Characteristics of the den trees of the yellow-bellied glider in western Victoria

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Susan M. Carthew ◽  
Matthew Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
South West ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Petaurus Australis ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Tree Hollow

Effective management of tree-hollow-dependent wildlife is enhanced by detailed knowledge of the trees used for shelter and breeding. We describe the characteristics of 52 den trees and hollows (cavities) used by the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) in the south-west of its geographic range. We compared the following attributes of den trees to reference trees: tree height, diameter at breast height, hollow entrance height, hollow entrance diameter, cavity diameter, cavity depth, cavity roof height and cavity wall thickness. Dens and reference trees showed a highly significant multivariate difference (P<0.001), with these variables explaining 64% of the variance. Univariate analyses revealed that hollow entrance height was significantly different between den trees (9.0±0.5m) and reference trees (5.5±0.3m). While not significant, den trees tended to have narrower hollow entrances, deeper cavities and thinner walls than reference trees; cavities used by yellow-bellied gliders, on average, measured 36.8cm deep and 18.0cm in diameter, and had entrances 10.6cm in diameter. These observations should assist forest management for this species.

The characteristics of squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) den trees in subtropical Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia L. Beyer ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
David J. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
North East ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Squirrel Glider ◽  
Tree Hollow ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Effective management of tree-hollow-dependent wildlife requires a sound knowledge of the characteristics of the trees used for shelter or breeding. We used radio-tracking to identify the den trees of squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) in south-east Queensland (Qld) and north-east New South Wales (NSW). Squirrel gliders used dead trees as well as 13 species of living tree for dens across the two locations. Dead trees accounted for a large percentage of dens (54% of 48 dens in Qld, and 50% of 18 dens in NSW) despite comprising only 3–10% of the forest (trees >20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) at each location. This preference is largely due to dead trees being more likely to contain hollows, accounting for 26–44% of available hollow-bearing trees. Mean den tree size (dbh) was 48.9 ± 2.4 cm in Qld and 62.8 ± 5.6 cm in NSW. Den entrance height averaged 6.8 ± 1.2 m in Qld and 11.9 ± 1.3 m in NSW. Fissures in the trunk and holes in branches were the most common of six hollow types used. At one location branch end hollows were ignored relative to their availability. Den entrances varied in size (2.5–12 cm wide) but most were ≤5 cm in diameter. Entrance size of hollows appears to be the hollow attribute of most importance to squirrel gliders. Monitoring of these den trees over several years revealed the collapse of three dead den trees at each location, which is equivalent to an annual loss of 3% of den trees. Further research is needed to determine whether this will lead to a future shortage of den trees.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Seemingly Unrelated Mixed-Effects Biomass Models for Black Locust in West Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Karol Bronisz ◽  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Robert Tomusiak ◽  
Agnieszka Bronisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees and their components (stem, branches, and leaves). The research was carried out based on data collected in 13 stands (a total of 38 sample trees) of black locust located in western Poland. The model system was developed based on multivariate mixed-effect models using two approaches. In the first approach, biomass components and tree height were defined as dependent variables, while diameter at breast height was used as an independent variable. In the second approach, biomass components and diameter at breast height were dependent variables and tree height was defined as the independent variable. Both approaches enable the fixed-effect and cross-model random-effect prediction of aboveground dry biomass components of black locust. Cross-model random-effect prediction was obtained using additional measurements of two extreme trees, defined as trees characterized by the smallest and largest diameter at breast height in sample plot. This type of prediction is more precise (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 77.603 and 188.139, respectively) than that of fixed-effects prediction (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 238.716 and 206.933, respectively). The use of height as an independent variable increases the possibility of the practical application of the proposed solutions using remote data sources.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. at Two Sites in Indo-gangetic Plains of India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. S. Dhillon ◽  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Pritpal Singh ◽  
D. S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Northwestern India

