Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41

Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites are byproducts of gut microbial metabolism that are known to affect host physiology via host G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs). We previously showed that an acute SCFA bolus decreases blood pressure (BP) in anesthetized mice, an effect mediated primarily via Gpr41. In this study, our aims were to identify the cellular localization of Gpr41 and to determine its role in BP regulation. We localized Gpr41 to the vascular endothelium using RT-PCR: Gpr41 is detected in intact vessels (with endothelium) but is absent from denuded vessels (without endothelium). Furthermore, using pressure myography we confirmed that SCFAs dilate resistance vessels in an endothelium-dependent manner. Since we previously found that Gpr41 mediates a hypotensive response to acute SCFA administration, we hypothesized that Gpr41 knockout (KO) mice would be hypertensive. Here, we report that Gpr41 KO mice have isolated systolic hypertension compared with wild-type (WT) mice; diastolic BP was not different between WT and KO. Older Gpr41 KO mice also exhibited elevated pulse wave velocity, consistent with a phenotype of systolic hypertension; however, there was no increase in ex vivo aorta stiffness (measured by mechanical tensile testing). Plasma renin concentrations were also similar in KO and WT mice. The systolic hypertension in Gpr41 KO is not salt sensitive, as it is not significantly altered on either a high- or low-salt diet. In sum, these studies suggest that endothelial Gpr41 lowers baseline BP, likely by decreasing active vascular tone without altering passive characteristics of the blood vessels, and that Gpr41 KO mice have hypertension of a vascular origin.

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Peran mikrobiota usus dalam perkembangan obesitas

Majalah Kedokteran Andalas ◽

10.25077/mka.v42.i1.p41-49.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Susmiati Susmiati

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

G Protein ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽

Short Chain ◽

G Protein Coupled

Sampai sekarang etiologi obesitas masih belum jelas dan masih diperdebatkan. Baru-baru ini mikrobiota usus dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor yang berperan terhadap kejadian obesitas. Tujuan: Untuk membahas tentang peran mikrobiota usus terhadap kejadian obesitas. Metode: Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan review beberapa literature yang berhubungan dengan peran mikrobiota usus baik pada hewan coba maupun pada manusia dengan berbagai metode penelitian. Hasil: Pada penelusuran literature didapatkan peran mikrobiota usus terhadap kejadian obesitas dapat melalui beberapa mekanisme yaitu melalui jalur metabolik, inflamasi dan hormonal. Jalur metabolik dengan peningkatan produksi Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), perubahan metabolisme asam empedu dan FXR/TGR5 signaling, jalur inflamasi dengan peningkatan lipopolisakarida (LPS) dan endocannabinoid (eCB) system yang mengatur metabolisme dan rasa lapar melalui microbiota-gut-brain axis serta jalur hormonal yaitu penekanan fiaf, peningkatan Peptide YY (PYY), dan ekspresi dari G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Simpulan: Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan mekanisme utama peran mikrobiota terhadap perkembangan obesitas dapat melalui jalur metabolik, inflamasi, maupun hormonal.

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A combined administration of ampicillin and vancomycin induces mild colitis with decreased diversity of gut microbiota and perturbation of glutamine and short chain fatty acid metabolisms.

10.26226/morressier.59a6b343d462b80290b5437a ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Akira Sonoda

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Combined Administration

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Both living and dead Faecalibacterium prausnitzii alleviate HDM ‐induced allergic asthma through the modulation of gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acid ( SCFAs ) production

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.11207 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenbing Hu ◽

Wenwei Lu ◽

Lingzhi Li ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Yuan‐kun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

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WITHDRAWN: G protein-coupled receptor 120 in mediating the regulation effect of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid on human adipocytes

Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.jocit.2018.02.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Li ◽

Xuefeng Li ◽

Yuwen Wu ◽

Qi Huang ◽

Li Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

G Protein ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Human Adipocytes ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Regulation Effect ◽

G Protein Coupled ◽

Long Chain

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The use of disinfectant in barn cleaning alters microbial composition and increases carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens

10.1101/2021.10.29.466552 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Fan ◽

Andrew Forgie ◽

Tingting Ju ◽

Camila Marcolla ◽

Tom Inglis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Commercial Chicken ◽

Cecal Microbiota

To maintain food safety and flock health in broiler chicken production, biosecurity approaches to keep chicken barns free of pathogens are important. Canadian broiler chicken producers must deep clean their barns with chemical disinfectants at least once annually (full disinfection; FD) and may wash with water (water-wash; WW) throughout the year. However, many producers use FD after each flock, assuming a greater efficacy of more stringent cleaning protocols, although little information is known regarding how these two cleaning practices affect pathogen population and gut microbiota. In the current study, a cross-over experiment over four production cycles was conducted in seven commercial chicken barns to compare WW and FD. We evaluated the effects of barn cleaning method on the commercial broiler performance, cecal microbiota composition, pathogen occurrence and abundance, as well as short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the month-old broiler gut. The 30-day body weight and mortality rate were not affected by the barn cleaning methods. The WW resulted in a modest but significant effect on the structure of broiler cecal microbiota (weighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.05, and unweighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.01), with notable reductions in Campylobacter jejuni occurrence and abundance. In addition, the WW group had increased cecal acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which were negatively correlated with C. jejuni abundance. Our results support the use of WW over FD to enhance the activity of the gut microbiota and potentially reduce zoonotic transmission of C. jejuni in broiler production without previous disease challenges.

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