scholarly journals Redistribution of soil water by a saprotrophic fungus enhances carbon mineralization

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14647-14651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Guhr ◽  
Werner Borken ◽  
Marie Spohn ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Soil Desiccation ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungus ◽  
Soil Microbial

The desiccation of upper soil horizons is a common phenomenon, leading to a decrease in soil microbial activity and mineralization. Recent studies have shown that fungal communities and fungal-based food webs are less sensitive and better adapted to soil desiccation than bacterial-based food webs. One reason for a better fungal adaptation to soil desiccation may be hydraulic redistribution of water by mycelia networks. Here we show that a saprotrophic fungus (Agaricus bisporus) redistributes water from moist (–0.03 MPa) into dry (–9.5 MPa) soil at about 0.3 cm⋅min−1 in single hyphae, resulting in an increase in soil water potential after 72 h. The increase in soil moisture by hydraulic redistribution significantly enhanced carbon mineralization by 2,800% and enzymatic activity by 250–350% in the previously dry soil compartment within 168 h. Our results demonstrate that hydraulic redistribution can partly compensate water deficiency if water is available in other zones of the mycelia network. Hydraulic redistribution is likely one of the mechanisms behind higher drought resistance of soil fungi compared with bacteria. Moreover, hydraulic redistribution by saprotrophic fungi is an underrated pathway of water transport in soils and may lead to a transfer of water to zones of high fungal activity.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of Biogas Digestates Determines Their Effect on Soil Microbial Activity

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Nielsen ◽  
Christina-Luise Roß ◽  
Marieke Hoffmann ◽  
Andreas Muskolus ◽  
Frank Ellmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Different Soils

Digestates are commonly used as organic inputs in agriculture. This study aimed to answer four questions: (1) What are the immediate and longer-term impacts of digestates on soil microbial activity?; (2) How much of the digestates’ carbon is mineralized within the first months? (3) How do the nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents of digestates influence microbial activity and carbon mineralization? (4) How does the soil type influence mineralization? To investigate this, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was measured in a field trial and in laboratory experiments with five digestates (DGs), cattle slurry, and cattle manure. DHA measurements were supplemented with soil respiration experiments using two different soils. DHA was significantly increased by all organic inputs, but decreased back to the control level within seven months under field conditions. Twenty percent to 44% of the organic carbon (Corg) in the digestates was converted to CO2 after 178 days. Soil respiration was significantly negatively correlated to lignin content (r = −0.82, p < 0.01) and not correlated to nitrogen, cellulose, or hemicellulose content. On the basis of equal carbon application, slurry promoted soil respiration and DHA more strongly than digestates in the short term.

Patterns of fungal colonisation of cereal straw in soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Naresh Magan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Rapid Stimulation

SynopsisThe microbial populations on cereal straw at harvest are characteristic of the phylloplane. Incorporation of straw into soil represents an enrichment disturbance and results in a rapid stimulation of soil microbial activity. The dominant fungal colonists of the straw in soil were found to vary with soil water potential over a twenty-eight week period of incorporation. The dominant fungal genera were Penicillium and Mucor, followed by Gliocladium, Fusarium and Trichoderma. Basidiomycetes were only isolated from straw in a wet (−0.1 MPa) soil. Prior inoculation of straw with Gliocladium roseum (Link) Banier resulted in changes in the dominance of these fungi, particularly in a dry soil. In vitro data on spore germination, germ tube extension and growth of these soil fungi on agar media were not correlated with those on unsterile straw leaf sheaths or sterile straw segments.

scholarly journals Hydraulic redistribution affects modeled carbon cycling via soil microbial activity and suppressed fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 3472-3485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congsheng Fu ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Kenneth Bible ◽  
Michael L. Goulden ◽  
Scott R. Saleska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Organic carbon mineralization of the biochar and organic compost of poultry litter in an Argisol

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3167-3184
Author(s):  
Gilvanise Alves Tito ◽  
◽  
Josely Dantas Fernandes ◽  
Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽  
Hugo Orlando Carvallo Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Organic Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Co2 Mineralization ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Organic Compost

The dynamics of the organic residues added to the soil are closely related to its mineralization rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the organic carbon mineralization in soil samples incubated with different doses of biochar and organic compost from poultry litter. Carbon mineralization was evaluated experimentally by measuring the C-CO2 liberated by incubating 200 g of soil mixed with different doses 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha-1 of both biochar and organic compost for 61 days. The soil microbial activity, and consequently the carbon mineralization, increased with the application of doses of biochar and organic compost from the poultry litter. The highest C-CO2 mineralization was observed in the treatments that received organic compost. The carbon mineralization process followed chemical kinetics with two simultaneous reactions. The greatest amount of released and accumulated C-CO2 was observed in the soil incubated with 15 and 20 t ha-1 of organic compost from the poultry litter. The doses of biochar did not influence the content of mineralized carbon; this behavior was not verified with the use of this compost, whose highest content corresponded to 85.69 mg kg-1, applying 20 t ha-1.

