Effect of Temperature on Development Rate, Survival and Fecundity of Cotton Tipworm, Crocidosema-Plebejana Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Hamilton ◽  
MP Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Female Weight

C. plebejana were reared from egg to adult at a range of constant temperatures. At 10-degrees-C no immature stages survived. Development rates increased over the temperature range 14-34-degrees-C; these were simulated with a non-linear model. Females emerged before males. Fecundity decreased with increased rearing temperature as a direct result of reduced adult female weight. At 34-degrees-C development rate and survival were reduced and all eggs laid were infertile. Optimum temperature for population increase was 28-degrees-C. Validation of a non-linear model for development rate shows that the species of host-plant affects mean development rates of tipworm. Although 5.3 tipworm generations are possible on cotton annually, only one occurs; reasons for this are suggested.

Estimation of development times for immature stages of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae), and their simulation from air temperature and solar radiation records

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
J.M. Walker ◽  
S Runko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Constant And Fluctuating Temperature

AbstractImmature stages of bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker, were reared at constant temperatures ranging from 18°C to 39°C. Mean egg to adult development times ranged from 7.0 to 25.8 days. Eggs, larval instars I, II and III, and pupae averaged, respectively, 3.1, 4.4, 5.5, 36.4 and 50.6% of the total development time. Mean development rate was a non-linear function of temperature. A non-linear development rate model accurately estimated mean development times of immature stages under both constant and fluctuating temperature regimes. Simulation of dung pad temperatures, from air temperature and solar radiation records, predicted development times of soil- and dunginhabiting stages of M. vetustissima to within 4% of those observed under field conditions.

scholarly journals Using the loess method to describe the effect of temperature on development rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Junhe ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Mingfu ◽  
Parajulee Megha N ◽  
Shi Peijian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Development Rates

Temperature has a significant influence on development rates of insects and mites. Many parametric models were built to describe the temperature-dependent development rates. However, these models provided different shapes of the curves of development rate versus temperature. For different datasets, investigators have to spend much time on considering which the parametric model is the best for describing the temperature-dependent development rates. In the present study, we encourage investigators to use an important non-parametric model, the loess method, which belongs to local regression methods. The loesS method is used to fit some published data on the development rate of aphids to check the goodness-of-fit. We find that the loess method is very flexible for fitting the given datasets. Thus, we consider that the loess method can be used to describe the effect of temperature on the development rate of insects or mites.

Simulation-Models for the Phenological Development of Mythimna-Convecta (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mcdonald
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Larvae of armyworm, Mythimna convecta, were reared under fluctuating temperatures (1-7-degrees; 3-13-degrees; 7-17-degrees; 11-24-degrees; 31-39-degrees-C). Data from these trials were combined with previsouly published data derived from constant-temperature studies (ranging from 15-degrees to 33-degrees-C) to model the effects of temperature on development rate. Temperature-dependent development rates for each of eight immature stages were described by one of three non-linear functions and by a linear model modified to improve the performance about the lower and upper temperature extremes. At the lower and upper thermal limits (< 11-degrees-C and > 33-degrees-C) of the species, survival of larvae under fluctuating temperatures was greater than recorded in previously published studies under equivalent constant temperatures. A serious constraint on fitting a model to the later larval instars was the inconsistent appearance of a seventh instar. The two sets of models were evaluated against field development in three winter and one summer experiments. The modified linear model, with capacity to manipulate predicted development at threshold temperatures, provided a marginally better prediction than did the non-linear model. The sine wave method for estimating diurnal temperatures from minimum and maximum temperatures was shown to produce overestimates of development rates. A correction factor for the seasonal conditions in western Victoria was provided.

Effect of temperature on life table parameters of Phytoseius plumifer (Phytoseiidae) fed on Eotetranychus hirsti (Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahanshir Shakarami ◽  
Fereshteh Bazgir
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Phytoseius Plumifer ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Eotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker (Tetranychidae) is one of the important pests of fig trees that is widely distributed in fig orchards of Iran. The predatory mite Phytoseius plumifer Canestrini & Fanzago is a phytoseiid mite on fig that can feed and reproduce on E. hirsti. The effect of four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) on demographic parameters of P. plumifer fed on nymphal stages of E. hirstiwas determined under laboratory conditions at 50 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The total developmental time of immature stages of this predator decreased with increasing temperature from 20°C to 35°C, and varied from 17.13±0.23 to 6.55±0.19 days for females. The lower temperature threshold (Tmin) and thermal constant (K) for the total immature stages of this predator was estimated 10.33˚C and 166.67 degree-days by the ordinary linear model, 11.17˚C and 147.87 degree-days by the Ikemoto linear model, respectively. Female longevity was 67.79, 47.00, 35.11, and 27.42 days at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively. The highest values of total fecundity and daily fecundity were obtained at 25˚C (35.71±1.73 eggs) and 30˚C (1.57±0.02 eggs), respectively. The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) increased as increasing temperature from 20°C (0.064±0.0012 day−1) to 30°C (0.180±0.0023 day−1), and then decreased at 35°C (0.153±0.0037 day−1). The highest and lowest values of the mean generation time (T) were 32.75±0.95 and 14.18±0.51 days, which were obtained at 20°C and 35°C, respectively. The results of this study revealed that of P. plumifer is effective predator of the fig spider mite and develops effectively at a broad range of temperatures.

