Q angle of female and male subjects at standing position were 17.050 and 14.040 respectively. The difference between mean Q angle of female and male subject was statistically significant (p<0.001). Between undergraduate study group and non-undergraduate group wasn't differences Standing Q angle and Supine Q angle statistically significant (p>0.05). Finally, the mean dominant knee Q angle of young females and males seemed to be in normal range. The high value of the knee Q angle of the dominant leg should be considered to be greater than 17 for males and 20 for females. The effect of physical activity on Q-angle should be investigated more extensively. It is thought that sport education has a decreasing effect on Q angle.

scholarly journals A comparison of interpupillary distances between Turkish and Azerbaijani populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Interpupillary Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Differences in far interpupillary distance (IPD) in Turkish and Azerbaijani adults of the same ethnic background from different age groups were examined to investigate the effects of ethnicity, genetics, geography, and environmental factors on IPD. Methods: A total of 1,400 healthy individuals aged ≥18 years were enrolled. The far IPD of each individual was determined in both communities. IPD data for 700 subjects in Azerbaijan and 700 subjects in Turkey was analyzed. Males and females were divided into six age ranges: 18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and ≥65 years. Far IPD data in Turkey and Azerbaijan was collected using two types of autorefractometers: Topcon RM 8800 and Topcon TRK-2P.Results: The mean age of the 700 subjects in Turkey was 44.5 ± 17.6 years. The mean IPD was 62.1 ± 3.7 mm. The mean IPD in females was 61 mm, which was less than males (63 mm) (P < 0.05). The mean age of the 700 Azerbaijani subjects was 44.0 ± 15.6 years. The mean IPD of the subjects was 65.0 ± 3.1 mm. The mean IPD (64 mm) in females was significantly lower than the mean IPD (66 mm) in males (P < 0.05). Differences in IPD between age groups in both communities were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean IPD in all age groups in the Azerbaijani population was greater than that of the Turkish population. Compared with other ethnic groups, the mean IPD in the Azerbaijani population was remarkably high.Conclusions: When mean far IPD values in individuals aged ≥18 years in the Azerbaijani and Turkish populations were compared, statistically significant differences were observed. In Azerbaijani Turks, mean IPD values in both males and females were greater than those observed in the Turkish population in all age groups. The mean IPD values of the Azerbaijani population were greater than those of other ethnic groups when classified by both age and sex. As well as ethnicity, geographical and environmental factors influenced far IPD values.

Distribution and Demographic Attributes of Platypus Populations Near Melbourne.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
M. Serena ◽  
G.A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Good Physical Condition ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
Fyke Nets ◽  
Yarra River

Information on platypus populations occurring along streams in the Melbourne region was collected by mark- release studies in the period I989-I996. In all, 256 records of animals were obtained along waterways in the Yarra River, Maribyrnong River and Dandenong Creek catchments. Ornilhorhynchus anatinus were captured at approximately one-quarter of the sites sampled by fyke nets, with animals encountered to within about 15 km of inner Melbourne. Evidence of reproduction was obtained along seven waterways in the Yarra River catchment (Badger Creek, Watts River/Graceburn Creek, Olinda Creek, Mullum Mullum Creek, Diamond Creek, Plenty River/Jacks Creek and the Yarra River itself) as well as Monbulk Creek in the Oandenong Creek catchment. The earliest date on which a juvenile was captured at any site was 24 February. Across populations, sex ratio (expressed as the number of adult or subadult females per adult male) tended to be positively correlated with population density. In all seasons, nearly all animals were found to be in moderate to good physical condition (i.e. tail fat index = 2 or 3). The three thinnest individuals encountered in this study were adult females captured in March, at least two of which were lactating. Along the Watts River and Mullum Mullum Creek, six individuals (comprising about 10% of animals captured) had one or more pieces of plastic or rubber litter caught around their neck or thorax.

scholarly journals Home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae: sexual and body size differences

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. D. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Janeiro State

