Magnetic Resonance Imaging Determination of Normal Pituitary Gland Dimensions in Zaria, Northwest Nigerian Population

Objectives: To determine the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age and sex. Materials and Methods: Cranial MRI scans of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (58 males and 42 females) and in the age range 14–82 years were reviewed in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The height, width, and depth of the pituitary were obtained from mid-sagittal and coronal planes, while the volume was calculated from these measured parameters. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis. Statistical tests applied included Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. A minimum level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean pituitary volumes were 334.1 ± 145.8 mm3 and 328.1 ± 129.2 mm3 while the mean pituitary heights were 6.45 ± 1.7 mm and 6.46 ± 1.57 mm in males and females, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between pituitary height and pituitary volume in both sexes, they correlated negatively with increasing age (r = −202, P = 0.04 and r = −410, P = 0.000, respectively). Both parameters were highest in pubertal subjects and declined steadily with age, with a second peak occurring only for pituitary height in the sixth decade. The mean pituitary widths (9.08 ± 2.59 mm and 9.21 ± 1.86 mm) and depths (10.59 ± 1.71 mm and 10.49 ± 1.57 mm) in males and females, respectively, did not show remarkable changes with age and sex in the individuals studied. Conclusion: With this study, we have provided reference values in Nigerian population for the dimensions of normal pituitary gland, in order to facilitate assessment and diagnosis in patients with abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.

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Three-dimensional pituitary gland volume on MRI - A normative study

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v9i2.38147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 53-55

Author(s):

Md Towhidur Rahman ◽

Md Mofazzal Sharif ◽

AS Mohiuddin

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Reference Values ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Gland Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

Age And Sex

Background: Standard reference values for the pituitary gland volume of healthy Bangladeshi is necessary to facilitate assessment and diagnosis of pituitary pathology.Objectives: To obtain the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age, sex.Materials & Methods: MRI of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (age range 14- 82 years) was taken in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis.Results: The mean pituitary gland volumes were 332.1 ± 146.8 mm3 and 324.2 ± 130.2 mm3 while the mean pituitary heights were 6.22 ± 1.6 mm and 6.42 ± 1.57 mm in males and females, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between pituitary height and pituitary volume in both sexes, they correlated negatively with increasing age (r = -202, P = 0.04 and r = -410, P = 0.000, respectively). The mean pituitary widths (9.03 ± 2.48 mm and 9.21 ± 1.84 mm) and depths (10.5 ± 1.6 mm and 10.42 ± 1.52 mm) in males and females, respectively, did not show remarkable changes with age and sex in the individuals studied. Statistical tests applied included Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. A minimum level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Conclusion: With this study, we have provided reference values in Bangladeshi population for the dimensions of normal pituitary gland.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 53-55

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MENSURATION OF THE NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN 96 DOGS

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound ◽

10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00915.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 130-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hege Kippenes ◽

Patrick R. Gavin ◽

Susan L. Kraft ◽

Ronald D. Sande ◽

Russell L. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Normal Pituitary Gland

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Morphological Study on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Pituitary Gland in Nepalese Population: Age and Sex-Related Changes

Nepalese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3126/njr.v10i2.35970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Gopal Prasad Khanal ◽

Roshan Pangeni ◽

Buddhi Sagar Lamichhane ◽

Prakash Kayastha ◽

Anju Poudel

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Endocrine Gland ◽

Age Group ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Normal Pituitary Gland ◽

Imaging Department ◽

Age And Sex

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that secretes important hormones and controls other glands. Its size, shape and volume vary with age and sex and also in various pathological conditions. This study was conducted to identify the size, shape and volume of the normal pituitary gland in different age groups of both genders using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).Methods: A retrospective study of the brain MRI Images of 203 patients was done in the Radiology and Imaging department of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Anterior-posterior dimension, transverse dimension, height and shape of the pituitary gland were noted and volume was calculated. Descriptive analysis and relationship of pituitary parameters with age and sex were assessed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests.Results: The pituitary height and volume was maximum in the 11-20years age group. Similarly, the mean height and volume of the pituitary gland in female patients of each age group were greater than that of male patients in the same age group. The inferential analysis revealed significant differences for mean pituitary height and volume with age but not with gender. The upper surface convexity was maximum in the age group 11-20years.Conclusion: The study has shown a clear trend with regards to the morphology of the pituitary gland with the age and sex of the individual highlighting the size, shape and volume of the pituitary gland should be taken into consideration while evaluating the glands for any neuroendocrine disorders.

