scholarly journals Delineating ecologically significant taxonomic units from global patterns of marine picocyanobacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. E3365-E3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Farrant ◽  
Hugo Doré ◽  
Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo ◽  
Frédéric Partensky ◽  
Morgane Ratin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
Taxonomic Marker ◽  
Tight Correlation

ProchlorococcusandSynechococcusare the two most abundant and widespread phytoplankton in the global ocean. To better understand the factors controlling their biogeography, a reference database of the high-resolution taxonomic markerpetB, encoding cytochromeb6, was used to recruit reads out of 109 metagenomes from theTaraOceans expedition. An unsuspected novel genetic diversity was unveiled within both genera, even for the most abundant and well-characterized clades, and 136 divergentpetBsequences were successfully assembled from metagenomic reads, significantly enriching the reference database. We then defined Ecologically Significant Taxonomic Units (ESTUs)—that is, organisms belonging to the same clade and occupying a common oceanic niche. Three major ESTU assemblages were identified along the cruise transect forProchlorococcusand eight forSynechococcus. AlthoughProchlorococcusHLIIIA and HLIVA ESTUs codominated in iron-depleted areas of the Pacific Ocean, CRD1 and the yet-to-be cultured EnvB were the prevalentSynechococcusclades in this area, with three different CRD1 and EnvB ESTUs occupying distinct ecological niches with regard to iron availability and temperature. Sharp community shifts were also observed over short geographic distances—for example, around the Marquesas Islands or between southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans—pointing to a tight correlation between ESTU assemblages and specific physico-chemical parameters. Together, this study demonstrates that there is a previously overlooked, ecologically meaningful, fine-scale diversity within some currently defined picocyanobacterial ecotypes, bringing novel insights into the ecology, diversity, and biology of the two most abundant phototrophs on Earth.

New sciaphilic plakinids (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha) from the Central-Western Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4466 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANAÍRA LAGE ◽  
GUILHERME MURICY ◽  
CÉSAR RUIZ ◽  
THIERRY PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Submarine Caves

The sponge class Homoscleromorpha is a key model for the evolutionary biology of the Metazoa but its diversity remains poorly known. Here we describe six new species of the homoscleromorph family Plakinidae found in shaded habitats (submarine caves, tunnels and overhangs) of New Caledonia and Marquesas Islands, Central-Western Pacific. The new species belong to four genera: Corticium (Corticium vaceleti sp. nov.), Plakina (Plakina finispinata sp. nov.), Plakinastrella (Plakinastrella osculifera sp. nov., Plakinastrella nicoleae sp. nov. and Plakinastrella pseudolopha sp. nov.), and Plakortis (Plakortis ruetzleri sp. nov.). Plakinastrella pseudolopha sp. nov. has a novel spicule type called here ‘pseudolophose spicules’. The diversity of Homoscleromorpha is raised to 50 species in the Pacific Ocean and 120 spp. worldwide. 

scholarly journals Особенности спектров ЯМР -=SUP=-63,65-=/SUP=-Cu в локальном поле образцов полупроводникового минерала CuFeS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- из сульфидных месторождений океана

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
В.Л. Матухин ◽  
А.И. Погорельцев ◽  
А.Н. Гавриленко ◽  
С.О. Гарькавый ◽  
Е.В. Шмидт ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Island Arcs ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Asymmetric Shape ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Sulfides

AbstractThe results of studying natural samples of CuFeS_2 chalcopyrite mineral from hydrothermal ore manifestations of island arcs of the Pacific Ocean by ^63Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (^63Cu NMR) in a local field at room temperature are presented. The asymmetric shape of the detected resonance lines in the ^63Cu NMR spectrum indicates the presence of at least two overlapping lines. The presence of two overlapping central components can be a consequence of the occurrence of regions with different types of structural distortion near the resonant nuclei. These results show that the pulsed ^63Cu NMR method can be an effective method for studying the physical properties of deep-sea polymetallic sulfides of the global ocean.