The home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae, an endemic species of the costal sand dune habitats of Rio de Janeiro State, was studied in the beach habitat of Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá County. Home ranges were studied using a mark-recapture technique in a delimited area at the beach habitat. I considered for estimates and analysis the home ranges of those lizards with a minimum of four positions. The size of L. lutzae home ranges varied according to the segment of the population. The mean home range size of adult males (x = 59.8 ± 33.7 m²) was significantly larger than that of adult females (x = 22.3 ± 16.1 m²). Juvenile mean home range size was significantly smaller than that of adult males, but did not differ from that of adult females (t = 1.058; p = 0.149). The overlap between male home ranges was usually low (3.6%), being in general only peripheral. Conversely, there was a considerable overlap between home ranges of adult females with those of adult males, the home range areas of two or three females being enclosed in the home range of one adult male. The small overlap between home ranges of adult males suggested mutual exclusion. The observed between-sex differences in the size of L. lutzae home range may be explained by the sexual dimorphism in body size in this species, and by the need of adult males to establish larger areas so as to include many females in their areas, during the reproductive season. The differences in home range along ontogeny probably result from differences in body size of the different segments of the population, due to trophic differences (carnivory and herbivory levels), and the dispersal of young after birth. Because L. lutzae is omnivorous, but primarily herbivorous when adult, and due to its sit-and-wait foraging behavior (mainly on arthropods), it does not need to move around over large areas to find food, which in turn reduces the area necessary for it to live.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Determination of Normal Pituitary Gland Dimensions in Zaria, Northwest Nigerian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Oluleke Ibinaiye ◽  
Sefia Olarinoye-Akorede ◽  
Olugbenga Kajogbola ◽  
Adamu Girei Bakari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: To determine the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age and sex. Materials and Methods: Cranial MRI scans of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (58 males and 42 females) and in the age range 14–82 years were reviewed in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The height, width, and depth of the pituitary were obtained from mid-sagittal and coronal planes, while the volume was calculated from these measured parameters. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis. Statistical tests applied included Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. A minimum level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean pituitary volumes were 334.1 ± 145.8 mm3 and 328.1 ± 129.2 mm3 while the mean pituitary heights were 6.45 ± 1.7 mm and 6.46 ± 1.57 mm in males and females, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between pituitary height and pituitary volume in both sexes, they correlated negatively with increasing age (r = −202, P = 0.04 and r = −410, P = 0.000, respectively). Both parameters were highest in pubertal subjects and declined steadily with age, with a second peak occurring only for pituitary height in the sixth decade. The mean pituitary widths (9.08 ± 2.59 mm and 9.21 ± 1.86 mm) and depths (10.59 ± 1.71 mm and 10.49 ± 1.57 mm) in males and females, respectively, did not show remarkable changes with age and sex in the individuals studied. Conclusion: With this study, we have provided reference values in Nigerian population for the dimensions of normal pituitary gland, in order to facilitate assessment and diagnosis in patients with abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.

Teenagers' Preferences Regarding the Presence of Family Members, Peers, and Chaperones During Examination of Genitalia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Sheridan Phillips ◽  
Stanford B. Friedman ◽  
Michael Seidenberg ◽  
Felix P. Heald
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Physician Characteristics ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adolescent Clinic ◽  
Age And Sex

During physical examinations that include the genitalia, teenagers are typically separated from their parents and females are provided with a chaperone. To assess teenagers' attitudes regarding this practice, 140 females and 60 males awaiting treatment in a general adolescent clinic were asked their opinion about a physical examination that included the genitalia. Teenagers indicated whether they would want to be accompanied during the examination, and by whom, as a function of the hypothetical clinical situation that varied the sex and familiarity of the physician. Choices reflected teenagers' age and sex, rather than physician characteristics. Young males and females strongly preferred to be accompanied, generally by a family member. With increasing age, males preferred to be alone with the physician whereas females preferred to be accompanied. Regardless of sex and age, virtually none chose the company of peers. Despite strong developmental differences, however, there also were pronounced individual differences among teenagers of the same age. Our results suggest that service delivery be adapted to the particular preference expressed by individual teenagers. Needs assessment for adolescent programs may best be achieved by conducting similar surveys in local clinical settings.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional pituitary gland volume on MRI - A normative study

