scholarly journals Adolescents’ perceptions of family social status correlate with health and life chances: A twin difference longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23323-23328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Rivenbark ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Children from lower-income households are at increased risk for poor health, educational failure, and behavioral problems. This social gradient is one of the most reproduced findings in health and social science. How people view their position in social hierarchies also signals poor health. However, when adolescents’ views of their social position begin to independently relate to well-being is currently unknown. A cotwin design was leveraged to test whether adolescents with identical family backgrounds, but who viewed their family’s social status as higher than their same-aged and sex sibling, experienced better well-being in early and late adolescence. Participants were members of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a representative cohort of British twins (n= 2,232) followed across the first 2 decades of life. By late adolescence, perceptions of subjective family social status (SFSS) robustly correlated with multiple indicators of health and well-being, including depression; anxiety; conduct problems; marijuana use; optimism; not in education, employment, or training (NEET) status; and crime. Findings held controlling for objective socioeconomic status both statistically and by cotwin design after accounting for measures of childhood intelligence (IQ), negative affect, and prior mental health risk and when self-report, informant report, and administrative data were used. Little support was found for the biological embedding of adolescents’ perceptions of familial social status as indexed by inflammatory biomarkers or cognitive tests in late adolescence or for SFSS in early adolescence as a robust correlate of well-being or predictor of future problems. Future experimental studies are required to test whether altering adolescents’ subjective social status will lead to improved well-being and social mobility.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Bipolar Experiences and Suicide Risk: Well-Being and Mental Health Difficulties as Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3024
Author(s):  
Ascensión Fumero ◽  
Rosario J. Marrero ◽  
Alicia Pérez-Albéniz ◽  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Bipolar disorder is usually accompanied by a high suicide risk. The main aim was to identify the risk and protective factors involved in suicide risk in adolescents with bipolar experiences. Of a total of 1506 adolescents, 467 (31%) were included in the group reporting bipolar experiences or symptoms, 214 males (45.8%) and 253 (54.2%) females. The mean age was 16.22 (SD = 1.36), with the age range between 14 and 19. Suicide risk, behavioral and emotional difficulties, prosocial capacities, well-being, and bipolar experiences were assessed through self-report. Mediation analyses, taking gender as a moderator and controlling age as a covariate, were applied to estimate suicide risk. The results indicated that the effect of bipolar experiences on suicide risk is mediated by behavioral and emotional difficulties rather than by prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. Specifically, emotional problems, problems with peers, behavior problems, and difficulties associated with hyperactivity were the most important variables. This relationship was not modulated by gender. However, the indirect effects of some mediators varied according to gender. These results support the development of suicide risk prevention strategies focused on reducing emotional difficulties, behavioral problems, and difficulties in relationships with others.

Tobacco-Free Environment: An Imperative for the Health of Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-868
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Free Environment

1. Tobacco is a major health hazard to children and adolescents. 2. Maternal use of tobacco has significant adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal outcome. 3. Exposure to ETS has major effects on the health and psychosocial well-being of children. 4. Tobacco use by children is associated with chronic and recurrent medical problems as well as with increased risk for significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, tobacco use may be a marker for youth at risk for other behavioral problems. 5. Nicotine is an addicting substance and may serve as a gateway drug for the subsequent use of illicit substances. 6. Tobacco advertising is appealing to young people and may have a powerful effect in influencing them to begin tobacco experimentation. 7. A tobacco-free environment is an imperative for the health of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Three pathways from anger dysregulation to lower social status among chinese boys

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Charles Matthew Stapleton ◽  
Yeh Hsueh ◽  
Robert Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Peer Nominations

During middle childhood, Chinese boys are particularly at risk to develop both externalizing (e.g., overt aggression) and internalizing behavioral problems (e.g., social withdrawal). A possible contributor to these problems is that boys cannot regulate their anger very well. Inability to manage anger may cause a particular social challenge for Chinese boys. Open expression of anger may be prohibited by prevailing Chinese cultural norms, because it emphasizes individuality over harmony. But anger is a socially disengaging emotion which works against social harmony. This situation requires Chinese boys to manage and express anger appropriately in social interactions. Based on the hierarchical model of social relationships and the three trends of human interactions, this study examined three pathways—aggression, social withdrawal, and sociability-leadership—that lead from Chinese boys’ anger dysregulation to their lower social status among peers at school. Participants of this study were 267 boys in Grades 3-6 from an elementary school in urban China. A self-report questionnaire of anger dysregulation was used to evaluate how often Chinese boys express their anger in dysregulated ways (e.g., attacking things or people). Peer nominations were used to measure children’s overt aggression (moving against peers), social withdrawal (moving away from peers), and sociability-leadership (moving toward peers). Social status was assessed by a sociometric measure which evaluates the degree to which children were liked by their classmates. Results showed that boys’ anger dysregulation was negatively associated with their social status. Moreover, aggression, social withdrawal, and social skills fully mediated this association. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanisms linking anger dysregulation to lower social status and provides practical implications to help Chinese boys improve social and emotional functioning in middle childhood.