Revision of the genusMegasyllis(Annelida, Syllidae) with descriptions of four new species

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo San Martín ◽  
María Teresa Aguado ◽  
Patricia Álvarez-Campos
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
San Martín

The genusMegasyllisis herein reorganized excluding the size from the diagnosis, since it is not a characteristic of all the species of the genus. We provide here a taxonomic account of all known species and a key to species identification. Seven species are new combinations, and re-descriptions of the four latter are included:Megasyllis nipponica(Imajima, 1966) andM. multiannulata(Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, 2008) from Japan;Megasyllis procera(Hartman, 1965) from the Atlantic;Megasyllis pseudoheterosetosa(Böggemann & Westheide, 2004) from the Indian Ocean.Megasyllis glandulosa(Augener, 1913), from Australia;Megasyllis marquesensis(Monro, 1939) from the Marquesas Islands, Micronesia andMegasyllis subantennata(Hartmann-Schröder, 1984) from Australia. Four new species from the Pacific Ocean namelyMegasyllis tigrinasp. nov.,Megasyllis mariandreworumsp. nov. (both from Australia),Megasyllis chrissyaesp. nov. (from the Philippines) andMegasyllis eduardoisp. nov. (from New Zealand) are described.

The Variable Southern Ocean Carbon Sink

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gruber ◽  
Peter Landschützer ◽  
Nicole S. Lovenduski
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Southward Shift ◽  
Storage Rate ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Decadal Predictions

The CO2uptake by the Southern Ocean (<35°S) varies substantially on all timescales and is a major determinant of the variations of the global ocean carbon sink. Particularly strong are the decadal changes characterized by a weakening period of the Southern Ocean carbon sink in the 1990s and a rebound after 2000. The weakening in the 1990s resulted primarily from a southward shift of the westerlies that enhanced the upwelling and outgassing of respired (i.e., natural) CO2. The concurrent reduction in the storage rate of anthropogenic CO2in the mode and intermediate waters south of 35°S suggests that this shift also decreased the uptake of anthropogenic CO2. The rebound and the subsequent strong, decade-long reinvigoration of the carbon sink appear to have been driven by cooling in the Pacific Ocean, enhanced stratification in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors, and a reduced overturning. Current-generation ocean models generally do not reproduce these variations and are poorly skilled at making decadal predictions in this region.

Going Big in the Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Hanich ◽  
Clive Schofield ◽  
Chris Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of large-scale marine protected areas in the Pacific Ocean is fundamental to the achievement of global marine conservation targets. The threatened nature of the global ocean is emphasised, the evolution of global spatial targets for marine conservation outlined and the implementation of large-scale marine protected areas in Australia and the Pacific Ocean more broadly is reviewed. The article concludes with some reflections on the efficacy of such mechanisms in the Pacific.

scholarly journals Persistence of deeply sourced iron in the Pacific Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1292-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan J. Horner ◽  
Helen M. Williams ◽  
James R. Hein ◽  
Mak A. Saito ◽  
Kevin W. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Biological carbon fixation is limited by the supply of Fe in vast regions of the global ocean. Dissolved Fe in seawater is primarily sourced from continental mineral dust, submarine hydrothermalism, and sediment dissolution along continental margins. However, the relative contributions of these three sources to the Fe budget of the open ocean remains contentious. By exploiting the Fe stable isotopic fingerprints of these sources, it is possible to trace distinct Fe pools through marine environments, and through time using sedimentary records. We present a reconstruction of deep-sea Fe isotopic compositions from a Pacific Fe−Mn crust spanning the past 76 My. We find that there have been large and systematic changes in the Fe isotopic composition of seawater over the Cenozoic that reflect the influence of several, distinct Fe sources to the central Pacific Ocean. Given that deeply sourced Fe from hydrothermalism and marginal sediment dissolution exhibit the largest Fe isotopic variations in modern oceanic settings, the record requires that these deep Fe sources have exerted a major control over the Fe inventory of the Pacific for the past 76 My. The persistence of deeply sourced Fe in the Pacific Ocean illustrates that multiple sources contribute to the total Fe budget of the ocean and highlights the importance of oceanic circulation in determining if deeply sourced Fe is ever ventilated at the surface.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Moanabacter tarae,” Representing a Novel Marine Verrucomicrobial Lineage

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Vosseberg ◽  
Joran Martijn ◽  
Thijs J. G. Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Marine Environmental

The Tara Oceans Consortium has published various metagenomes of marine environmental samples. Here, we report a contig of 2.6 Mbp from the assembly of a sample collected near the Marquesas Islands in the Pacific Ocean, covering a nearly complete novel verrucomicrobial genome.

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