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Measurement of Posterior Tibial Slope in Turkish Population Groups with Magnetic Resonance İmaging

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56745/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Musab Ümeyir Karakanlı ◽

Ferdanur Deniz ◽

İlkin Celilov ◽

Ömer Sofulu ◽

Fatih Küçükdurmaz

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Posterior Tibial Slope ◽

Slice Thickness ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The posterior tibial slope (PTS) has great importance on the balance and the stability of the knee and has to be taken into account during the reconstruction and replacement procedure. However, the anthropometric measurements are not universal and show population-based variations. The purpose of this study is to find features of PTS in the Turkish population in regards to the medial and lateral compartment. Methods Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were retrieved from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Subjects from 25 to 45 years old were included from the MRIs taken between July 2015 to July 2017. Any MRI with radiological signs of osteoarthritis, chondral and meniscus (grade 3 & 4) lesions was excluded as well as a deformity in the lower extremity, patients with a history of fracture and/or history of knee surgery. The measurements were made using T1-weighted coronal and sagittal MRI planes with a slice thickness of 4 mm. The PTS of the medial, lateral plateau were recorded with gender and age of the subjects. Non-parametric Spearman's Correlation tests and Student T tests were used to calculate the relationship between medial-lateral PTS and ages and also to evaluate PTS differences between genders. Results Two-hundred thirty-two subjects (122 female, 110 male) were included in the study. The mean medial and lateral PTS were 7.7°±1.3° and 7.5°±1.3° respectively, and there was a significant correlation (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in the mean medial PTS (p = 0.45) and lateral PTS (p = 0.73) between genders and matched age groups. Conclusions Our results showed that there is no gender-based variation in the Turkish population. Although we do not make a systematic comparison, the measurements of PTS in the Turkish population were different from other populations.

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Thickness of cerebral cortex measured using anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44020016 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Liuda Janauskaitë ◽

Justina Kaèerauskienë ◽

Ugnë Jaðinskaitë ◽

Vytautas Gedrimas ◽

Rimvydas Stropus

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age And Sex

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging method opened up the possibility for in vivo examination of the anatomy of human brain. For this reason it is interesting and relevant to compare the knowledge accumulated over a number of years during the examination of the composition of dead brain to that obtained from magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the thickness of cerebral cortex in human of different age and sex, measured in different sites of the hemispheres when applying anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods. The thickness of cerebral cortex was measured in symmetrical Brodmann’s areas of both hemispheres. The anatomical mesoscopic imaging technique was used for the examination of 2×2-cm cortex samples obtained during autopsy and fixed for 4 weeks in 10% paraformaldehyde. In these samples, cortex thickness was measured in sections perpendicular to the convolution, using an operative microscope, in a mesoscopic image at ×16 magnification and with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, the thickness of cerebral cortex in live subjects was measured on T1-weighted images of patients examined at the Clinic of Radiology, Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. The measured cortical field image was magnified to the smallest element of digital image – the pixel – and measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Each of the two techniques was applied for the examination of 20 men and women who were divided into age groups of 20–60 years (n=10) and older than 60 years (n=10). Results and conclusions. Both examination methods yielded a statistically significant difference in the thickness of cerebral cortex between Brodmann’s areas 1, 4, and 19. No significant difference in cortex thickness was found between different age and sex groups; however, the findings showed that the difference in cortex thickness between the different age male groups was 4.6% and female – 1.6%. No significant difference using different techniques was found, but the cortex thickness in the fixed samples was reduced by 0.5 cm on average.

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Morphometric Study of Pituitary Gland with Correlation of Age and Gender using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v6i2.40322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1476-1480

Author(s):

Sunima Maskey ◽

Dil Islam Mansur ◽

Subindra Karki ◽

Pragya Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Transverse Dimension ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Age Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master gland of the body. It’s size varies with age and gender. MRI is the safest and effective diagnostic tool for pituitary gland examination. Objectives: This study was aim to determine the anteroposterior, height and transverse dimensions of normal pituitary gland in different age groups of both sex with MRI. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It consisted of 567 images of individuals (242 males and 325 females) of various age from 20 to 70 years from the Department of Radio- diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital. Results: The mean anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension of pituitary gland is 9.74±1.18 mm, 5.95±1.11 mm and 11.65±2.15 mm respectively in which females have higher value. Independent sample t test showed highly significant differences (p< 0.05) between the mean anteroposterior dimension in males and females. The present study showed the mean value of anteroposterior dimension is maximum at age group 50-59. The mean value of height, transverse dimension and volume of males and females is maximum at 20-29 age group and minimum at 70-79 age group. One way ANOVA shows that there is significant difference between in height, transverse dimension and volume at different age group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the height and volume of pituitary gland is maximum at second decade of life then it gradually decreases with age. The mean value of anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension showed greater value of females than males.

