DrosophilaShort Neuropeptide F Regulates Food Intake and Body Size

A poor start in life owing to a restricted diet can have readily detectable detrimental consequences for many adult life-history traits. However, some costs such as smaller adult body size are potentially eliminated when individuals modify their development. For example, male mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) that have reduced early food intake undergo compensatory growth and delay maturation so that they eventually mature at the same size as males that develop normally. But do subtle effects of a poor start persist? Specifically, does a male's developmental history affect his subsequent attractiveness to females? Females prefer to associate with larger males but, controlling for body length, we show that females spent less time in association with males that underwent compensatory growth than with males that developed normally.

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Bias in food intake reporting in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the role of body size, age and gender

Pediatric Diabetes ◽

10.1111/pedi.12376 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 213-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claudio Maffeis ◽

Yves Schutz ◽

Elena Fornari ◽

Marco Marigliano ◽

Francesca Tomasselli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Rates of oxygen consumption of yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera (Pallas)) relative to body size, food intake, and temperature

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/47.2.205 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 205-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. J. Paul ◽

J. M. Paul ◽

R. L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Yellowfin Sole ◽

Limanda Aspera

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Cloning and Expression of the Neuropeptide F and Neuropeptide F Receptor Genes and Their Regulation of Food Intake in the Chinese White Pine Beetle Dendroctonus armandi

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.662651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Liu ◽

Danyang Fu ◽

Haiming Gao ◽

Hang Ning ◽

Yaya Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Cloning And Expression ◽

White Pine ◽

Positive Role ◽

Chinese White ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

Neuropeptide F ◽

G Protein Coupled

Neuropeptide F (NPF) is an important signaling molecule that acts as a neuromodulator to regulate a diversity of physiological and behavioral processes from vertebrates to invertebrates by interaction with NPF receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). However, nothing is known about NPF in Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi, a destructive pest of natural and coniferous forests in the middle Qinling Mountains of China. We have cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding one NPF precursor and two NPF receptors in D. armandi and made bioinformatics predictions according to the deduced amino acid sequences. They were highly similar to that of Dendroctonus ponderosa. The transcription levels of these genes were different between larvae and adults of sexes, and there were significant differences among the different developmental stages and tissues and between beetles under starvation and following re-feeding states. Additionally, downregulation of NPF and NPFR by injecting dsRNA into beetles reduced their food intake, caused increases of mortality and decreases of body weight, and also resulted in a decrease of glycogen and free fatty acid and an increase of trehalose. These results indicate that the NPF signaling pathway plays a significant positive role in the regulation of food intake and provides a potential target for the sustainable management of this pest.

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The fly liquid-food electroshock assay (FLEA) reveals opposite roles for neuropeptide F in avoidance of bitterness and shock

10.1101/2020.02.10.942508 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Puskar Mishra ◽

Shany E. Yang ◽

Austin B. Montgomery ◽

Addison R. Reed ◽

Aylin R. Rodan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Aversive Stimulus ◽

Model Organism ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Well Being ◽

Incentive Motivation ◽

Physical Work ◽

Liquid Food ◽

Neuropeptide F ◽

External Incentives

ABSTRACTProper regulation of feeding is important for an organism’s well-being and survival. Food intake in Drosophila can be determined in a number of ways, including by measuring the time a fly’s proboscis interacts with a food source in the fly liquid-food interaction counter (FLIC). Here, we show that electrical current flowing through flies during this interaction is aversive and leads to a reduction in food intake. Based on the FLIC, we engineer a novel assay, the fly liquid-food electroshock assay (FLEA), which allows for current adjustments for each feeding well. Using the FLEA, we show that both external incentives as well as internal motivational state can serve as drivers for flies to overcome higher current (electric shock) to obtain superior food. Unlike similar assays in which bitterness is the aversive stimulus for the fly to overcome, we show that current perception is not discounted as flies become more food-deprived. The FLEA is therefore a novel assay to accurately measure incentive motivation in Drosophila. Using the FLEA, we also show that neuropeptide F is required for proper perception or processing of an electroshock, a novel function for this neuropeptide involved in processing of external and internal stimuli.Significance StatementMany neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression or addiction, are associated with alterations in motivated behavior. Assays measuring incentive motivation determine how driven an organism is to attain a goal, like food, or how attractive an incentive is. These tests require the animal to put effort into obtaining the reward, which can include physical work or overcoming an aversive stimulus. Such assays for Drosophila feeding have relied on flies overcoming bitterness to obtain their food. However, the perception of bitterness is discounted as flies become food deprived, confounding the interpretation. Here, we developed a novel assay that does not suffer from the same shortcomings and thus allows for more accurate assessments of incentive motivation in this widely used model organism.

