Das Lachen der thrakischen Magd

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schües
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Thinking

The laughter of the Thracian handmaid. About the ›unworldliness‹ of philosophy. Interpreting Plato’s story of the Thracian handmaid, this essay focuses on questions concerning the supposition of an opposition between common sense and philosophical thinking. Taking the laughter of the maid seriously the author discusses the role of laughter for Plato’s approach. By reevaluating the function of laughter she argues for its strength in revealing ideological thinking or an undisclosed hypothesis, and in enabling philosophical thinking. Thus, the author argues that the alliance of laughter and thinking unsettles the state of being enclosed in ideology, everydayness or thoughtlessness, and both distances and unsettles human beings. And hence, it may free us to pose again the question as to how we are thinking what.

The Role of Women in Hobbes's Economic Thought

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Joanne Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article examines the role of women in Hobbes's economic thought. First, I frame Hobbes's economic thought in relation to his philosophical materialism so as to underscore the extent to which Hobbes's materialism entails the insight that human beings are, by definition, productive, economic creatures. I argue that his description of the economy, even without explicit acknowledgment, necessarily positions women as crucial economic actors. I then consider the implications of this in relation to the feminist possibilities of Hobbes's gender politics. I conclude that when deliberating on this question, we face the same conundrum that is evident in all literature considering Hobbes and gender. His radical comments about women in the state of nature are undermined by his seeming indifference to the state of women in commonwealths once they are founded.

Diplomacy and Diplomats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver B. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
At Home

The diplomat is formed in certain socially specific ways, and is defined by the role they play within certain contexts in the field of international relations. Since it is human beings, and not organizations, who practice diplomacy, the diplomats’ social traits are relevant to their work. Historically, diplomats can be defined in terms of two key social traits (class and gender) and how their roles depend on two contexts (bureaucrat/information gatherer and private/public). Before the rise of the state in Europe, envoys were usually monks. With the rise of the state, the aristocracy took over the diplomatic missions. Nonaristocrats were later allowed to assume the role of diplomats, but they needed to be trained, both as gentlemen and as diplomats. From the eighteenth century onwards, wives usually accompanied diplomats stationed abroad, though by the end of the nineteenth century, a few women came to work as typists and carry out menial chores for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). As women became legal persons through performing such labor, they later became qualified to legally serve as diplomats. Meanwhile, in terms of context, the key context change for a diplomat is from “at home” (as in “my home country”) to “abroad.” Historically, work at home is the descendant of bureaucratic service at the MFA, and work abroad of the diplomatic service.

Xunzi in the Light of the Guodian Manuscripts

Early China ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 113-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rakita Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Proper Values ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the several previously unknown Confucian texts discovered in 1993 in a Warring States tomb at Guodian, near Jingmen, Hubei Province. I believe that these works should be understood as doctrinal material deriving from a single tradition of Confucianism and datable to around 300 B.C. Of the surviving literature from the same period, they are closer to the Xunzi than to any other text, and anticipate several characteristic themes in Xunzi's philosophy. These are: the notion of human nature (xing 性),and the controversy over whether the source of morality is internar or “external”; the role of learning (xue 學)and habitual practice (xi 習) in moral development; the content and origin of ritual (li 禮), by which human beings accord with the Way; the conception of the ruler as the mind (xin 心) of the state; and the psychological utility of music (yue 樂) in inculcating proper values.It is especially important for scholars to take note of these connections with Xunzi, in view of the emerging trend to associate the Guodian manuscripts with Zisi, the famous grandson of Confucius, whom Xunzi bitterly criticized.

scholarly journals “Governance” em Tempo de Pandemia: Um Enquadramento Filosófico

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Orlando Coutinho ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
The Way

The way in which an unknown virus has moved from a local to a global case, taking on a pandemic outline, has caused significant changes in the lives of all human beings. Firstly, for that reason, it is unknown, then because behind the ignorance comes mistrust and fear. Nowadays, these ingredients are - in the political-social space - substance for the biggest factors of action and decision of the actors of the power. Have we been in a war context, as some have said? Was confinement, global and so prolonged, really necessary? Was decreeing a state of emergency essential? Were the exception measures proportional? And are they reversible? This article aims, in the way of the ideas of several authors that thinking about the political philosophical role of health contexts, of exception state, and of political control of the State, in face of public health issues and not only, understand the “state of the art” in the way of governing western democracies, in the firstly, but flying over other geographies and systems as the virus has assumed global contours. And, by means of the concrete measures, politically adopted, by the different political actors, what real impacts they had on the life and the institutions working, and on the psychology of the persons individually or socially considered.