Concordance of Parent- and Child-Reported Physical Abuse Following Child Protective Services Investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Kobulsky ◽  
Nancy Jo Kepple ◽  
Megan R. Holmes ◽  
David L. Hussey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Attribution Bias ◽  
Parent Child

Knowledge about the concordance of parent- and child-reported child physical abuse is scarce, leaving researchers and practitioners with little guidance on the implications of selecting either informant. Drawing from a 2008–2009 sample of 11- to 17-year-olds ( N = 636) from Wave 1 of the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, this study first examined parent–child concordance in physical abuse reporting (Parent–Child Conflict Tactic Scale). Second, it applied multivariate regression analysis to relate parent–child agreement in physical abuse to parent-reported (Child Behavior Checklist) and child-reported (Youth Self Report) child behavioral problems. Results indicate low parent–child concordance of physical abuse (κ = .145). Coreporting of physical abuse was related to clinical-level parent-reported externalizing problems ([Formula: see text] = 64.57), whereas child-only reports of physical abuse were the only agreement category related to child-reported internalizing problems ( B = 4.17, p < .001). Attribution bias theory may further understanding of reporting concordance and its implications.

scholarly journals Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study to Rule Out Noncausal Explanations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Schaefer ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Thought Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Adolescence is the peak age for both victimization and mental disorder onset. Previous research has reported associations between victimization exposure and many psychiatric conditions. However, causality remains controversial. Within the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested whether seven types of adolescent victimization increased risk of multiple psychiatric conditions and approached causal inference by systematically ruling out noncausal explanations. Longitudinal within-individual analyses showed that victimization was followed by increased mental health problems over a childhood baseline of emotional/behavioral problems. Discordant-twin analyses showed that victimization increased risk of mental health problems independent of family background and genetic risk. Both childhood and adolescent victimization made unique contributions to risk. Victimization predicted heightened generalized liability (the “p factor”) to multiple psychiatric spectra, including internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders. Results recommend violence reduction and identification and treatment of adolescent victims to reduce psychiatric burden.

Maternal Distress and Infant Social Withdrawal (ADBB) Following Infant Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Re ◽  
Suzanne Dean ◽  
Jimmy Mullaert ◽  
Antoine Guedeney ◽  
Samuel Menahem
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Mothers and infants are exposed to multiple stresses when cardiac surgery is required for the infant. This study reviewed infant responsiveness using a standardized objective observational measure of social withdrawal and explored its association with measures of maternal distress. Methods: Mother–infant pairs involving infants surviving early cardiac surgery were assessed when the infant was aged two months. Infant social withdrawal was measured using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale. Maternal distress was assessed using self-report measures for maternal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale), and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index–Short Form). Potential associations between infant social withdrawal and maternal distress were evaluated. Results: High levels of maternal distress and infant social withdrawal were identified relative to community norms with a positive association. Such an association was not found between infant social withdrawal and the cardiac abnormality and surgery performed. Conclusion: The vulnerability of infants requiring cardiac surgery may be better understood when factors beyond their medical condition are considered. The findings suggested an association between maternal distress and infant social withdrawal, which may be consistent with mothers’ distress placing infants subjected to cardiac surgery at substantially increased risk of social withdrawal. However, it is unclear to what extent infant withdrawal may trigger maternal distress and what the interactive effects are. Further research is warranted. Trialing a mother–infant support program may be helpful in alleviating distress and improving the well-being and outcomes for these families.

scholarly journals Association of inflammation with depression and anxiety: evidence for symptom-specificity and potential causality from UK Biobank and NESDA cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Milaneschi ◽  
Nils Kappelmann ◽  
Zheng Ye ◽  
Femke Lamers ◽  
Sylvain Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

