scholarly journals Geometric frustration produces long-sought Bose metal phase of quantum matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (46) ◽  
pp. e2100545118
Author(s):  
Anthony Hegg ◽  
Jinning Hou ◽  
Wei Ku
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Lower Dimension ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Geometric Frustration ◽  
Dissipative Flow ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Matter ◽  
Metal State

Two of the most prominent phases of bosonic matter are the superfluid with perfect flow and the insulator with no flow. A now decades-old mystery unexpectedly arose when experimental observations indicated that bosons could organize into the formation of an entirely different intervening third phase: the Bose metal with dissipative flow. The most viable theory for such a Bose metal to date invokes the use of the extrinsic property of impurity-based disorder; however, a generic intrinsic quantum Bose metal state is still lacking. We propose a universal homogeneous theory for a Bose metal in which geometric frustration confines the essential quantum coherence to a lower dimension. The result is a gapless insulator characterized by dissipative flow that vanishes in the low-energy limit. This failed insulator exemplifies a frustration-dominated regime that is only enhanced by additional scattering sources at low energy and therefore produces a Bose metal that thrives under realistic experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

Relativistic charged sphere in f(G,T) gravity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150152
Author(s):  
M. Ilyas ◽  
A. R. Athar ◽  
Bilal Masud
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Charged Sphere ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
Superstring Theories ◽  
Charged Spheres

This study explores the interior geometry of static relativistic charged spheres in the background of a recently proposed modified [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) invariant and trace of energy–momentum tensor, respectively. The GB gravity is the low-energy limit of superstring theories. The structures of specific relativistic charged spheres Vela [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are studied in this theory of gravity. We analyzed several physical behaviors of these relativistic charged spheres with the help of observational data and investigated the various aspects like density profile, stresses, the distribution of charges, stability, etc.

Quantifying the low-energy limit and spectral resolution in valence electron energy loss spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Aguiar ◽  
Bryan W. Reed ◽  
Quentin M. Ramasse ◽  
Rolf Erni ◽  
Nigel D. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Research on the Periodicity of Flow Field in a Compressor Sector Cascade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Xu ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Guogang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters ◽  
Real Flow ◽  
Annular Cascade

Abstract Sector cascade experiments can not only be convenient to measure various aerodynamic parameters but also reveal the real flow characteristics in turbomachinery. However, the sector cascade is only a part of the whole annular cascade. The circumferential angle, the structure of the side guide plate (SGP) and the suction mode on the SGP have a great effect on the periodicity of the flow field. Therefore, the effect of structure on periodicity must be taken into consideration in order to obtain accurate data of the sector cascade experiment. In this paper, a compressor sector cascade composed of a row of adjustable guide vanes (AGVs) and a row of stators is designed. The effect of the circumferential angle, SGP structure and suction position on the periodicity is studied by numerical simulation. An optimal cascade scheme is selected for experimental research. The results show that a larger circumferential angle can weaken the effect of low-energy fluid near the SGP on the middle passages. However, given the limited experimental conditions, the circumferential angle is set at 110° which consists of 15 AGVs and 14 stators. What’s more, the SGP with the same bowed angle of AGV on both sides of the cascade can reduce the influence of the SGP on the adjacent passages and obtain a regular periodicity. The low-energy fluids still accumulate near the SGP. The suction near the stator suction side of the SGP can alleviate the blockage in the flow passage and further improve the periodicity of the cascade. Serious analysis of the experiment results have further identified that the suction near the stator suction side of SGP can make the aerodynamic parameters of the flow field uniform and lead to a good periodicity. At the same time, the feasibility of this design method is verified.

Low-Energy Limit of theσModel

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2467-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Guralnik ◽  
Hung-sheng Tsao ◽  
T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Limit

Pion Production in the Low-Energy Limit

1962 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pion Production ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Limit

scholarly journals QUANTUM EVOLUTION IN SPACE–TIME FOAM

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (26) ◽  
pp. 4079-4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS J. GARAY
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Quantum Evolution ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Large Length ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Systems

In this work, I review some aspects concerning the evolution of quantum low-energy fields in a foamlike space–time, with involved topology at the Planck scale but with a smooth metric structure at large length scales, as follows. Quantum gravitational fluctuations may induce a minimum length thus introducing an additional source of uncertainty in physics. The existence of this resolution limit casts doubts on the metric structure of space–time at the Planck scale and opens a doorway to nontrivial topologies, which may dominate Planck scale physics. This foamlike structure of space–time may show up in low-energy physics through loss of quantum coherence and mode-dependent energy shifts, for instance, which might be observable. Space–time foam introduces non-local interactions that can be modeled by a quantum bath, and low-energy fields evolve according to a master equation that displays such effects. Similar laws are also obtained for quantum mechanical systems evolving according to good real clocks, although the underlying Hamiltonian structure in this case establishes serious differences among both scenarios.

Experimental Approach for Developing and Testing Predictive Self-Assembly Models

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Hendrick ◽  
James Tuckerman ◽  
Mario Juha ◽  
Nathan Crane
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Substrate Binding Sites

Testing methods and apparatus for studying capillary self-assembly processes are presented. This system permits the control of key self-assembly process variables so that relationships between process rates and yields and the process variables can be tested. Part arrival energies and angles are controlled by dropping through a fluid at terminal velocity onto fixed substrate binding sites. Using this system, the assembly probability at the low energy limit is shown to match a simple area fraction relationship.

Gravitation as a Composite Particle Effect in a Unified Spinor-Isospinor Preon Field Model I

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Composite Particle ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Effective Dynamics ◽  
Tetrad Formulation

Abstract The model is defined by a selfregularizing nonlinear preon field equation, and all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound (quantum) states of fermionic preon fields. Electroweak gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, gluons as preon composites and their effective dynamics etc. were studied in preceding papers. In this paper gravitons are introduced as four-preon composites and their effective interactions are discussed. This discussion is performed by the application of functional quantum theory to the model under consideration and subsequent evaluation of a weak mapping procedure, both introduced in preceding papers. In the low energy limit it is demonstrated that the effective graviton dynamics lead to the complete homogeneous Einstein equations in tetrad formulation.

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