Abstract Results from clonal trials of Populus deltoides conducted in two distinct agroclimatic regions of Punjab in northwestern India are reported and discussed. Sixteen clones were evaluated at Hambran and Bathinda where commonly grown clone ‘G-48’ was considered as control. Significant differences among clones (P < 0.001) were observed for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and volume at the age of four and six years under both the site conditions. Clone ‘L-48’ ranked first for volume at six year age at both sites and was followed by clone ‘Ranikhet’. The respective superiority for volume of these clones over control was 44.8 and 23.2 per cent at Hambran and 72.5 and 30.7 per cent at Bathinda. All growth traits registered significantly higher values at Hambran in comparison to those at Bathinda. Clone x site interaction was also significant (P < 0.001). The clones ‘L-168’, ‘154/86’, ‘Solan-z’ and ‘170/88’ experienced huge fluctuation in ranking between sites for volume at 6-year age. The DBH and height showed significant and positive correlation with each other and with tree volume at all the age combinations. The clonal mean heritability was quite high both at Hambran (0.73-0.86) and Bathinda (0.80-0.95). The genetic advance were the highest for volume (33.34-64.26%) and the lowest (10.65-22.79%) in case of height.

scholarly journals Contribution of some Acacia Species on Carbon Sequestration in Blue Nile State, Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Acacia Seyal

Background: The current challenge is to reduce the uncertainties in obtaining accurate and reliable data of carbon stock changes and emission factors essential for reporting national inventories. Improvements in above ground biomass estimation can also help account for changes in carbon stock in forest areas that may potentially participate in the Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and other initiatives. Current objectives for such estimates need a unified approach which can be measurable, reportable, and verifiable. This might result to a geographically referenced biomass density database for Sudanese forests that would reduce uncertainties in estimating forest aboveground biomass. The main objective: of this study is to assess potential of some selected forest variables for modeling carbon sequestration for Acacia seyal, vr. Seyal, Acacia seyal, vr. fistula, Acacia Senegal. The specific objectives include development of empirical allometric models for forest biomass estimation, estimation of carbon sequestration for these tree species, estimation of carbon sequestration per hectare and comparing the amount with that reported to the region. A total of 10 sample trees for biomass and carbon determination were selected for each of the three species from El Nour Natural Forest Reserve of the Blue Nile State, Sudan. Data of diameter at breast height, total tree height, tree crown diameter, crown height, and upper stem diameters were measured. Then sample trees were felled and sectioned to their components, and weighed. Subsamples were selected from each component for oven drying at 105 ˚C. Finally allometric models were developed and the aboveground dry weight (dwt) and carbon sequestered per hector were calculated. The results: presents biomass equations, biomass expansion factor and wood density that developed for the trees. In case of inventoried wood volume, corrections for biomass expansion factor and wood density value were done, and new values are suggested for use to convert wood volume to biomass estimates. The results also, indicate that diameter at breast height, crown diameter and tree height are good predictors for estimation of tree dwt and carbon stock. Conclusion: The developed allometric equations in this study gave better estimation of dwt than default value. The average carbon stock was found to be 22.57 t/ha.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relative Stem Taper Curves Estimated Only from Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height:

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Ishida ◽  
Satoshi Naoi ◽  
Yasumasa Watanabe ◽  
Akinori Tsuzuku ◽  
Masaya Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper

scholarly journals Tree crown size as a measure of tree biosocial position in 135-year-old oak (Quercus L.) stand

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaźmierczak ◽  
Bogna Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Crown Projection Area