Dimensi Penanganan dalam Kasus Pengungsi Internasional; Teori dan Praktik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan M Yani ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
International System ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Community ◽  
State Management ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
International Refugee Law

<p>Dealing with international refugees is actually a responsibility of the State and the global social community. It does not depend on whether the country concerned has ratified the 1951 refugee or not. Why, because the issue of international refugees is a matter of humanitarian universalism, including human rights. Therefore there is no fundamental reason for the State to ignore it. Isn't the state as well as a political unit that lives, grows and develops as a living creature. International refugees should be seen as an international system organ that contributes to the maturation of the State. Humanity values cannot be separated from the dimensions of State management. Emmanuel Kant said that human beings in essence have a behavior that respects and cares for each other. This kind of behavior makes a person called a human being. Likewise, the State, the State is an instrument managed by a number of people and of course based on common sense. For this reason, the action of handling refugees is something that is based on common sense. Treatment options may be chosen based on rules that are in accordance with international refugee law, however, they are not limited in nature, but may also be based on creativity in accordance with what develops in the field. The important thing is not contrary to the humanity's point of view.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Handling of Refugees, International Refugees, Protection, Humanity.</p>

scholarly journals Pendidikan Akhlak Anak Dalam Perspektif Abdulah Nasih Ulwan dan Relevansinya dengan kondisi saat ini

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Erfa Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right ◽  
As If

The purpose of national education is to develop the potential of learners to become human beings who believe and cautious to God Almighty, have noble character, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and responsible. In fact, although the number of educated people is increasing, there is still a lot of criminality, immorality, violation of law and other issues as if eliminating the identity of a nation that berpencasila. This is where the importance of morals, the role of morals in life is often beyond the role of science, for science without morality encourages people to the kebiadapan ". So it becomes a necessity for all educators, the public as well as the state to focus on matters of morality, by realizing that children's time is the right time to instill morals. An effective method is needed to instill morals to the children, and in this case we are referring to Abdullah Nasih Ulwan who has made the formula for the education of morals for children in accordance with the rules of the current education. Departing from the background mentioned above, In order for research to have direction, base and meaning, it is necessary writer to formulate the purpose of this research, namely: first, to know urgency of moral education in children according to Abdullah Nasih Ulwan, second to know the method and application of moral education on according to Abdullah Nasih Ulwan, the third to know its relevance to the current conditions.

Krise der Imagination?

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-538
Author(s):  
Roland Reichenbach
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Liberalism

A Crisis of Imagination? Remarks on Civic and Aesthetic Education Immanuel Kant’s notion of reflective judgments and Hannah Arendt’s reinterpretation of its value for the understanding of the public domain and the crucial role of common sense are the starting points of the contribution in which central aspects of Jean-Claude Michéa’s recent critique of liberalism are presented. From this perspective it is neither convincing to strictly separate cultural (political) liberalism from economic liberalism nor to share their »negative« anthropology and/or the quasi sacred axiom of moral neutrality (of the state) in both liberal views. The crisis of (political) imagination rests on the crisis of common sense.

The Filtering Role of Crisis in the Constitution of Criminal Excuses

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Norm Enforcement ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
The Way ◽  
Moral Limits

This paper seeks to counter a currently popular account of criminal defences which holds that both excuses and justifications are characterised by the fact that the conduct of the actor is consistent with the standards to be expected of good citizens in the role inhabited by the actor. Its object is to restore due prominence to the role played by human frailty in core defences. The position will be advanced that a significant reason for this loss of prominence is that insufficient attention has been paid to the filtering role played by crisis. For both excuses and justifications crisis marks the moral limits within which a workable system of norm enforcement can be achieved. In each case it ensures defences are socially validated, although the nature of the validation differs according to the nature of the defence. With defences of reasonable reaction crisis helps mark the parameters of reasonableness and ensures respect for the rule of law. Crisis may also deprive individuals of their susceptibility to conform their behaviour to rules. Its major constitutive role in this regard is to ensure that this susceptibility is rooted in the characteristics of human beings generally rather the specific characteristics of the actor. In this way it gives moral focus to the way excuses may intrude simply because the state cannot reasonably demand any better, at the same time providing a mechanism for distinguishing true excuses from exemptions or defences of impaired capacity.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Government, Religious and Community Figures, In Conjunction With the Security Forces (Polri) In Returning A Harmonic Life Post Conflict As Ethnic In Sambas Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Setyo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Conflict Handling ◽  
The Republic

<p><em>Humans as God's creatures are given freedom of human rights from birth. As a citizen, it is necessary that the State shall be obliged to protect the freedom of the rights of its citizens. However can’t be denied the freedom of human rights between human beings with each other in fact lead to differences in interests that led to the emergence of conflicts that often lead to the occurrence of fatalities and loss of property. Whereas one of the citizens' rights is free to live anywhere within a territory of the State. Likewise with citizens of Indonesia, in the Constitution of the State has guaranteed the freedom to reside within the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the experience of conflicts in the country, with the post-conflict handling of those who had previously conflicted it can be reunited in living a harmonious life, but unlike the conflict that occurred in Sambas Regency in 1999 between ethnic Malays and Madurese which has been over the years and with post-conflict efforts that have been done until now people in Sambas district have not been able to accept the presence of Madurese in Sambas Regency.</em><em></em></p>

Philosophical Method: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mathematics And Science

What is philosophy and what are philosophers trying to achieve? Philosophical Method: A Very Short Introduction looks at the history of philosophy, including examples from history charting the successes and failures of philosophical thinking. Themes explored in detail include philosophy’s relationship to mathematics and science, common sense and its misinterpretations, the role of debate in the search for truth, and the importance of thought experiments to philosophical arguments. This VSI provides a contemporary look at philosophical methodology, asking if philosophy is always an ‘armchair-based’ discipline or if real-life thought experiments can help us solve philosophical problems.

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