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The influence of natural diet composition, food intake level, and body size on ingesta passage in primates

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.03.012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 150 (3) ◽

pp. 274-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Marcus Clauss ◽

W.Jürgen Streich ◽

Charles L. Nunn ◽

Sylvia Ortmann ◽

Gottfried Hohmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Natural Diet ◽

Intake Level ◽

Food Intake Level

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The quantitative significance of long-term regulation of food intake in the cow

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19690077 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 695-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J. A. Bines ◽

S. Suzuki ◽

C. C. Balch

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

The Mean ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Cotton Threads ◽

Friesian Cows

1. Six adult, non-pregnant, non-lactating, Friesian cows were used when fat and when thin to measure differences in the voluntary intakes of straw, hay and hay plus concentrates caused by the fatness of the animals. Measurements of digestibility, time of retention of food in the digestive tract, rate of breakdown of cotton threads in the ventral sac of the rumen and amounts of digesta in the reticule-rumen were included.2. The mean voluntary intakes of straw were similar for fat and thin cows. In absolute terms, thin cows consumed 31 % more hay and 23 yo more hay and concentrates than fat cows; in relation to metabolic body size (W0.75), these differences were 76% and 52% respectively.3. Small decreases in digestibility of these diets by the thin cows, reflected in slight reductions in the rate of loss of weight of cotton threads placed in the rumen, did not alter the significance of the differences in intake between fat and thin cows.4. Small changes in time of retention of food in the digestive tract suggested that the capacity of the tract may have been greatest in the thin cows.5. The presence of a greater amount of digesta in the reticulo-rumen of thin cows than in that of fat cows after eating hay supports the suggestion of a greater gut capacity in these animals. In both fat and thin cows, the capacity of thereticulo-rumen didnot appearto havelimited the intake of the hay and concentrate diet. In both groups the lowest levels of rumen fill were observed after straw was given.6. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms which may operate to reduce the voluntary intake of medium- and good-quality diets as cows become fatter. When poorquality roughages are given, other factors appear to conceal any differences in intake which may exist between fat and thin cows.

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Growth, Sexual Maturity and Food-Intake of Australian Indian-Ocean Bottle-Nosed Dolphins, Tursiops-Truncatus, in Captivity

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9920215 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

AJ Cheal ◽

NJ Gales

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Water Temperature ◽

South African ◽

Tursiops Truncatus ◽

Bottlenose Dolphins ◽

Secondary Growth ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

In Captivity

Body size and food intake of four female and three male captive Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were recorded regularly over a 10-year period. Growth of three captive-born female calves was also recorded. Growth of females parallelled that of South African bottlenose dolphins, tending toward an asymptote of c. 240 cm at 16 years of age. Growth of males was characterised by a secondary growth spurt at puberty between the ages of 10 and 12 years. Wild-caught females were approximately 10% heavier for age than their South African conspecifics. The captive-born females were up to 50% heavier than their African counterparts. Growth rates of females and males were 2.1-2.6 cm per year and 2.0-2.6 cm per year, respectively, between the ages of 3 and 16 years. Females were known to be reproductively mature at 11-13 years of age when lengths were between 227 and 238 cm. DNA fingerprinting of offspring and potential parents revealed that one of the three males was reproductively mature at 233 cm and another at either 222 or 226 cm. One of the males was sexually mature at the beginning of its secondary growth spurt at 10 or 11 years of age. Food intake of dolphins increased significantly with decreasing water temperature. It is suggested that variations in water temperature and food availability may play a role in governing body-size differences between T. truncatus populations.

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Loss of SFRP4 Alters Body Size, Food Intake, and Energy Expenditure in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2015-1257 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (12) ◽

pp. 4502-4510 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jason Mastaitis ◽

Mark Eckersdorff ◽

Soo Min ◽

Yurong Xin ◽

Katie Cavino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Β Cell ◽

Spine Length

Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is an extracellular regulator of the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (WNT) pathway. SFRP4 has been implicated in adipocyte dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exact role of SFRP4 in regulating whole-body metabolism and glucose homeostasis is unknown. We show here that male Sfrp4−/− mice have increased spine length and gain more weight when fed a high-fat diet. The body composition and body mass per spine length of diet-induced obese Sfrp4−/− mice is similar to wild-type littermates, suggesting that the increase in body weight can be accounted for by their longer body size. The diet-induced obese Sfrp4−/− mice have reduced energy expenditure, food intake, and bone mineral density. Sfrp4−/− mice have normal glucose and insulin tolerance and β-cell mass. Diet-induced obese Sfrp4−/− and control mice show similar impairments of glucose tolerance and a 5-fold compensatory expansion of their β-cell mass. In summary, our data suggest that loss of SFRP4 alters body length and bone mineral density as well as energy expenditure and food intake. However, SFRP4 does not control glucose homeostasis and β-cell mass in mice.

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Feeding of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Maximum Appetite, Sustained Feeding Rate, Appetite Return, and Body Size

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-141 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1191-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert L. Dunbrack

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Intake ◽

Rate Constant ◽

Maximum Rate ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Gastric Evacuation ◽

Fish Feeding

Experimental investigations of the influence of body size and feeding rate on the voluntary consumption of live Tubifex by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) showed that maximum appetite and sustained feeding rate increased allometrically with coho body size. There was no significant effect of body size on the rate of appetite return following a meal, although a comparison of these results with data from the literature suggests that the rate constant of appetite return may decrease with body size. The rate constant of appetite return following meals preceded by 96 h of starvation was significantly greater than that for meals preceded by 3–5 d of satiation feeding. If the latter effect also applies to the rate constant of gastric evacuation for live foods, the use of standard gastric evacuation models could overestimate the rate of food intake of wild fish feeding at close to their maximum rate.

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