The Effect of Temperature on the Immature Stages of Culiseta inornata (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Laboratory

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hanec ◽  
R. A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Culiseta Inornata

AbstractA study was initiated to determine the effects of various constant and alternating temperatures on the survival and development of the immature stages of Culiseta inornata (Williston). Eggs did not hatch at 2° and 5 °C. but at 10°, 15°, 21° and 26 °C. between 83 and 96% hatched. Larvae required up to 239 days to reach the pupal stage at 5 °C. but no adults emerged at this temperature. The optimum temperature for rearing C. inornata was near 21 °C. Temperatures below 21 °C. caused an extended period of development; above 21 °C. high mortality occurred among late instar larvae and pupae.

scholarly journals Influence of the Porosity of Polymer Foams on the Performances of Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Bilent ◽  
Thi Hong Nhung Dinh ◽  
Emile Martincic ◽  
Pierre-Yves Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
First Order ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensors

This paper reports on the study of microporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams as a highly deformable dielectric material used in the composition of flexible capacitive pressure sensors dedicated to wearable use. A fabrication process allowing the porosity of the foams to be adjusted was proposed and the fabricated foams were characterized. Then, elementary capacitive pressure sensors (15 × 15 mm2 square shaped electrodes) were elaborated with fabricated foams (5 mm or 10 mm thick) and were electromechanically characterized. Since the sensor responses under load are strongly non-linear, a behavioral non-linear model (first order exponential) was proposed, adjusted to the experimental data, and used to objectively estimate the sensor performances in terms of sensitivity and measurement range. The main conclusions of this study are that the porosity of the PDMS foams can be adjusted through the sugar:PDMS volume ratio and the size of sugar crystals used to fabricate the foams. Additionally, the porosity of the foams significantly modified the sensor performances. Indeed, compared to bulk PDMS sensors of the same size, the sensitivity of porous PDMS sensors could be multiplied by a factor up to 100 (the sensitivity is 0.14 %.kPa−1 for a bulk PDMS sensor and up to 13.7 %.kPa−1 for a porous PDMS sensor of the same dimensions), while the measurement range was reduced from a factor of 2 to 3 (from 594 kPa for a bulk PDMS sensor down to between 255 and 177 kPa for a PDMS foam sensor of the same dimensions, according to the porosity). This study opens the way to the design and fabrication of wearable flexible pressure sensors with adjustable performances through the control of the porosity of the fabricated PDMS foams.

Analysis of Single Buffer Random Polling System With State-Dependent Input Process and Server/Station Breakdowns

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Polling System ◽  
Steady State Analysis ◽  
Relaxation System ◽  
Polling Model ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
State Analysis

Models and analytical techniques are developed to evaluate the performance of two variations of single buffers (conventional and buffer relaxation system) multiple queues system. In the conventional system, each queue can have at most one customer at any time and newly arriving customers find the buffer full are lost. In the buffer relaxation system, the queue being served may have two customers, while each of the other queues may have at most one customer. Thomas Y.S. Lee developed a state-dependent non-linear model of uncertainty for analyzing a random polling system with server breakdown/repair, multi-phase service, correlated input processes, and single buffers. The state-dependent non-linear model of uncertainty introduced in this paper allows us to incorporate correlated arrival processes where the customer arrival rate depends on the location of the server and/or the server's mode of operation into the polling model. The author allows the possibility that the server is unreliable. Specifically, when the server visits a queue, Lee assumes that the system is subject to two types of failures: queue-dependent, and general. General failures are observed upon server arrival at a queue. But there are two possibilities that a queue-dependent breakdown (if occurs) can be observed; (i) is observed immediately when it occurs and (ii) is observed only at the end of the current service. In both cases, a repair process is initiated immediately after the queue-dependent breakdown is observed. The author's model allows the possibility of the server breakdowns/repair process to be non-stationary in the number of breakdowns/repairs to reflect that breakdowns/repairs or customer processing may be progressively easier or harder, or that they follow a more general learning curve. Thomas Y.S. Lee will show that his model encompasses a variety of examples. He was able to perform both transient and steady state analysis. The steady state analysis allows us to compute several performance measures including the average customer waiting time, loss probability, throughput and mean cycle time.

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