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Md Towhidur Rahman ◽  
Md Mofazzal Sharif ◽  
AS Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Standard reference values for the pituitary gland volume of healthy Bangladeshi is necessary to facilitate assessment and diagnosis of pituitary pathology.Objectives: To obtain the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age, sex.Materials & Methods: MRI of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (age range 14- 82 years) was taken in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis.Results: The mean pituitary gland volumes were 332.1 ± 146.8 mm3 and 324.2 ± 130.2 mm3 while the mean pituitary heights were 6.22 ± 1.6 mm and 6.42 ± 1.57 mm in males and females, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between pituitary height and pituitary volume in both sexes, they correlated negatively with increasing age (r = -202, P = 0.04 and r = -410, P = 0.000, respectively). The mean pituitary widths (9.03 ± 2.48 mm and 9.21 ± 1.84 mm) and depths (10.5 ± 1.6 mm and 10.42 ± 1.52 mm) in males and females, respectively, did not show remarkable changes with age and sex in the individuals studied. Statistical tests applied included Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. A minimum level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Conclusion: With this study, we have provided reference values in Bangladeshi population for the dimensions of normal pituitary gland.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 53-55

Distribution and reproductive biology of the blackchin guitarfish, Rhinobatos cemiculus (Pisces: Rhinobatidae), in Tunisian waters (central Mediterranean)

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Capape ◽  
J Zaouali
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Chemical Balance ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Rhinobatos cemiculus are described from specimens collected in Tunisian waters. Sizes at first sexual maturity of males and females are 1000 mm and 1100 mm total length (TL), respectively. Adult females are generally larger than adult males, the maximum TL for males and females being 1920 mm and 2300 mm, respectively. The smallest gravid female observed was 1220 mm TL. R. cemiculus is an aplacental viviparous species, with each female having two ovaries and two uteri, both functional. Ripe oocytes in the ovaries, ova, embryos and fully developed fetuses in the uteri are symmetrically distributed. The gestation period could last for a maximum of eight months. Vitellogenesis proceeds in parallel with gestation, and at the time of parturition a crop of ripe oocytes is ready to be ovulated. Ovulation and parturition occur during winter and summer, respectively. There is probably one litter per year. The mean TL and mean weight of fully developed fetuses are 39.6 mm and 115.1 g, respectively. A computed chemical balance of development, based on the mean dry weights of fully developed fetuses and ripe oocytes, is 1.01. This low value is due to the fact that R. cemiculus is purely a lecithotrophic species. Fecundity ranges from 5 to 12 young per litter. Ovarian fecundity and uterine fecundity are slightly correlated with the size of females. Females are more numerous than males in the total sample, as well as in utero and at the juvenile stage; however, this is not the case for subadults and adults. This phenomenon is probably due to segregation of the sexes at different depths during certain stages of the reproductive cycle rather than to a high rate of mortality among subadult and adult females.

Reproduction in the Bridled Nailtail Wallaby, Onychogalea fraenata Gould (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Young Males ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The reproduction of the endangered macropod Onychogalea fraenata was studied in captivity. O. fraenata breeds throughout the year. A post-partum oestrus was not recorded, although mating during the pouch life was observed when the pouch young were 80–92 days old. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was determined to be 36·2 days, while the mean length of a gestation period was 23·6 days. Pouch life ranged between 119 and 126 days, and the young males and females matured as early as 270 days and 136 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Sighting heterogeneity of right whales in the western North Atlantic: 1980-1992

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Moira W. Brown ◽  
Solange Brault ◽  
Philip K. Hamilton ◽  
Robert D. Kenney ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Eubalaena Glacialis ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
North Atlantic Right Whales ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Juvenile Males

The population of western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) is distributed primarily between Florida, USA and NovaScotia, Canada, aggregating seasonally in five geographically distinct, high-use areas. To test the effectiveness of monitoring alldemographic classes (juvenile and adult males and females) of the population in these five habitat areas, an evaluation was carried out ofthe identification records of catalogued right whales collected between 1980 and 1992, for which the age, sex and reproductive status (foradult females) were known. The mean annual identification frequency of adult females was significantly lower than that of adult males,juvenile females and juvenile males. Among adult females, reproductively active females were seen significantly more often than expectedwhen lactating (with a calf) than during their pregnancy or resting years. These data suggest that, while research efforts in the five high-usehabitat areas have had relatively equal success at monitoring juvenile males and females and adult males, many adult females are segregatedat times from the rest of the population. Lower variability in annual identification frequencies of adult females indicates that they may bemore site specific in their distribution than males, particularly during the years when they are pregnant or resting from a previous pregnancy.Re-running these analyses using sighting records updated through 2000 will help determine if the trends continue to be documentedregardless of changes in survey effort and patterns of habitat use of some animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document