Joint creative process in translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-276
Author(s):  
Annamari Korhonen ◽  
Maija Hirvonen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Translation Operators

Abstract In this article, we explore socially distributed cognition (SDC) as a theoretical model of translation and investigate it empirically as an aspect of the collaborative and creative translation workflow. With the aim of developing a better understanding of SDC and collaborative workflows in translation, we analyzed two different settings where more than one person works on a translation: commercial specialized translation (CST) services, and the production of audio descriptions (AD) as teamwork between blind and sighted describers. The analysis focuses on how the process of co-creation unfolds in the communication that binds together the systems of SDC. While the process of co-creation was strikingly similar in the two different translation contexts, the differences were bound to channels of communication (with or without direct contact between participants), and the draft translation was identified as a central artifact that carries much of the communication when the participants do not work in the same space. With an emphasis on socially distributed cognition, our study provides a framework for both the cognitive and social aspects of translation and develops the understanding of collaborative translation processes. It also contributes to the development of translation practices by helping translation operators and trainers make choices between alternative workflows.

Heat Transfer With Vaporization of a Liquid by Direct Contact in Another Immiscible Liquid: Experimental and Numerical Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tadrist ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
R. Santini ◽  
J. Pantaloni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Water System ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Spray Column

An experimental setup was designed to study direct-contact evaporators using a liquid dispersed in another immiscible liquid. The study was carried out on an n-pentane–water system to determine the influence of different parameters on these systems, and consequently to construct a model for this type of evaporator. An optical probe was used to measure the local void fraction. At different column abscissas along a selected diameter, the local void fraction variations were determined. The shape of the curves can be attributed to the different processes occurring in the spray column. A one-dimensional heat transfer model in the spray column was established. Simplifying assumptions were used to establish and resolve the set of equations governing heat transfer and two-phase flow. The vaporization process induces a volumetric expansion of the two-phase mixture. A theoretical model was used, in which the coalescence between the spherical fluid particles is taken into account. Different coalescence laws dependent on particle density were introduced into the theoretical model and then tested. The numerical results are discussed and compared with the experimental data obtained for the n-pentane–water system.

scholarly journals Puzzle of Developing E-Learning Systems for Higher Education in Developing States like Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Allah Nawaz ◽  
Irfan Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
E Learning ◽  
New System

E-Learning [EL] systems are developed by professionals but used by those belonging to one or another field and not the computer as subject. Given this, EL has to be developed within a scenario of technical, human and social aspects of the environment wherein the new system is about to operate. Which technologies are available and how they are perceived determines the development and use processes however, this relationship is mediated by users’ digital literacy issues and beliefs about the nature and role of ICTs in education? This is therefore incumbent upon developers and HEI-management to start with a broader picture of EL projects and make technical, human, social and organizational arrangements to develop and integrate the new system within the existing work environment making it supportive to prospected users. This paper develops theoretical model of theory of EL development and use in higher education in the background of developing states.

Saturn's E, G and F rings: modulated by the plasma sheet

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
E. Grün ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.H. Schwehm
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Perturbation ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
F Ring

ABSTRACTSaturn's broad E ring, the narrow G ring and the structured and apparently time variable F ring(s), contain many micron and sub-micron sized particles, which make up the “visible” component. These rings (or ring systems) are in direct contact with magnetospheric plasma. Fluctuations in the plasma density and/or mean energy, due to magnetospheric and solar wind processes, may induce stochastic charge variations on the dust particles, which in turn lead to an orbit perturbation and spatial diffusion. It is suggested that the extent of the E ring and the braided, kinky structure of certain portions of the F rings as well as possible time variations are a result of plasma induced electromagnetic perturbations and drag forces. The G ring, in this scenario, requires some form of shepherding and should be akin to the F ring in structure. Sputtering of micron-sized dust particles in the E ring by magnetospheric ions yields lifetimes of 102to 104years. This effect as well as the plasma induced transport processes require an active source for the E ring, probably Enceladus.

A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maila Upanne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

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