The use of hydromulches in organic farming: Effect on different soil parameters in Central Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Sara González-Mora ◽  
Concepción Atance ◽  
Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Soil Microbial

&lt;p&gt;In recent years, the problem arising from the weed control in perennial crops is increasing, both in young woody crops during the first years of cultivation and in established plantations. The control of weeds through herbicides, the most widespread practice, presents many inconveniences, among which we can mention the appearance of weeds resistant or tolerant to them, crop phytotoxicities, especially in young plantations, or the significant reduction in the active materials allowed. Another aspect to take into account is the search for techniques that allow saving crop water consumption by reducing soil evaporation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in this work we evaluate the effect of three mixtures based on by-products derived from the agricultural sector, mixed with a binder and recycled paper paste and applied in liquid form on the ground with subsequent solidification (hydromulch), on different soil parameters (soil water content, temperatura and flow of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) in a young olive plantation in containers of 700 liters capacity. Additionally, two control treatments were included (manual weeding and a no-weeding treatments).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In summary, and as preliminary results, hydromulches increased the soil water content, reduced slightly the soil temperature in the summer season and increased the flow of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, indicative of a higher soil microbial activity, closely related with the air temperature and the soil moisture. These preliminary results position hydromulches as an interesting alternative to herbicides and the conventional plastic mulches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;: hydromulches, soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flow, soil temperatura, soil water content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;: Project RTA2015-00047-C05-03 - INIA (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Biochar-Compost Interactions as Affected by Weathering: Effects on Biological Stability and Plant Growth

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Liesse Aubertin ◽  
Cyril Girardin ◽  
Sabine Houot ◽  
Cécile Nobile ◽  
David Houben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Carbon Retention ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Biochar addition to compost is of growing interest as soil amendment. However, little is known about the evolution of material properties of biochar-compost mixtures and their effect on plants after exposure to physical weathering. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of fresh and weathered biochar-compost mixtures, their biological stability and their effect on ryegrass growth. To this end, we used the contrasting stable isotope signatures of biochar and compost to follow their behavior in biochar-compost mixtures subjected to artificial weathering during 1-year of incubation. We assessed their impact on ryegrass growth during a 4-week greenhouse pot experiment. Weathering treatment resulted in strong leaching of labile compounds. However, biochar-compost interactions led to reduced mass loss and fixed carbon retention during weathering of mixtures. Moreover, weathering increased carbon mineralization of biochar-compost mixtures, probably due to the protection of labile compounds from compost within biochar structure, as well as leaching of labile biochar compounds inhibiting microbial activity. After soil application, weathered mixtures could have positive effects on biomass production. We conclude that biochar-compost interactions on soil microbial activity and plant growth are evolving after physical weathering depending on biochar production conditions.

Effect of Soil Water Potential of Two Soils on Soybean Emergence 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Heatherly ◽  
W. J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential

scholarly journals Forest defoliator pests alter carbon and nitrogen cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne l-M-Arnold ◽  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Annett-Barbara Reinhardt ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Climate change may foster pest epidemics in forests, and thereby the fluxes of elements that are indicators of ecosystem functioning. We examined compounds of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in insect faeces, leaf litter, throughfall and analysed the soils of deciduous oak forests ( Quercus petraea  L.) that were heavily infested by the leaf herbivores winter moth ( Operophtera brumata  L.) and mottled umber ( Erannis defoliaria  L.). In infested forests, total net canopy-to-soil fluxes of C and N deriving from insect faeces, leaf litter and throughfall were 30- and 18-fold higher compared with uninfested oak forests, with 4333 kg C ha −1 and 319 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during a pest outbreak over 3 years. In infested forests, C and N levels in soil solutions were enhanced and C/N ratios in humus layers were reduced indicating an extended canopy-to-soil element pathway compared with the non-infested forests. In a microcosm incubation experiment, soil treatments with insect faeces showed 16-fold higher fluxes of carbon dioxide and 10-fold higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon compared with soil treatments without added insect faeces (control). Thus, the deposition of high rates of nitrogen and rapidly decomposable carbon compounds in the course of forest pest epidemics appears to stimulate soil microbial activity (i.e. heterotrophic respiration), and therefore, may represent an important mechanism by which climate change can initiate a carbon cycle feedback.

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