AbstractThe paper presents an attempt to apply measurable traits of a tree – crown projection area, crown length, diameter at breast height and tree height for classification of 135-year-old oak (QuercusL.) trees into Kraft classes. Statistical multivariate analysis was applied to reach the aim. Empirical material was collected on sample plot area of 0.75 ha, located in 135-year-old oak stand. Analysis of dimensional traits of oaks from 135-year-old stand allows quite certain classification of trees into three groups: pre-dominant, dominant and co-dominant and dominated ones. This seems to be quite promising, providing a tool for the approximation of the biosocial position of tree with no need for assessment in forest. Applied analyses do not allow distinguishing trees belonging to II and III Kraft classes. Unless the eye-estimation-based classification is completed, principal component analysis (PCA) method provided simple, provisional solution for grouping trees from 135-year-old stand into three over-mentioned groups. Discriminant analysis gives more precise results compared with PCA. In the analysed stand, the most important traits for the evaluation of biosocial position were diameter at breast height, crown projection area and height.

scholarly journals Single-tree Equations for Estimating Biomass of Trembling Aspen, Large Tooth Aspen and White Birch in Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Alemdag ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Whole Tree

Ovendry mass of single trees of trembling aspen, largetooth aspen, and white birch in the Great Lakes — St. Lawrence and Boreal forest regions in Ontario was studied in relation to stem dimensions. Mass equations for tree components based on diameter at breast height outside bark and tree height were developed. Results were found more dependable for stem wood and the whole tree than for stem bark, live branches, and twigs plus leaves. Ovendry mass values were slightly higher than those reported for New York and northern Minnesota.

scholarly journals First Age-Estimation Model for Dracaena ombet and Dracaena draco subsp. caboverdeana

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Lengálová ◽  
Hana Kalivodová ◽  
Hana Habrová ◽  
Petr Maděra ◽  
Berihu Tesfamariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dracaena Draco ◽  
Dracaena Ombet

Research Highlights: The first model for crown age estimation was developed for Dracaena ombet Heuglin ex Kotschy and Peyr. and D. draco subsp. caboverdeana Marrero Rodr. and R. Almeida. Background and Objectives: Dracaena species are monocotyledon trees without annual tree rings. Most arborescent dragon tree species are endangered; thus, it is important to determine the age structures of these populations for proper conservation management strategies, and for modelling of population trends. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop a methodology of crown age estimation. Materials and Methods: Field data were collected in the Desa’a Forest (Ethiopia) and in Santo Antão (Cape Verde Islands). Trees within each age class, as expressed by the number of branch orders, were measured. The diameter at breast height, tree height, stem height, number of branch orders, number of all leaf rosettes and number of flowering leaf rosettes within the crown were recorded for each sampled tree. The flowering probabilities were counted as input data for the model used. Results: The duration of the interval between flowering events was 5.23 years for D. ombet and 4.94 years for D. draco subsp. caboverdeana. The crown of the oldest tree of D. ombet with 18 branch orders was estimated to be 94.2 years old, and the crown of the oldest tree of D. draco subsp. caboverdeana with 22 branch orders was estimated to be 108.6 years old.

Feeding behaviour of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) at the western edge of its range

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Carthew ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Darryl L. Funnell
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
South West ◽  
Petaurus Australis ◽  
Important Food Item

This study provides the first assessment of the diet of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) in the south-west portion of its range near the Victorian–South Australian border. Examining its diet in this region is viewed as being fundamental to understanding the ecological requirements of the species. Observations were conducted over a five-year period on gliders from five distinct groups. Sap was the most important food item throughout the year and accounted for 83% of 407 feeding observations. Each group of gliders used up to 21 different trees for sap, but during any sample period only 1–8 trees were used. This represents a vastly different pattern of use of sap trees to that described in any earlier study. Some trees were visited more often than others, and these tended to be heavily scarred, indicating use over many years. Other food types were arthropods and honeydew and, to a lesser extent, nectar. This study also revealed that the yellow- bellied glider is not dependent on a diversity of tree species nor on a winter-flowering species. We provide a review of the diet of the yellow-bellied glider throughout its range. This shows that the yellow-bellied glider is reliant on sap as a food resource but particularly so at both ends of its geographic range. The reason for this is unclear, but there is definitely a need for further study of sap-flow patterns in eucalypts.

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