AbstractWe examined whether inflammation is uniformly associated with all depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether these associations are potentially causal. Data was from 147,478 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB) and 2,905 from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in both cohorts and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in NESDA. Genetic instruments for these proteins were obtained from published GWAS and UKB. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with self-report questionnaires. In NESDA, neurovegetative (appetite, sleep, psychomotor) symptoms were disaggregated as increased vs. decreased. In joint analyses, higher CRP was associated with depressive symptoms of depressed mood (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05–1.08), altered appetite (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.23–1.28), sleep problems (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.04–1.06), and fatigue (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.11–1.14), and with anxiety symptoms of irritability (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05–1.08) and worrying control (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02–1.04). In NESDA, higher IL-6 was additionally associated with anhedonia (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52). Higher levels of both CRP (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.13–1.43) and IL-6 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.49) were associated with increased sleep. Higher CRP was associated with increased appetite (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.35) while higher IL-6 with decreased appetite (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.18–1.79). In Mendelian Randomisation analyses, genetically predicted higher IL-6 activity was associated with increased risk of fatigue (estimate = 0.25, SE = 0.08) and sleep problems (estimate = 0.19, SE = 0.07). Inflammation was associated with core depressive symptoms of low mood and anhedonia and somatic/neurovegetative symptoms of fatigue, altered sleep and appetite changes. Less consistent associations were found for anxiety. The IL-6/IL-6R pathway could be causally linked to depression. Experimental studies are required to further evaluate causality, mechanisms, and usefulness of immunotherapies for depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Acceptability of an Interactive Mental Well-Being Intervention for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Pilot Mixed Methods Study

10.2196/15190 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e15190
Author(s):  
Leen Vereenooghe ◽  
Kristian Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background The availability of both digital and traditional mental well-being interventions is rising, but these interventions typically do not consider people with intellectual disabilities as potential users. Objective The study aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a new digital intervention, developed with and for people with intellectual disabilities, to improve their subjective well-being. Methods Using a single-group pre-post design, participants with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers completed the 4-week intervention. Mixed methods questionnaires assessed the acceptability of the intervention, in addition to self-report and proxy-report measures of subjective well-being and behavioral problems. Results A total of 12 men with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities enrolled in and completed the study alongside 8 caregivers. Participant acceptability of the intervention was high, and feedback covered multiple aspects of the intervention, including (1) program concept and design, (2) program content, and (3) intervention usage. Self-rated mood barometers indicated mood improvements for 5 participants, deteriorations for 2 participants, and no observed changes for the remaining participants. Statistical analyses yielded no difference from pretest (median=79; range 39-86) to posttest (median=79; range 21-96) for subjective well-being in people with intellectual disabilities (W=10.5; P=.17) and for behavioral problems (W=14; P=.05). Conclusions People with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers are receptive to using digital well-being interventions, and this research shows such interventions to be feasible in routine practice. Given the acceptability of the intervention, its potential efficacy can now be evaluated in people with intellectual disabilities and symptoms of reduced mental well-being.

scholarly journals The role of mental health to overcoming the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ira Aini Dania ◽  
Nanda Novziransyah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Increased Risk

The current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the order of social life; the efforts made to tackle this pandemic have sometimes raised various obstacles related to norms, ethics and culture. An increased risk of COVID-19-associated mental disorders is found in many communities, causing excessive emotional reactions such as feelings of pressure, leading to unhealthy behavior. This situation confirms that health care providers have a key role in dealing with emotional disturbances that occur as a form of pandemic response. Public health emergencies can affect the health, safety and well-being of every individual as well as the social stigma in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Various mental health studies related to disasters have determined that emotional distress is widespread and can also be found in populations related to COVID-19. There are various kinds of risk factors that have an impact on health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, including social isolation, lack of support, and concerns about safety of family members. We included published, observational and experimental studies that reported the mental health effects on health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts made by policy holders, especially in the health sector, have greatly contributed to the response to the pandemic, but not all of them can run smoothly, several steps and policies in the health sector must involve many stakeholders in order to realize the expected efforts. The main purpose of this review paper was to not only focus on health workers, but include the communities in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Predicting Self-Reported Illness for Professional Team-Sport Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi R. Thornton ◽  
Jace A. Delaney ◽  
Grant M. Duthie ◽  
Brendan R. Scott ◽  
William J. Chivers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Purpose:To identify contributing factors to the incidence of illness for professional team-sport athletes, using training load (TL), self-reported illness, and well-being data.Methods:Thirty-two professional rugby league players (26.0 ± 4.8 y, 99.1 ± 9.6 kg, 1.84 ± 0.06 m) were recruited from the same club. Players participated in prescribed training and responded to a series of questionnaires to determine the presence of self-reported illness and markers of well-being. Internal TL was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion. These data were collected over 29 wk, across the preparatory and competition macrocycles.Results:The predictive models developed recognized increases in internal TL (strain values of >2282 AU, weekly TL >2786 AU, and monotony >0.78 AU) to best predict when athletes are at increased risk of self-reported illness. In addition, a reduction in overall well-being (<7.25 AU) in the presence of increased internal TL, as previously stated, was highlighted as a contributor to self-reported-illness occurrence.Conclusions:These results indicate that self-report data can be successfully used to provide a novel understanding of the interactions between competition-associated stressors experienced by professional team-sport athletes and their susceptibility to illness. This may help coaching staff more effectively monitor players during the season and potentially implement preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of illnesses occurring.

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