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Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841859809172152 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Dinç ◽

F. Esen ◽

A. Demirci ◽

A. Sari ◽

H. Resit Gümele

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Matched Control ◽

Post Partum ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Normal Pituitary Gland ◽

Volume Measurements ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

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Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

Iranian Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.5812/ijo.115608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arezoo Jahanbin ◽

Shirin Dokht Shirazi ◽

Elaheh Kamyabnezhad ◽

Neda Eslami ◽

Seyed Hosein Hoseini Zarch

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Growth Center ◽

Different Populations ◽

Males And Females ◽

Ossification Process ◽

Age And Sex

Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

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Validation of a Belgian Prediction Model for Patient Encounters at Football Mass Gatherings

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x21000923 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kris Spaepen ◽

Door Lauwaert ◽

Leonard Kaufman ◽

Winne AP Haenen ◽

Ives Hubloue

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

First Aid ◽

Rank Test ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Actual Patient ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

The Mean ◽

Patient Presentation

Abstract Background: To validate the Belgian Plan Risk Manifestations (PRIMA) model, actual patient presentation rates (PPRs) from Belgium’s largest football stadium were compared with predictions provided by existing models and the Belgian PRIMA model. Methods: Actual patient presentations gathered from 41 football games (2010-2019) played at the King Baudouin Stadium (Brussels, Belgium) were compared with predictions by existing models and the PRIMA model. All attendees who sought medical help from in-event health services (IEHS) in the stadium or called 1-1-2 within the closed perimeter around the stadium were included. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson correlation tests, and Wilcoxon singed-rank test. Results: A total of 1,630,549 people attended the matches, with 626 people needing first aid. Both the PRIMA and the Hartman model over-estimated the number of patient encounters for each occasion. The Arbon model under-estimated patient encounters for 9.75% (95% CI, 0.49-19.01) of the events. When comparing deviations in predictions between the PRIMA model to the other models, there was a significant difference in the mean deviation (Arbon: Z = −5.566, P <.001, r = −.61; Hartman: Z = −4.245, P <.001, r = .47). Conclusion: When comparing the predicted patient encounters, only the Arbon model under-predicted patient presentations, but the Hartman and the PRIMA models consistently over-predicted. Because of continuous over-prediction, the PRIMA model showed significant differences in mean deviation of predicted PPR. The results of this study suggest that the PRIMA model can be used during planning for domestic and international football matches played at the King Baudouin Stadium, but more data and further research are needed.

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Pituitary volume in children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature and controls

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2015-0404 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marion Kessler ◽

Michael Tenner ◽

Michael Frey ◽

Richard Noto

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽

Short Stature ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Growth Hormone Secretion ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Idiopathic Short Stature ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractBackground:The objective of the study was to describe the pituitary volume (PV) in pediatric patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (ISS) and normal controls.Methods:Sixty-nine patients (57 male, 12 female), with a mean age of 11.9 (±2.0), were determined to have IGHD. ISS was identified in 29 patients (20 male, 9 female), with a mean age of 12.7 (±3.7). Sixty-six controls (28 female, 38 male), mean age 9.8 (±4.7) were also included. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance images with contrast were obtained to accurately measure PV.Results:There was a significant difference in the mean PV among the three groups. The IGHD patients had a mean PV 230.8 (±89.6), for ISS patients it was 286.8 (±108.2) and for controls it was 343.7 (±145.9) (p<0.001). There was a normal increase in PV with age in the ISS patients and controls, but a minimal increase in the IGHD patients.Conclusions:Those patients with isolated GHD have the greatest reduction in PV compared to controls and the patients with ISS fall in between. We speculate that a possible cause for the slowed growth in some ISS patients might be related to diminished chronic secretion of growth hormone over time, albeit having adequate pituitary reserves to respond acutely to GH stimulation. Thus, what was called neurosecretory GHD in the past, might, in some patients, be relative pituitary hypoplasia and resultant diminished growth hormone secretion. Thus, PV determinations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could assist in the diagnostic evaluation of the slowly growing child.

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